Solution Dassehra HomeWork JEE Advanced Part 1
Solution Dassehra HomeWork JEE Advanced Part 1
1 KINEMATICS
dv
or m v ⋅ = – kv n t1 t2
ds Maximumretardationcanbe g.
k Let t1 is the time of acceleration and t2 the time
or 1– n
v dv = – ⋅ ds
m ofretardation.Then:
0 1– n k s0 vm vm
= (n – 1)g i.e. t1 =
or ∫ v 0 v dv = – m ∫ 0 ds t1 (n – 1) g
v 0 = initialvelocityofparticle vm vm
=g i.e. t2 =
mv 02 – n t2 g
or s0 = …(2)
k (2 – n) Now area under v – t graph gives, the
Wecanalsowrite displacement.Hence
1
dv v m (t1 + t2) = h
m ⋅ = – kv n 2
dt
k Substitutingvaluesof t1 and t2 weget
or v – ndv = – dt
2 1 1
(n – 1) g + g = 2h
m vm
0 –n k t0
or ∫ v 0v ⋅ dv = – m ∫ 0 dt 2
vm n
or = 2h
mv10 – n g n – 1
or t0 = …(3)
k (1 – n) n – 1
or 2
vm = 2gh …(1)
Fromequations(1),(2)and(3), n
1 – n Totaltime t = t1 + t2
<v> = v0
2 – n vm v v n
or t= + m = m
Given;
v
<v> = 0 (n – 1) g g g n – 1
3
Substituting the value of v m from equation (1),
1–n 1
or = weget
2–n 3
n 2gh (n – 1) 2nh
1 t= ⇒t =
or n= g (n – 1) n ( n – 1) g
2
7. Velocity-time graph of the particle is as shown
6. Weightofthelift = Mg newton
below:
v
Maximumtension = nMg newton D
∴ Netforceonlift = nMg – Mg = (n – 1) Mg C y [Let CE = y
B y y
∴ Maximumacceleration d E d F
then DF = 2y]
(n – 1) Mg A
= = (n – 1) g
M
Let the maximum velocity be v m . Figure shows
M N P
velocity-timegraph t1 t2 t3
t
136 ProblemsinPhysics
Area under v – t graph gives the displacement. therefore, kinetic energy-time graph is a
hence parabolapassingthroughorigin.
s 2 – s1 = area BCNM At B t1 = 4 s
1
= y. d + area BENM …(1) ∴ K = (100)(4)2 = 1600 J
2
v
s 3 – s 2 = area CDPN B to C velocity = – – gt = – 20 + 10t
2
1
= yd + yd + area EFPN …(2) (v = 40 m/s)
2
(1)—(2)gives: speed =| velocity| = 20 – 10t
2s 2 – s1 – s 3 = – y. d At C :velocityorspeed = 0 ∴ t2 = 2s
1 1
or y ⋅ d = s1 + s 3 – 2s 2 kineticenergy, K = mv 2 = (2)(20 – 10t)2
2 2
s1 + s 3 – 2 s1s 3
or y= (s 2 = s1 s 3 ) = (20 – 10t)2
d
y ( s1 – s 3 )
2 C to D velocity=speed = gt = 10t ; t3 = 2 s
or = = slope of line AD
d d2 1
kineticenergy = mv 2
= acceleration 2
1
∴ accelerationofparticle = (2)(10 t)2 = 100 t 2
2
( s1 − s 3 )2
= Proved At D : speed = velocity = (10) (2) = 20 m/s
d2
andkineticenergy K = (100) (2)2 = 400 J.
8. Let t1 be the time of first collision. Applying
Thecorrespondinggraphsareasfollows:
1
h = g t 2,weget
2 Velocity (m/s) Speed(m/s)
u=0 A
40 40
+ve
C 20 20
C
80 m t1
t2 t3 4
v 6 8 Time 4 6 8 Time
—
2 –20 (s) (s)
B D
B
v v
—
2 Kinetic energy (J)
1
80 = g t12 ∴ t1 = 4 s 1600
2
400
A to B velocity=speed = g t = 10 t
hence velocity-time and speed time graphs are 4 6 8 Time
straight lines passing through origin with slope (s)
g = 10 m/s2.
At B t1 = 4 s 9. Weknowthat
∴ velocity=speed = (10) (4) m/s= 40 m/s v⋅
dv
= a or v ⋅ dv = ads
kineticenergy, ds
v
1 1
K = mv 2 = (2)(g t)2 = 100 t 2 or ∫ 0 v ⋅ dv = ∫ ads
2 2
Solutions 137
v2 →
or = areaunder a-s graph |v A| = 60 sin 45° + 200 sin α
2
or v= 2(area under a − s graph) = 237.87 km/hr
AB 100
1 1
area = (2)(2) + 6 × 2 + (2 + 4)(2) ∴ t AB = = hr = 0.42 hr
→ 237.87
2 2
|v A|
1
+ × 2× 4 B to A
2
N
= 2 + 12 + 6 + 4 = 24 m /s2 2
B is the origin in this case
∴ v = 2 × 24 = 4 3 m/s
10. A to B →
→ α υω = 60 km/hr
N vAω = 200 km/hr E
→
vAω = 200 km/hr B 45°
B
→
vA
A
α
→ →
E
Similarly, components of v Aω and vω
A 45° → perpendicularto BA shouldbezero.Forthis
vω = 60 km/hr
α = 77.7 °
Nowresultantvelocityofaircraftalong BA is
→
|v A| = 200 sin α – 60 sin 45° = 153 km/hr
AB = 100 km BA 100
∴ tBA = = hr
→ → 153
vw = 60 km/hr= velocityofwind |v A|
→ or tBA = 0.65 hr
v Aw = 200 km/hr= velocity of aircraft with ∴ Totaltimeofflight = t AB + tBA
respecttowind
→ → → = (0.42 + 0.65) hr
v A = vw + v Aw = velocity of aircraft with respect = 1.07 hr
toground = 64.2 min
→
Let v Aw makes an angle α with the 11. Let v br be the velocity of boatman with respect
perpendicular to AB (shown as dotted line in to river or velocity of boatman in still water and
figure). v r therivervelocity.Velocityofraftisalso vr .
→ Assuming river to be at rest or raft to be at rest.
Aircraft has to reach from A to B, hence v A
The boatman will move with v br both during its
→
should be along AB or components of v Aw and downstreamandupstreammotion.Therefore
→ Time of upstream motion = time of down-
vw perpendicular to AB should be zero. streammotion = 1 hr.
Therefore, ∴ Total time of motion of raft = 2 hrs. In this 2
hrs, the raft moves 6 km. Hence the raft
200 cos α = 60 cos 45° or α = 77.7 °
velocity or river velocity is 3 km/hr. This can be
and resultant velocity of aircraft along AB shownonnextpage:
wouldbe
138 ProblemsinPhysics
Boatman → →
1 hour a A = – g $j , a B = – g $j
1 hour u AX = 60 cos 30° = 30 3 m/s
Raft u AY = 60 sin 30° = 30 m/s
Assuming river to be at rest u BX = – 50 cos α and u BY = 50 sin α
Relative acceleration between the two is zero
Boatman vr + vbr 1 hour → →
(a A = a B ). Hence the relative motion between
vr vbr – vr
Raft thetwoisuniform.
6 km →
Condition of collision is that u AB should be
Actual motion of boatman and raft
→
Alternate Solution—This problem can be along AB or u BA should be along BA. This is
solvedgraphicallyasfollows:
v
possible only when u AY = u BY i.e. component
vbr + vr
A1 of relative velocity along y-axis should be zero.
(t + 1)
1 A2
t(hr) or 30 = 50 sin α
vbr – vr
or α = sin –1(3/ 5)
t
→
v–t graph of boatman
Now |u AB | = u AX – u BX
v
= (30 3 + 50 cos α) m/s
vr
A3 4
t(hr) = 30 3 + 50 × = (30 3 + 40) m/s
5
(t + 1) 100 100
∴ t= = = 1.09 s
v–t graph of raft
→ 30 3 + 40
|u AB|
Displacement of boatman = Displacement of raft
therefore the particles collide after a
∴ A1 – A2 = A3 time t = 1.09 s
∴ (v br + v r )(1) – (v br – v r ) (t) = (v r )(t + 1) Distance of point P from A where collision
Thisgives t = 1 hour takesplaceis
Nowdisplacementofraft i.e. A3 is6km 1 22
S = (u AX t)2 + (u AY t − gt )
Hence (t + 1) v r = 6 or 2v r = 6 2
or v r = 3 km/hr (30 3 × 1.09)2 + (30 × 1.09 −
1
× 10
12. Taking x and y directionsasshowninfigure: = 2
Y × 1.09 × 1.09)2
or S = 62.64m
13. Point P is the point of intersection of two curves
Y
x2 = 4ay
X v
P
θ
A → B X
uAB
Solutions 139
x2 = (2)(10)(400) + (5)(400)2
x 2 = 4 ay or y = ...(1)
4a
or v = 898.8 m/s
gx 2
and y = x tan θ – (1 + tan 2 θ) ...(2) or v ≈ 0.9 km/s
2v 2
15. There is no loss of mechanical energy when the
(equationofprojectile)
string hits the nail C, because the sudden
equating(1)and(2),weget change in tension is perpendicular to the
x2 gx 2 direction of motion of the particle and
= x tan θ – (1 + tan 2 θ)
4a 2v 2 therefore,has noeffectonitsspeed.
1 g
x 2 + 2 (1 + tan 2 θ) = x tan θ v D
4 a 2v
v
soeither x = 0 or R v
4av 2
tan θ O B R
x = C C B
v 2
+ 2ag + 2ag tan θ 2
v D
dy 2R
14. (a) vy = = 2gy …(1)
dt T + mg
u
dx A
vx = = ay …(2) C B
dt
X Let v betheminimumvelocityatpoint D.
y Applying conservation of mechanical energy
H = 400 m
vx
betweenpoints A and D
vy 1
mg (3R) = m (u 2 – v 2)
Y 2
or v 2 = u 2 − 6gR …(1)
Dividing(1)by(2),weget
ApplyingNewton’slawradiallyatpoint D
dy 2gy 2
= = mv m 2
dx ay y T + mg = = (u 2 – 6gR)
R R
(g = 10 m/s2 and a = 5 s –1 ) m 2
or T = (u – 7 gR)
or y ⋅ dy = 2 dx R
400 m x Now T≥0 or u 2 ≥ 7 gR
or ∫0 y dy = 2 ∫ dx
0
or umin = 7gR
2 3/ 2 400 m
or (y )0 = 2x 16. Let R be the radius of the circle, u be its velocity
3 u
1 at bottommost point and at topmost point.
or x = (400)3/ 2 2
3 Then C
8 2 u/2
or x = × 103 m u
= u – 2g (2R)
2
3 v
2
or x = 2.67 km
3 2 B
(b) Speed of particle when it strikes the ground or 4 gR = u
4
willbe
3 u2
v = v x2 + v y2 = (2gy) + (a 2y 2) or R= A
u
16 g
140 ProblemsinPhysics
If v isitsvelocityatpoint B,then (b) For average speed let us put, v = 0, which
3 u2 gives,
v 2 = u 2 – 2gR = u 2 – 2g . t = 0 and t = 3 sec
16 g
3 5
5
v = u2
2 ∫ 0 vdt + ∫ 3 vdt
∴ Averagespeed =
8 5
Atpoint B itstangentialaccelerationis Substitutingthevaluesandsolvingweget,
at = g (downwards) Averagespeed = 2.63 m / s
andradialacceleration, 19. After time ‘ t’ position of different particles will
5 2 beasunder:
u A'
v2 10
ar = = 8 2 = g (towards centre) Let AB = BC = d
R 3 u 3
16 g vt B'
y
Hencetotalaccelerationwillbe C
2 A B
10 109 x 1 at2
a= a t2 + a r2 = g 1 + = g 2
3 3 d
C'
109 d–x
= (10) ≈ 34.8 m/s
2
3 Fromthreesimilartriangles,
qE 1 2
17. (i) g ′ = g + at
vt y
m = 2 =
d+x d−x x
10–6 × 106
= 9.8 + = 109.8 m/s2 Solvingthesethreeequations,wehave,
0.01
v 1
l 1 y = t − at 2
∴ T = 2π = 2π = 0.6 s 2 4
g′ 109.8
1
Comparingwith s = ut + at 2 weget,
(ii) vmin = 5g ′ l 2
= 5 × 109.8 × 1 = 23.43 m/s u=
v 1
and acceleration = − a
2 2
(iii) Tmin = 0 attopmostpoint
Thus point B should move up with initial
and Tmax = 6mg ′ atbottommostpoint velocity v/2 and downward acceleration of a/2.
= 6 × 0.01 × 109.8 = 6.59 N →
5
20. At the given instant component of v BA along BA
X
A 45° P B
O
Q
30°
v
X C
Assuming the cam to be at rest and the point A
C′
of the rod follower to slide up the circular path →
with the x-component of velocity – 5 cm/s and Velocity of rod AB is v = vj$ i.e. it is moving
x-component of acceleration – 10 cm/s2, the along positive y-direction. Similarly velocity of
equationofthepath,thenbeing v $ v $
rod CD is i – j . i. e. it is moving in the
x 2 + y 2 = (30)2 2 2
direction shown in figure with speed v. After
Differentiatingitwithrespecttotime t
time t,
dx dy
x ⋅ +y =0 …(1) OQ = vt
dt dt
∴ OP = OQ sec 45° = 2 vt
Here x = 30 sin 30° = 15 cm
similarly OM = vt
and y = 30 cos 30° = 26 cm
and ON = OM sec 45° = 2 vt
Fromequation(1)
dy x dx hence
=– ⋅
dt y dt
OO′ = (OP )2 + (ON)2 + 2(OP )(ON) cos 45°
dy 15
or = – (–5) = 2.88 cm/s 1
dt 26 = 2v 2t 2 + 2v 2t 2 + 2( 2vt)( 2vt)
2
Whichmustbevelocityof A and B (upwards)
Differentiating (1) with respect to time t once OO′ = vt 4 + 2 2
again,weget
∴ velocityofpointofintersectionis
d 2x dx 2 d 2y dy 2
x ⋅ 2 + +y 2 + =0 OO′
dt dt dt dt vo = = v 4 + 2 2 = 2.61 v
t
d 2x dx 2 dy 2 at bisector of ON and OP or at an angle of
d 2y x + +
∴ 2 = – dt 2 dt dt 22.5°withpositive x-axis.
dt
y
Solutions 143
→ position or mean position. therefore, we may
∴ v o = v o cos 22.5° i$ + v o sin 22.5° $j write
→ t = t1 + t2 where t1 = nT/ 4
or v o = v ( 2.41 i$ + $j)
here n = 0, 1, 2, 3K
26. Acceleratingforce T
F1 ∝ t or F1 = t and t2 < or t2 = (t – nT/ 4)
4
andretardingforce nowtwocasesarise:
F2 ∝ x or F2 = x Case 1 : When n is even–Say n = 0, 2, 4K
constant of proportionality being 1 in both the In this case, particle will be in its extreme
cases.
position in time t1. Hence distance travelled in
hence Fnet = F1 – F2 = t – x time t wouldbe
or a=t– x …(1) (mass = 1 kg) s = s1 + s 2 where s1 = nA
differentiating equation (1) w.r.t. time, we get and s 2 = distance travelled in time t2 from
da dx extremeposition.
=1–
dt dt = A – A cos ωt2
d 2v nπ
or =1–v …(2) = A – A cos ωt –
dt 2 2
Now,letusassume 2π
nT
V =1–v …(3) t2 = t – and T =
4 ω
d 2v d 2V nπ
or – =
dt 2
dt 2 ∴ s = n A + A – A cos ωt –
2
∴ Equation(2)canbewrittenas
nπ
d 2V = A n + 1 – cos ωt –
=– V …(4) 2
dt 2
Case 2 : When n is odd –Say n = 1, 3, 5....
comparing this with standard equation of
d 2V In this case, particle will be in its mean position
S.H.M. i.e. 2 = – ω 2V intime t1.Hence
dt
∴ V will oscillate simple harmonically with s = s1 + s 2
angularfrequency ω = 1 rad/s where s1 = nA and s 2 = distance travelled in
also at time t = 0, v = 0, hence V =1 time t2 frommeanposition.
[fromequation(3)] nπ
∴ V = cos t or 1 – v = cos t = A sin ωt2 = A sin ωt –
2
dx
or v = 1 – cos t or = 1 – cos t nπ
dt ∴ s = n A + A sin ωt –
x t
2
or ∫ 0 dx = ∫ 0 (1 – cos t) dt nπ
or s = A n + sin ωt –
or x = t – sin t 2
27. The given equation i.e. x = A cos ωt is an nπ
Hence s = A n + 1 – cos ωt –
equation of SHM. Let T be the time period of 2
SHM. Then distance travelled by the particle is
‘ A’ during the time T/ 4 starting from extreme when n iseven
144 ProblemsinPhysics
nπ particle moving on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1
and s = A n + sin ωt –
2 with constant speed v is parallel to the line
x + y = 0. This is its centripetal
when n isodd.
acceleration which acts towards centre.
→ →
Velocityofparticleat M and N is
28. (i) v A = ui$ and v B = u $j
→ v $ v $
Let at any time t, coordinates of point A and B vM = – i – j
be ( X , 0) and (0, Y ) respectively. 2 2
Y → v $ v $
and vN = i + j
2 2
B → → → v v $
C v MA = v M – v A = – – u i$ – j
2 2
X
A → → → v $ v
Thencoordinatesofpoint C (x , y) willbe and v MB = v M – v B = – i + – – u $j
2 2
X dx 1 dX u
x= or = or v x = → →
2 dt 2 dt 2 Wecanshowthat |v MA| =|v MB|
Y dy 1 dY u
and y = or = or v y = Similarlywecanprovethat
2 dt 2 dt 2 → →
Hencevelocityof C wouldbe |v NA| =|v NB|
→ u u u
v C = i$ + $j (iii) Magnitude of velocity of C is .
2 2 2
∴ Velocityof C withrespectto A is Therefore, the maximum value of relative
→ → → u u velocity of P with respect to C will be
v CA = v C – v A = – i$ + $j …(1) u
2 2 v+ , when P and C are moving in
→ 2
u
or |v CA| = opposite direction. But this value is given
2 tobeequalto u.Hence
Velocityof C withrespectto B willbe u 1
→ u v+ = u or v = u 1 –
v CB = i$ – $j
u
…(2) 2 2
2 2 →
From(1)and(2)weseethat 29. (a) Let v br be the velocity of boatman relative
→ → → →
v CA = – v CB to river, v r the velocity of river and v b is the
(ii) At points M and N, acceleration of the absolutevelocityofboatman.Then
y Y
j
vr N
M
O X W E i
A
v vbr
x
45° v S
N a
x+y=0
→ → →
v b = v br + v r
Solutions 145
→ → →
Given; |v br| = v and | v r| = u and v R shouldbezero.Hence
Now u = vy =
dy v
= x (a – x ) 2 …(1) v cos α = v R
dt a 3–1
or (2v 0) cos α = v 0 1 + y
dx w
and v = vx = =v …(2)
dt
3–1
Dividing(1)by(2),weget 1+ y
or cos α = w
dy x (a – x ) x (a – x )
= 2
or dy = dx 2
dx a a2 Therefore,resultantvelocityalong AB is
y x x (a – x )
or ∫ 0 dy = ∫ 0 a 2 dx v y = v sin α
dy
or = (2v 0) sin α
x2 x3 dt
or y= – …(3)
2a 3 a 2
(2v 0) 4w 2 – {w + ( 3 – 1)y} 2
Thisisthedesiredequationoftrajectory. =
2w
(b) Timetakentocrosstheriveris v0
a a = 4w – {w + ( 3 – 1)y} 2
2
t = = w
vx v w dy v t
(c) When the boatman reaches the opposite
or ∫0 4w – {w + ( 3 – 1)y}
2 2
= 0 ∫ dt
w 0
side, x = a or v y = 0 (fromequation1)
Hence resultant velocity of boatman is v solvingthis,weget
along positive x-axis or due east. wπ
t =
(d) Fromequation(3) 6 ( 3 – 1) v 0
a2 a3 a forintegration,apply
y= – =
2a 3a 2 6 dx x
at x = a (atoppositebank) ∫ a −x
2 2
= sin −1
a
Hencedisplacementofboatmanwillbe
(b) When the boatman reaches the opposite
→ → a bank:
s = x i$ + y $j or s = a i$ + $j
6 y = w or v R = 3 v 0 or v cos α = v R
→ 3–1 Hence, (2v 0) cos α = 3 v0
30. (a)Given |v R| = v 0 1 + y
w 3
or cos α = or α = 30°
→ 2
and | v | = 2v 0 Henceresultantvelocitywillbe
B
v y = v sin α = (2v 0) sin 30°
v
Y or vy = v0
w α vR
→
y
X 31. Let – v B makes an angle θ with the line CD (a
lineperpendiculartoAB).
A → → →
v AB or v A – v B is along AB i.e. components of
Resultant velocity of boatman should be along
→ →
AB or perpendicular to AB components of v v AB perpendicular to AB or along CD is zero.
146 ProblemsinPhysics
Hence v cos α = 2v cos θ u 2 sin 2 θ
or h= …(1)
or cos α = 2 cos θ …(1) 2g cos α
Intriangle OAB Atpoint B
sin α sin (180° – θ) (i) v x = 0 = u x + a x t = (u cos θ) – (g sin α) t
=
r 2r u cos θ
→
or t=
vA = v g sin α
C α
1
A (ii) s y = – h = u y t + ay t 2
2
2r α θ 1
–θ
h = – (u Y t + a Y t 2) .
90 o
D or
→ CD AB 2
θ –vB = 2v
O r B u cos θ
or h = – u sin θ ⋅
g sin α
u cos θ
2
1
– g cos α …(2)
2 g sin α
3a
BG = EH = a sin 60° =
A °
2
h 90 R – a – 2a cos 60°
OG =
h 2
B
u
θ R – 2a
α =
O
2
Atpoint A: s y = h and v y = 0 thereforecoordinatesof B and C wouldbe
hence v y2 = u y2 + 2a y s y R – 2a 3a R – a
B≡ , , C≡ , 3a
2 2 2
or 0 = (u sin θ)2 – 2g cos α ⋅ h
Solutions 147
equation of projectile in terms of R can be β π
α1 = +
writtenas 2 4
x β π
y = x 1 – tan θ …(1) 2u sin + – β
R 2 4
∴ T1 =
Satisfying co-ordinates of B and C with g cos β
equation(1)wecanfindthat π β
2u sin –
3 4 2
cos θ = = …(4)
31 g cos β
vmax u 1 31 Similarly, time period of particle projected
Now, = = =
vmin u cos θ cos θ 3 downtheplaneis
2u sin (α 2 + β)
34. (a)Themaximumrangeuptheplaneis T2 =
g cos β
u2
R1 = …(1) where α 2 = angle of initial velocity with
g (1 + sin β)
horizontal.
where u = initialspeedofparticleand Formaximumrange
β = angleofinclinationofplane. π β
Similarly the maximum range down the plane α2 = –
4 2
is
π β
u2 2u sin – + β
R2 = …(2) 4 2
g (1 – sin β) Hence T2 =
g cos β
andmaximumrangeongroundis
π β
u2 2u sin +
R= …(3) 4 2
g T2 = …(5)
g cos β
Giventhat Giventhat,
R1 + R2 = 2 (R + R) = 4 R T2 – T1 = 2 second
u2 u2 4u 2 2u
or + = or [sin (π/ 4 + β/ 2)
g (1 + sin β) g (1 – sin β) g g cos β
1 1 – sin (π/ 4 – β/ 2)] = 2
or + =4
1 + sin β 1 – sin β π
Substituting β = 45° or
2 1 4
or =4 or =2
1 – sin 2 β cos2 β Weget
1 g cos (π/ 4)
or cos β = ∴ β = 45 ° u=
2 3π π
sin – sin
(b) Time period of particle projected up the 8 8
planeis or u = 12.8 m/s
2u sin (α1 – β)
T1 = 35. (a) Since the resultant velocity is always
g cos β perpendicular to the line joining boat and
where α1 = angle of initial velocity with R, the boat is moving in a circle of radius
horizontal 2ω andcentreat R.
Formaximumrange (b) Drifting = Qs = 4ω 2 − ω 2 = 3ω.
148 ProblemsinPhysics
R x2
x− =h − x
w 2w 10
x2
or − 2x + h = 0 …(3)
S 10
Q
Thisisintheform,
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
P Body just touches the roof only when there is
(c) Suppose at any arbitrary time, the boat is only one point of intersection and this is
atpoint B. possible only when equation (3) has only one
root.
R
60°
∴ b2 − 4 ac = 0
4h
q
S or 4− =0
10
Q v
q
vr
∴ h = 10 m
q
v 37. Let us take the origin as shown in figure. Mid
B
point of CD is the origin O. Since the path is
parabolic,lettheequationbe,
P
v r = 2v cos θ
dθ v r v cos θ C D
= = O y
dt 2ω ω
ω
or sec θ dθ = dt
v B E
t ω 60°
∴ ∫ 0 dt = v ∫ 0 sec θ . dθ
ω ° I
∴ t = [ln (sec θ + tan θ)]60
0
G A F H
v
x
1.317ω
or t=
v y = m (x + b)
2
…(1)
36. Equation of trajectory of the body as a Here m and b are unknowns. From geometry
projectileis, wecanseethat
y = x tan 45° −
10
x2 a 3a
D ≡ 0, and E≡ , a
2 × (10) cos2 45°
2
2 2
x2
or y=x− …(1) These co-ordinates should satisfy equation (1).
10 Sowecanfind,
Equation of the inclined roof as a straight line is, 3a a
m= and b=
y = − (tan 45° ) x + h 2 2 3
or y=h − x …(2) ∴ Equationofparabolashouldbe
Solving (1) and (2) for the point of intersection, 3a a
weget: y2 = x + …(2)
2 2 3
Solutions 149
Now if R be the range (= GH ), the co-ordinates ∴ v0 = 26 ms−1
R R
of H = OI , or 3a, will satisfy the and θ = tan −1 5 with x-axis.
2 2
R 40. Iftheymeetadistance ‘ x ’ from ‘ C’,wehave
above equation. Putting x = 3a and y = in
2 (2v 0 sin θ) t = x …(1)
aboveequationweget, and (4 d − x ) = v 0t …(2)
R = 7a 4d
or t=
v 0 (1 + 2 sin θ)
38. Equationofball,
from(1)and(2)
y N
VIII th Alsowehave,
P VIIth 1 2
VIth d tan θ + (2v 0 cos θ) t − gt = 0
V th 2
IVth Substitutingvalueof ‘ t’,weget
IIIrd
53° 8d cos θ 8gd 2
M IInd x d tan θ + = 2
O Ist (110, 0) 1 + 2 sin θ v 0 (1 + 2 sin θ)2
Ground
level 110 m 8gd
or v 02 =
gx 2 (1 + 2 sin θ) [8 cos θt
y = x tan θ −
2u cos2 θ
2 + tan θ (1 + 2 sin θ)]
Substitutingthevalues, 8gd
⇒ v0 =
y = 1.33x − 0.0113x 2 …(1) (1 + 2 sin θ) [8 cos θt
+ tan θ (1 + 2 sin θ)]
Slope of line MN is 1 and it passes through
point (110 m, 0). Hence the equation of this 41. Let the projectile strikes the circular path at
linecanbewrittenas, (x , y) and ‘ A’ to be taken as origin. From the
figure co-ordinates of the centre of the circular
y = x − 110 …(2)
path is (300, 150). Then the equation of the
Point of intersection of two curves is say P. circularpathis
Solving (1) and (2) we get positive value of y Y
equalto4.5m. D C
v 0 sin θ × t −
1 2 1 2
gt + gt = 10 (x − 300)2 + (y − 150)2 = (150)2 …(1)
2 2 andtheequationofthetrajectoryis
⇒ v 0 sin θ × t = 10 …(2) 1 gx 2
y = x tan 30° −
Fromequation(1)and(2) 2 (68)2 cos2 30°
v 0 cos θ = 1
x 2x 2 g
v 0 sin θ = 5 y= − …(2)
3 9248
tan θ = 5 FromEqs.(1)and(2)weget
150 ProblemsinPhysics
x = 373 m; y ≈ 18.75 m N
∴ 1 division on vernier scale = a units
Note: Had there been no solution, the projectile would
N + 1
notstrikethecircularpart. = a ′ (say)
42. Young’smodulusofelasticityisgivenby, Leastcount = 1 mainscaledivision
stress F / A FL FL − 1 vernierscaledivision
Y= = = =
strain l /L lA πd 2 N a
l = a − a′ = a − a=
4 N + 1 N+1
v B = v Bx
2
+ v By
2 Substituting t = 1s in (1) and (2), we get
u sin θ = 6.25 m/s or u y = 6.25 m/s
3 −1
= 1 + tan 2 φ and u cos θ = 375
. m /s or u x = 375
. m /s
tan φ − 1
→
3 −1 therefore, u = u x i$ + u y $j
= sec φ
tan φ − 1 →
or u = (3.75 i$ + 6.25 $j) m/s
substituting φ = 60°,weget
Most of the problems of projectile motion are
3 −1
vB = sec 60° easily solved by breaking the motion of the
tan 60° − 1 particle in two suitable mutually perpendicular
3 −1 directions, say x and y. Find u x , u y , a x and a y
= ⋅2 andthenapply
3 −1
v x = u x + a x t;
v B = 2 m/s
1
s y = u y t + a y t 2 etc.
46. Let ‘t’ be the time after which the stone hits the 2
object and θ be the angle which the velocity k
→ 47. (a) Given F (x ) = –
vector u makes with horizontal. According to 2x 2
question,wehavefollowingthreeconditions here k and x 2 are always positive hence F is
(i)Verticaldisplacementofstoneis1.25m always negative (whether x is positive or
1 negative)
∴ 1.25 = (u sin θ)t − gt 2
2 B F(x) A
where g = 10 m/s 2
x=0 x = 0.5 m x = 1.0 m
v=v t=0
or (u sin θ) t = 1.25 + 5t 2 …(1) v=0
(ii) Horizontal displacement of stone = 3 + F (x )
a(x ) =
displacementofobject A m
1 substitutingthevalues,wehave
∴ (u cos θ) t = 3 + at 2 where a = 1.5 m/s2
2 –k 10–2 1
a= =– =–
or (u cos θ) t = 3 + 075
. t 2
…(2) 2mx 2
2 × 10 –2
×x 2
2x 2
(iii) Horizontal component of velocity (of stone) dv 1 1 dx
or v ⋅ =– or vdv = –
= vertical component (because velocity dx 2x 2 2 x2
vector is inclined at 45° with horizontal) v 1 x = 0. 5 dx
∴ (u cos θ) = gt − (u sin θ) …(3)
or ∫ 0 vdv = – 2 ∫ x = 1. 0 x2
(The right hand side is written gt − u sin θ v2 1 1
x = 0. 5
g cos θ
1 1 1– x
or v2 = – =
x 1.0 x
(c)
dx 1– x The only difference is that g will be replaced by
or v = – =
dt x g cos θ
u 2 sin 2α
x ∴ PQ = range (R) =
or ∫ 1– x
dx = – ∫ dt g cos θ
u 2 sin 2α
0. 25 x t PQ =
or ∫1 1– x
dx = – ∫ dt
0 g cos θ
(b) Horizontal displacement of particle with
solvingthis,weget t = 1.48 s
respect to ground is zero. This implies that
Note: Forintegrationmakethesubstitution x = sin2 θ initial velocity of particle with respect to
ground is in vertical direction or there is no
48. (a) Accelerations of particle and box are horizontal component of the absolute
showninfigures(a)and(b). velocityoftheparticle.
i
j Velocity of particle with respect to box
(figured)
u sin (α+θ)
j u
g sin θ
α
i θ
g cos θ
u cos (α+θ)
θ
θ
(a)
(d)
= u cos (α + θ) i$ + u sin (α + θ) $j
velocityofbox = – v cos θ i$ – v sin θ $j
g sin θ
Here v is the velocity of the box down the plane
(figuree).Then
θ velocityofparticlewithrespecttoground
= {u cos (α + θ) – v cos θ} i$
(b)
+ {u sin (α + θ) – v sin θ} $j
Accelerationofparticlewithrespecttobox
= acceleration of particle – acceleration of block
= (g sin θ i$ + g cos θ $j ) – (g sin θ) i$ v cos θ
θ
= g cos θ $j v
v sin θ
Now motion of particle with respect to box will θ
beaprojectileasshowninfigure(c).
(e)
Solutions 153
Now as we said earlier that horizontal conservationofenergy,wehave
component of absolute velocity should be zero. 2
0 = v 0 – 2gL
Therefore, 2
v0 (2.5)2
u cos (α + θ) – v cos θ = 0 ∴ L= = = 0.32 m
2g 2(9.8)
u cos (α + θ)
or v = (downtheplane) Hence length of the string is 0.32 m.
cos θ
49. (i) Let i$, $j and k$ be the unit vectors along x , y 50. u = 5 3 m /s
and z directionsrespectively.Given
1
→ ∴ u cos 60° = (5 3) m/s
v cart = 4 i$ m/s 2
→ = 2.5 3 m/s
∴ v stone, cart = (6 sin 30° ) $j + (6 cos 30° ) k$
3
= (3 $j + 3 3 k$) m/s and u sin 60° = (5 3) m/s = 7.5 m/s
2
→ → →
v stone = v stone, cart + v cart Y
u 2
(Fromequation3)
∴ y = 10 − h = (10 − 5) = 5 m
Hence (ii)Timeofcollision,
(a)Timeintervalbetweenthefirings AC
t= →
= t2 − t1 = (2 − 1) s | v CA|
∆t = 1 s →
(b) Coordinatesofpoint | v CA| = (v CAx )2 + (v CAy )2
P = (x , y) = (5 3 m, 5 m) = { 5 − (−10)} 2 + { 5 3 − 0} 2
2
51. (i) Acceleration of A and C both is 9.8 m/s
= 10 3 m/s
downwards. Therefore, relative acceler-
aton between them is zero i.e. the relative CA = (10)2 + (10 3)2 = 20 m
motion between them will be uniform. 20 2
Now assuming A to be at rest, the ∴ t= = s
10 3 3
condition of collision will be that
→ → → Horizontal (or x) component of momentum of
v CA = v C − v A = relative velocity of C
A, i.e., p Ax = mv Ax = − 10 m. Similarly, x
w.r.t. A, shouldbealong CA componentofmomentumof C i.e.
(vCA)x C pCx = (2m)v Cx
–v
A
=v
C (vCA)y 10 m = (2m)(5) = + 10 m
v CA
A
est) Since p Ax + pCx = 0
(R E
C
d vcx
30 m
20m
A vAx
B D
P 2s
X t =—
√3
Y
B F D
(v CA)yCE 10
∴ = =
(v CA)x AE d d1 d2
v Cy − v Ay 10
or = i.e. x-component of momentum of combined
v Cx − v Ax d mass after collision will also be zero, i.e. the
5 3 − 0 10 combined mass will have the momentum or
or = velocityinverticalor y-directiononly.
5 − (−10) d
Hence the combined mass will fall at point F
∴ d = 10 3 m ≈ 17.32 m justbelowthepointofcollision P.
Solutions 155
Here d1 =|(v Ax )| t (4 M )v 2
Hence 4 Mg cos 60° =
2 l
= (10) = 11.55 m
3 g 50
or v2 = l=
∴ d 2 = (d − d1) 2 3
= (17.32 − 11.55) m = 577 10
. m (as l = m and g = 10 m/s2) …(2)
3
d 2 shouldalsobeequalto
2 Also v 2 = V 2 – 2gh
|v Cx| t = (5) = 577
. m
3 3
or v 2 = V 2 – 2g l
2
Therefore, position where the objects hit
the ground from B is d1 i.e. 11.55 m and 10
or v 2 = V 2 – 3 (10)
from D is d 2 or 5.77 m. 3
52. (a) At the highest point, velocity of bullet is or v 2 = V 2 – 100 …(3)
50 cos θ. So by conservation of linear
Solving(1),(2)and(3)weget
momentum
v cos θ = 0.86 or θ ≈ 30 °
B
Range 1 u 2 sin 2θ
Y
60° 4 Mg
h = l (1 + cos 60°)
(b) x = =
2 2 g
120° 3
=—
2 l
50 × 50 × 3
=
50 m/s 2 × 10 × 2
V
A = 108.25 m
y
θ u 2 sin 2 θ
O x
X y=H =
2g
M (50 cos θ) = 4 MV 50 × 50 × 1
=
50 2 × 10 × 4
∴ V = cos θ …(1)
4
= 31.25 m
Atpoint B, T = 0 but v ≠ 0 Hence the desired coordinates are
(108.25 m, 31.25 m)
CHAPTER
2 LAWS OF MOTION
=
1
[2Mh – mgt 2] a 31 = a 3 – a1 = – 5 m/s 2
2 (M + m)
or y – z – 2x = – 5 …(2)
The distance of the second man from the pulley a 34 = a 3 – a 4 = 0
=h – s
or 2y – z = 0 …(3)
1
=h– [2Mh – mgt 2] Solvingthesethreeequationswefind
2 (M + m)
x = 2 m /s2, y = 1 m /s2
1 mgt 2
= Mh + mh – Mh +
(M + m) 2 and z = 2 m /s2
m gt 2 or a1 = 2 m/s 2 (upwards)
= + h a 2 = 1 m/s 2 (upwards)
( M + m) 2
54. Let acceleration of block 1 and pulley P2 a 3 = – 3 m/s 2 (downwards)
1000 x 10 = 10,000 N E
(a)
F
T3 T4 B
60°
L1 = x A + x E + (x E – x D ) + C1 …(1)
Fx
Here L1 = lengthofstring1
Fy and C1 = lengthofstring1overpulleys.
T2 Differentiating equation (1) twice with respect
T3 totime,weget
(b) (c)
0 = a A + 2a E – a D …(2)
Let r A = radiusofpulley A
Similarly
Equilibrium of moments about centre of pulley
gives L2 = 2x D + x C + C 2
T1r A – T2 r A = 0 or 0 = 2a D + a C …(3)
or T1 = T2 …(1) Multiplying equation (2) by 2 and then adding
withequation(3),weget
Σ Fy = 0
4 a E + 2a A + a C = 0
Hence T1 + T2 = 10, 000 N …(2)
but aE = aB
Solving(1)and(2),weget
Hence 2a A + 4a B + a C = 0
T1 = T2 = 5000 N …(3)
Free body diagram of pulley B is shown in 57. Inthefigurewecanseethat
figure(b) x y
Inthesimilarmannerwecanfindthat
T F
T3 = T4 = 2 = 2500 N …(4) A B
2
Free body diagram of pulley C is shown in
figure(c).
4 x + 3y = constant
Momentequilibriumrequiresthat
Differentiatingthiswithrespecttotime,
F = T3 = 2500 N
wehave
Now Fx = F cos 60° = 1250 N dx dy
4 +3 =0
and Fy = T3 – F sin 60° dt dt
3 dx dy
= 2500 – 2500 = 335 N or 4 = – 3
2 dt dt
∴ magnitude of total force on the bearing of Here negative sign implies that as x decreases y
pulley C is Fx2 + Fy2 or 1294 N. increases.
158 ProblemsinPhysics
Hence 4v A = 3v B 1
or h = R cos θ – …(1)
3 2
or v A = vB …(1)
4 Velocityofbeadinthispositionwouldbe
3 1
= (2) m/s = 1.5 m/s v 2 = 2gh = 2gR cos θ – …(2)
4 2
Hence v BA = v B – v A
mv 2
= (2.0 – 1.5) m/s = 0.5 m/s Further F + N – mg cos θ =
R
(towardsright) mg 1
∴ + N – mg cos θ = 2mg cos θ –
Differentiating(1)withrespecttotime,weget 2 2
3 3
a A = a B = (3) m/s2 = 2.25 m/s2 1
4 4 N = 3 mg cos θ –
2
Hence a BA = a B – a A
Tangentialaccelerationofthebeadwillbe
= (3.0 – 2.25) m/s2 mg sin θ
at = = g sin θ
or a BA = 0.75 m/s 2 (towardsright) m
3g
Velocityofpoint C : At θ = 60° , N = 0 and a t =
2
vA
3 mg
Q
andat θ = 0°, N = and a t = 0
2
A C B
Hence N and a t varieswith θ as:
N at
v Q = v B = 2 m /s (towardsright) 3mg √3 g
— —
2 2
Letvelocityof C is v C (towardsright)
Then 2v A – v C = v Q
θ θ
or 2(1.5) – v C = 2 60° 0° 60° 0°
A NB
°
W
Hencespringforce, 1N B
—
2mg R mg
B
2
F = kx = = 1
µ=—
R 4 2 2
Weight W = 50 x 10 = 500 N
Free body diagram of the bead at angle θ is
showninfigure. Taking moments about axes through A, B and
O (whicharenotcollinear)wehave
Here h = R (cos θ – cos 60° )
Solutions 159
Σ MA = 0 and 2T2 = T1
3R 1 or T 2 = 5t …(2)
or F + N B R – N B R
2 2 Block A startsmovingupat
500 3 T1 = m Ag
– R = 0 …(1)
2 or 10t = 10 or t = 1 s
Σ MB = 0 Block B startsmovingupat
3 R T 2 = mB g
or F R + R + 500 – N AR
2 2 or 5t = 20 or t = 4s
1 andblock C startsmovingupat
– N AR = 0 …(2)
2 T 2 = mC g
ΣM O = 0 or 5t = 10 or t= 2s
1 1 Accelerationofblock C atanytime t ≥ 2 s is
or FR – N AR – N B R = 0 …(3)
2 2 T – mC g
ac = 2 = (5t – 10)
Fromequation(1) 1
N B = 500 3 – 3F or
dv c
= (5t – 10)
dt
Fromequation(2)
vc t
3 N A = 500 + F ( 3 + 2) or ∫0 dv c = ∫ (5t – 10) dt
2
andfromequation(3) t
5t 2
2F = N A + N B or vC = – 10t
1 2 2
Hence 2F = (500 + 2F + 3F )
3 or v C = 2.5t 2 – 10t + 10 …(3)
+ 500 3 – 3F Substitutingv C = 2.5 m/s in the above equation
11 + 20 3 (3)
or F= 500 weget t = 3 s.
83
For time t ≥ 1 s velocity of block A can be found
or F = 275 N asfollows:
T − m Ag
60. Let T1 and T2 be the tensions in the strings as aA = 1 = (10t − 10)
showninfigure.Then mA
2T1 = F or 2T1 = 20 t dv A
or = (10t − 10)
or T1 = 10 t …(1) dt
F = 20 t or dv A = (10t − 10) dt
velocityattime t = 3 s willbe
vA 3
∫0 dv A = ∫ 1 (10t − 10) dt
T1 T1
or v A = [5t 2 − 10t]13 or v A = 20 m/s
Velocity of block B at time t = 3 s is zero
T2 T2 because it starts moving up at t = 4 s. Hence
relative velocity between blocks B and A
A B C
atthedesiredinstantis20m/s.
160 ProblemsinPhysics
61. Maximumvelocityofbelt 62. When there is no tendency to slip, no
= (1.3)(2) m/s = 2.6 m/s. frictionalforceacts.Hence
The velocity-time graph of the belt till it comes m (28)2
N sin θ = …(1)
torestisshowninfigure. 200
v (m/s) and N cos θ = mg …(2)
dividing(1)by(2),weget
2.6
tan θ = 0.4 …(3)
N
t (s)
1.3 m(28)2 θ
—
t0 200
Totaldisplacementofbeltis2.2m.
mg
Hence area under velocity-time graph should
θ
be2.2m
1
or (t0)(2.6) = 2.2 At speed 35 m/s, car has a tendency to slip up
2
the track. Hence frictional force will act down
or t0 = 1.692 s
theplane.
Hencethetimeofretardationwillbe Therefore,
t = t0 – 1.3 = 1.692 – 1.3 m(35)2
N ′ sin θ + µN ′ cos θ = …(4)
t = 0.392 s 200
andretardationofbelt, and N ′ cos θ – µN ′ sin θ = mg …(5)
2.6
a2 = m/s2 = 6.63 m/s2 N′
0.392
2
m(35)
Now during acceleration, there will be no —
200 θ
relative motion between the block and the belt
µN′
because
mg
µ s g = (0.35) × 10 m/s2 θ
Dividing(1)by(2)weget
kx
K tan 60° = …(3)
O mg
60°
60° A B Substitutingthevaluesof k and x weget
1
D E C F R 1 +
mg 3
or 3 = η
R R mg
Inthefigure
BC = OC – OB 3
or η=
1
R 1+
= R – R cos 60° = R – 3
2
R or η = 1.098
BC =
2 So, minimum value of η is 1.098
3 (ii) Considering equilibrium of (wedge +
AB = R sin 60° = R
2 sphere)
AD BC R N′ = k x
DE = AD cot 60° = = =
3 3 2 3
∴ EC = DC – DE = AB – DE
3R R R kx
= – = N′
2 2 3 3
R 1
∴ FE = FC + EC = R + = R 1 +
3 3
∴ Compressioninthespring where N′ = normal reaction between the
sphereandtherightwall
1
x = FE = R 1 + = mg tan 60° (fromequation3)
3
or N′ = 3 mg
Now drawing free body diagram of wedge and
sphere in equilibrium we get (only those forces 69. Let acceleration of block A down the
are shown which are important for calculation) slope is a (absolute) and acceleration of
N = normal reaction between wedge and sphere block B relativetoblock A is a r .
Equilibriumofwedgegives Free body diagram of A with respect to ground
kx = N sin 60 ° …(1) isasshowninfigure(a).
164 ProblemsinPhysics
y
Fromconstraintequationwecanshowthat
a x a = ar …(1)
N1 Free body diagram of A with respect to ground
is as shown in figure (a) (only those forces,
whichareparalleltoplanehavebeenshown).
125 + N – T = 25a …(2)
30°
30 °
a
30° T
N2 22 x 10 = 220 N
(a) °
30
g sin N N
25 125
Note that block A is shown by a dot just for =
betterunderstandingofforcediagram.
Here N1 = normal reaction between block A 30°
andwedge. (a)
and N 2 = normal reaction between blocks A
and B. Here N is the normal reaction between the
Σ Fx = 22a blocks.
Free body diagram of block B with respect to
∴ 220 sin 30 + N 2 sin 60° = 22a
°
block A isshowninfigure(b)
or 110 + 0.87 N 2 = 22 a …(1)
y
Free body diagram of B with respect to A is T ar 5 a
showninfigure(b). N +1
x
y N2
Pseudo force
= 10a °
x 30
g sin N
60° 15 = 75
15 g cos 30°
30°
= 130 N
o
10 x 10 = 100 N 30
60 – N 2 = 6a 2 …(2)
(c) Also a 2 = a1 sin 30°
Hence or a 2 = 0.5a1 …(3)
Accelerationof A = a = 1.272 m/s 2 solvingequations(1),(2)and(3),weget
(downtheplane) a1 = 6.36 m/s2
aB The vertical component of acceleration of B
15 o relative to A is zero. There is only horizontal
Horizontal
component of relative acceleration between
(d) the two which is equal to a1 cos 30° or 5.5 m/s2
Hence, acceleration of A is 6.36 m/s 2
Accelerationof B = a B = 1.8 m/s 2
o (down the plane) and acceleration of B
(at15 withhorizontal) relative to A is 5.5 m/s 2 in horizontal
andTensioninthestring, T = 149 N direction (towards right)
72. (a)Sincethecylinderisnotslidingdown,
71. Let acceleration of A is a1 (down the plane) and
totalfrictionalforce = netdownward force
accelerationof B is a 2 (verticallydownwards)
Free body diagram of A relative to ground is orfrictionalforce F actingononeside
showninfigure(a). mg sin 30° (10) (9.8) (1/ 2)
= =
y 2 2
a1 x F = 24.5 N
N1 (b) By symmetry, normal reactions on both
A sideswillbeequal.Hence
5N
o =7 √2 N
3 0
g sin N N
mA mAg cos 30°
N2 = 130 N
30°
mg cos 30°
(a)
Then
mv 2
N1 – mg sin θ =
l 7l R
s = 3l + =
2 2
Solutions 167
or N1 – mg sin θ =
m (2gR sin θ) or θ = 32.3°
R 3 sin (64.6 ° )
∴ µ max = = 0.474
or N1 = 3 mg sin θ …(1) 4 + 6 sin 2 (32.3 ° )
Horizontal force exerted by the particle on the (fromequation4)
wedgeatthisinstantis
75. Beforethefirstcollisionoccurs
retardationof A, a A = µ 1g
andretardationof B, a B = µ 2g
N1cos θ
Since µ 2 > µ 1, therefore, a B > a A or B will
θ retard more rapidly. Relative initial velocity
between the two is zero, but relative
N1
N1 sin θ acceleration of A with respect to B is a B – a A or
N2 (µ 2 – µ 1) g. Till first collision relative
displacement of A is L – l . So, if T1 is the time of
Mg
firstcollision,then
F = N1 cos θ = (3 mg sin θ)(cos θ) 1
3 (L – l ) = (µ 2 – µ 1) gT12
or F = mg (2 sin θ cos θ) 2
2
2 (L – l )
3 or T1 = …(1)
or F = mg sin 2θ …(2) (µ 2 – µ 1) g
2
and N 2 = Mg + N1 sin θ …(3) Velocitiesof A and B justbeforecollisionare
underlimitingconditions: v1 = v 0 – µ 1gT1 and v 2 = v 0 – µ 2gT1
F = µ N2 Since µ 2 > µ 1,
3 Hence v 2 < v1
mg sin 2θ
F 2
or µ = = Since the collision is elastic and both have
N 2 Mg + 3mg sin 2 θ equalmasses,theyexchangetheirvelocities.
(fromequations1,2and3) By repeating the same procedure, we can show
that the period of next collision T2 is equal to T1
Substituting
and so on. Hence the time between subsequent
m = 2Kg and M = 4Kg collision T is a constant and is given by
3 sin 2θ
µ= …(4) 2 ( L – l)
4 + 6 sin 2 θ T =
(µ 2 – µ 1 ) g
dµ
For µ tobemaximum =0 76. Consider the point mass moving in the x-y
dθ
plane around an ellipse with semi-major axes a
(4 + 6 sin 2 θ) (6 cos 2θ) and b accordingtotheequations.
− (3 sin 2θ) (12 sin θ cos θ) x = a cos ωt and y = b sin ωt
or =0
(4 + 6 sin 2 θ)2 At t = 0, the mass is moving at the end of the
or 12 cos 2θ + 9 cos 2θ − 9 cos2 2θ majoraxiswith
− 9 + 9 cos2 2θ = 0 velocity v = bω
or 21 cos 2θ = 9 and acceleration A = aω 2
9 Ontheotherendtheaccelerationis,
or cos 2θ =
21 v2
or 2θ = 64.6° A=
R
168 ProblemsinPhysics
b2 mv 2
So,theradiusofcurvatureis R= . N=
a 2r
Similarly we find the radius of curvature at the Forceoffriction,
a2
endoftheminoraxestobe . µmv 2
b f = µN =
2r
mv 2
Using F = , with the given data we obtain, ∴ Tangentialretardationofparticle,
R
b2 a2 f µv 2
= 1.25 m and = 10 m andhence, a= =
a b m/ 2 r
2a = 10 m and 2b = 5 m Substituting µ = 0.5 and r = 1 m
v2
77. Fortheparticle,tangentialretardation a=
2
a = µg = 5 m / s2
dv v 2
Fordiscangularacceleration Now, − =
dt 2
m
µ gr − 2∫
v t
α=
2 ∴
10 m / s
v −2dv = ∫0 dt
1
mr 2 1 1
2 ∴ 2 − = t
v 10
µg
or α= = 5 rad / s2 10
r or v= …(1)
1 + 5t
Let after time t, relative motion between
particleanddiscisstopped,then Forthedisc,angularacceleration,
v = rω f .r 2f
α= =
1 mr
or (u − at) = r (αt) mr 2
u 2
∴ t= µmv 2 1
a + rα = 2
Substitutingthevaluesweget, 2r mr
t = 1 sec Substitutingthevaluesweget
From t = 0 to t = 1 sec particle has rotated an v2
α=
angle, 2
1 2
ut − at Substituting values of v from equation (1), we
s 2
θ1 = = have
r r 50
α=
Substitutingthevaluesweget (1 + 5t)2
θ1 = 7.5 rad dω 50
From t = 1 sec to t = 2 sec or =
dt (1 + 5t)2
θ 2 = (ω) t ω t 50dt
= (5 × 1) × 1 = 5 rad ∴ ∫0 dω = ∫0 (1 + 5t)2
∴ θ Total = θ1 + θ 2 = 12.5 rad
5t
78. If after time ‘ t’ velocity of particle is v and N is ∴ ω = 10 …(2)
the normal reaction between the particle and 1 + 5t
thewall.Then, Relativemotionwillstopwhen,
Solutions 169
v = rω ⇒ x = 8.5 × 10−3 m
From(1)and(2)with r = 1 m Energystoredinthespring
5t 1 1 1
= = kx 2 = × 1800 × (8.5 × 10−3)2
1 + 5t 1 + 5t 2 2
or t =
1
sec = 0.065 J
5
80. Accelerationof A downtheplane,
79. T − mB a − µmB g cos θ − mB g sin θ = 0
a A = g sin 45° − µ A g cos 45°
T = mB (a + µg cos θ + g sin θ) 1 1
= (10) − (0.2) (10)
2 2
B A = 4 2 m/s2
C
g/2 m/s2 Similarlyaccelerationof B downtheplane,
a B = g sin 45° − µ B g cos 45°
1 1
= 10 − (0.3) (10)
30° 2 2
= 3.5 2 m/s2
T
T
The front face of A and B will come in a line
m Ba B f when,
s A = sB + 2
A
mBg sin q f 1 1
or a At 2 = a B t 2 + 2
m Ag 2 2
1 1
g or × 4 2 × t 2 = × 3.5 2 × t 2 + 2
T = mB + µg cos θ + g sin θ 2 2
2
Solvingthisequationweget
1 3 1
= mB g + 0.2 × + t = 2 second
2 2 2
Further,
3 10 + 3 1 1
= mB g 1 + = mB g …(1) s A = a At 2 = × 4 2 × (2)2 = 8 2 m
10 10 2 2
T = m Ag cos θ − µN where N = m Aa Hence, both the blocks will come in a line after
T = m Ag cos θ − µm Aa A has travelled a distance 8 2 m down the
plane.
= m A (g cos θ − µa)
81. Given m1 = 20 kg, m2 = 5 kg, M = 50 kg,
g 3 g
= mA − 0.2 × …(2) µ = 0.3 and g = 10 m/s2
2 2 T N1
10 + 3 g T
mB g = m A ( 3 − 0.2)
10 2 F
T
mB = 0.65m A = 1.30 kg Mg
T
g
T = kx = m A ( 3 − 0.2)
2 N
170 ProblemsinPhysics
a
(a) Free body diagram of mass M is given
below T a
m1
m2 T
(b) Themaximumvalueof f1 is f1 f2
( f1)max = (0.3)(20)(10) = 60 N f1 = 30 N f2 = 15 N
Themaximumvalueof f 2 is f1 = 30 N a
( f 2)max = (0.3)(5)(10) = 15 N
Forces on m1 and m2 in horizontal direction are
asfollows M F
T
m1
m2 T Solving these three equations, we get
f1 f2
F = 60 N
Nowthereareonlytwopossibilities:
3
(1) either both m1 and m2 will remain T = 18 N and a = m/s 2
stationary(w.r.t.ground)or 5
(2) both m1 and m2 willmove(w.r.t.ground) (1) Friction always opposes the relative
Firstcaseispossiblewhen motionbetweentwosurfacesincontact.
T ≤ ( f1) max or T ≤ 60 N (2) Whenever there is relative motion between
and T ≤ ( f 2) max or T ≤ 15 N two surfaces in contact, always maximum
friction (kinetic) acts, but if there is no
These conditions will be satisfied when
relative motion, then frictional force (f)
T ≤ 15 N
may be less than its limiting value also. So,
say T = 14 N then f1 = f 2 = T = 14 N don’tapplymaximumforce.
Therefore, the condition f1 = 2 f 2 will not be 82. Given m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 5 kg, ω = 10 rad/s
satisfied. Thus m1 and m2 both can’t remain
stationary.
In the second case, when m1 and m2 both move
ω
f 2 = ( f 2)max = 15 N m1 m2
∴ f1 = 2 f 2 = 30 N r1 O r2
Now since f1 < ( f1)max , there is no relative r
motion between m1 and M i.e., all the masses
movewithsameacceleration, say‘a’.
∴ f 2 = 15 N r = 0.3 m , r1 = 0124
. m
and f1 = 30 N ∴ r2 = r − r1 = 0176
. m …(1)
Free body diagrams showing the forces which Masses m1 and m2 are at rest with respect to
are responsible for motion of the masses and rotating table. Let f be the friction between
equations ofmotionareasfollows: mass m1 andtable.
Free body diagrams of m1 and m2 with respect
For m 1 30 − T = 20 a …(1)
to table (non intertial frame of reference are
For m 2 T − 15 = 5 a …(2) showninfigures).
For M F − 30 = 50 a …(3)
Solutions 171
m2 m1
T f T i.e., mass m2 should be placed at 0.2 m
and m1 at 0.1 from the centre O.
F 2 = m 2r 2ω 2 F 1 = m 1 r1ω 2
(Pseudo force) (Pseudo force) 83. (i) CP = CO = Radiusofcircle(R)
From(1)and(2),weget
(a)
f = m1 r1 ω 2 − m2 r2 ω 2 …(3)
= (m1 r1 − m2 r2) ω 2 Therefore, ∆ OCP isanequilateraltriangle.
Hence OP = R
= (10 × 0124
. − 5 × 0176
. ) (10)2 newton Naturallengthofspringis 3R/ 4.
f = 36 N ∴ Extensioninthespring,
3R R
Therefore, frictional force on m1 is 36N x=R– =
4 4
(inwards).
(ii)From equation(3) ⇒ Springforce,
f = (m1 r1 − m2 r2) ω 2 mg R mg
F = kx = =
R 4 4
Masses will start slipping when this force is
greaterthan fmax or The free body diagram of the ring is shown in
figure(b).
(m1 r1 − m2 r2) ω > fmax > µ m1g
2
∴ Minimumvalueof ω is
µm1 g
ωmin =
m1 r1 − m2 r2
C
0.5 × 10 × 9.8 N
= P
10 × 0124
. − 5 × 0176
. F
O mg
ωmin = 11.67 rad/s
(iii) From equation (3), frictional force f = 0 (b)
when m1 r1 = m2 r2 mg
Here F = kx =
r1 m2 5 1 4
or = = =
r2 m1 10 2 and N = Normalreaction.
and r = r1 + r2 = 0.3 m (ii) Tangential acceleration, a T : The ring
∴ r1 = 01
. m and r2 = 0.2 m will move towards the x-axis just after the
release.Sonetforcealong x-axis
172 ProblemsinPhysics
ω
Fx = F sin 60°+ mg sin 60°
mg 3 3
= + mg
4 2 2
5 3 R θ N
Fx = mg θ
R–h
8 r
Therefore,tangentialaccelerationofthering.
h
Fx 5 3
aT = ax = = g mg
m 8
5 3
aT = g
8
rω 2
Normal reaction N : Net force along y-axis tan θ =
g
ontheringjustafterthe releasewillbezero.
r rω 2
or =
R−h g
g
or ω2 = …(3)
y
R− h
60° N Thisisthedesiredrelationbetween ω and h.
60° Fromequation(3)wehave
F
60° g
h=R− 2
x
mg ω
(c)
Fornon-zerovalueof h
Fy = 0 g
R > 2 or ω > g/R
∴ N + F cos 60° = mg cos 60° ω
∴ N = mg cos 60° – F cos 60° Therefore,minimumvalueof ω shouldbe
mg mg 1 mg mg
= – = − ω min = g/R =
9.8
2 4 2 2 8 01
.
rad/s
3 mg
N = or ω min = 9.89 rad/s
8
(ii) Equation(3)canbewrittenas
84. Given R = 01. m , m = 10−2 kg
h = R − g/ ω 2
(i) Free body diagram of particle is ground
frame of reference is shown in figure. Hence If R and ω areknownprecisely,then
r ∆g
tan θ = ∆h = − 2 or ∆g = ω 2 ∆h
R−h ω
N cos θ = mg …(1) (Neglectingthenegativesign)
and N sin θ = mr ω 2
…(2) (∆g )min = (ωmin )2 ⋅ ∆h = (9.89)2 × 10–4 m/s2
Dividing(2)by(1),weobtain (∆g )min = 9.78 × 10 –3 m/s 2
CHAPTER
2
9gR 2
2 or 2R =
orv = gr (2 sin θ + cos θ – 1) = k (say)…(2)
2
2(u 2 – 4 gR)
3
For v tobemaximum or 4u 2 – 16gR = 9gR
dk 25
= 0 or 2 cos θ – sin θ = 0 or u2 = gR
dθ 4
tan θ = 2 5
or or u = gR (u > 5gR )
2
2
∴ vmax = gr (2 sin θ + cos θ – 1) (ii) Minimum value of v to maintain contact at
3
C is gR. Hence substituting v = gR in
2 equation(2)weget
5 sin θ =
5 gx 2
2
1 – 2R = x tan 0° –
cos θ =
5 2(gR) cos2 00
θ
1 or 4 gR 2 = g x 2 or x = 2R
Substitutingthevaluesof θ weget Henceminimumvalueof x is
vmax = 0.908 gr x min = 2R
(c) At θ = θmax , velocity of both the particles 89. Fromconstraintrelationswecanshowthat:
will become zero for a moment. Hence 3 v A = 2v B or v B = 1.5 v A
substituting v 2 = 0 inequation(2)weget 2 2
or v A = v B and s A = s B
2 sin θ + cos θ – 1 = 0 3 3
Solvingthisequationweget Now as the block B moves 1 m vertically
θmax = 126.9 ° 2
downwards, block A will move m along the
3
88. (i)Let v bethevelocityatthehighestpoint. 2
planeor sin 30° verticallyupwards.
Then v 2 = u 2 – 2gh 3
or v 2 = u 2 – 4 gR ...(1) Fromconservationofmechanicalenergy.
Decrease in potential energy of block B =
After point C path of the ball becomes increase in potential energy of block A +
projectile with initial velocity in horizontal increase in kinetic energies of both the blocks.
direction.Hencesubstitutingin Hence
C
2 1 2
v (8) (g ) (1) = (10) (g ) sin 30° + (8) (v B )
3 2
h = 2R
1
u + (10) (v A)2
2
B
A 2 1
3R or 8 × 10 = (10) (10) ×
3 2
gx 2
y = x tan θ – ...(2) +
1 1
(8) (1.5 v A)2 + (10) v A
2
2v cos2 θ
2
2 2
Solutions 175
or v A = 1.825 m/s v12 cos 2 α1 – 2 gh
α 2 = cos −1
and v B = 2.74 m/s v12 – 2 gh
90. Fromconservationofmechanicalenergy, The disc can not overcome the hill if radical of
Decrease in gravitational potential energy of equation(3)isnegativeor
rope = increaseinkineticenergyofrope. v1 cos α1 < 2 gh
h=0 h=0
92. Let v 0 be the speed of the object at point
y A. Between A and B path of the object is
aparabola,where
v=0
P
v0
v B A
αα
H
or U i – U t = K. E. (U = potentialenergy)
L y
∴ −(λL) (g ) – – (λy) (g )
4 2
AB = Range
L − y 2v 02 sin α cos α
− (λ ) (L − y) (g ) y +
4 or 2R sin α =
g
1 L − y 2 gR
= λ v . So v 02 = …(1)
2 2 cos α
Solvingthisweget Applying conservation of mechanical energy at
L − y/ 2 P and A weget
v = 2 gy 1
L− y mgH = mgR(1 + cos α) + mv 02
2
91. This problem can not be solved by the use of
H v2
the fundamental equation of dynamics since or = 1 + cos α + 0
the force F acting on the disc in the region R 2 gR
x 1 < x < x 2 is not specified. Only we know v 02 1
about this force is that it is perpendicular to but = (fromequation1)
gR cos α
Y-axis.
Fromconservationofenergyweget H 1
∴ = 1 + cos α + =k (say)
R 2 cos α
v 22 = v12 – 2gh …(1) or 2 cos2 α – 2 (k – 1) cos α + 1 = 0
2 2 2
v 2x + v 2y = v1x + v1y – 2gh
2 1
or …(2) or cos2 α − (k − 1) cos α + =0
2
Since the force of field is perpendicular to 1
y-axis it does not affect the v y projection of the or cos α = (k – 1 ± (k – 1)2 – 2)
2
velocity. Hence v 2y = v1y . Therefore equation
(2)canberewrittenas now (k – 1)2 – 2 ≥ 0 or k – 1 ≥ 2
v 22x = v12x – 2gh or k ≥ (1 + 2) …(2)
or v 2 cos α 2 = v12 cos2 α1 – 2gh …(3) Ontheotherhand,
cos α ≤ 1
Solvingequation(1)and(3)weget
176 ProblemsinPhysics
1 2
i.e., [(k – 1) + (k – 1)2 – 2] ≤ 1 1 2 1 v 1
2 kx + (6m) 0 = mv 02
2 2 6 4
or (k − 1) + (k − 1)2 − 2 ≤ 2 Calculating x,weget,
or (k − 1) − 2 ≤ 2 − (k − 1)
2
x =
m
v0
3k
or (k − 1)2 − 2 ≤ [2 − (k − 1)]2
1
or 4k ≤ 10 94. Initialkineticenergy = × 2 × 102 = 100 J
2
or k ≤ 2.5 …(3) FinalKE = 50 J
Hencefrom(2)and(3)wehave 1
∴ mv 2 = 50 J
1+ 2 ≤ k ≤ 2.5 2
H 100
or (1 + 2)R ≤ H ≤ 2.5 R as k = ∴ v= = 5 2 m/s
R 2
or 2.414R ≤ H ≤ 2.5 R When the spring is being compressed, the
equation of motion of spring mass system can
Forthelimitingvaluesofcosineswehave
bewrittenas
k =1+ 2 or k − 1 = 2
k
x = A sin ωt where ω =
2 m
or cos α1 = i.e., α1 = 45°
2 dx
∴ = Aω cos ωt
and k = 2.5 or k − 1 = 1.5 dt
(1.5 ± 0.5) ⇒ v = v 0 cos ωt
cos α 2 =
2 ⇒ 5 2 = 10 cos ωt
cos α 2 = 0.5, cos α 3 = 1 π
or α 2 = 60° and α 3 = 0° ⇒ ωt =
4
Hence 45 ° ≤ α ≤ 60 ° π π m
⇒ t= =
93. (a) When the spring undergoes maximum 4ω 4 k
compression, the relative velocity between π 2
the block and the car becomes zero. This = = 0.124 sec
4 80
means that the entire system moves with
the same velocity v. As all forces are 95. (a) Let at angular deflection θ and let velocity
internalforces,momentumisconserved be v, fromworkenergytheorem
(4m + 2m) v = mv 0
v
or v = 0 q
6
(b) The kinetic energy of the pair of blocks just v
afterthecollision l sin q
2
1 v 1
= (2m) 0 = mv 02 l (1– cos q) F = mg
2 2 4
Mechanical energy of the system is conserved
mg
during compression of the spring and
subsequent motion of the system. If x be the changeinkineticenergy
maximumcompressioninthespring,then = workdonebyallforces
Solutions 177
1
mv 2 = − mgl (1 − cos θ) + Fl sin θ d
97. (a) h = R + (1 − cos θ)
2 2
= mgl [−1 + cos θ + sin θ] velocityofballatangle θ is
Maximumangulardeflection d
v = 2gh = 2 R + (1 − cos θ) g …(1)
v = 0 ⇒ θ = 90° 2
(b) Tensionatangulardeflection θ
mv 2
T − mg (cos θ + sin θ) = h
l
⇒ T = mg cos θ + mg sin θ θ
θ v
+ 2mg (−1 + cos θ + sin θ) mg
= 3mg cos θ + 3mg sin θ − 2mg
π
= mg 3 2 sin θ + − 2
4
π
T ismaximumat θ =
4
Let N be the total normal reaction (away from
Tmax = mg [3 2 − 2] centre)at angle θ.Then
96. When the bobs collide at the topmost point, the mv 2
necessary condition that both of them fall mg cos θ − N =
d
vertically down after collision, are both should R +
2
have the same velocity in the horizontal
direction and the vertical component of substitutingvalueof v 2 fromEq.(1)weget
velocityfor ‘ Q’ shouldbezero.
mg cos θ − N = 2mg (1 − cos θ)
So, if Q is projected with velocity ‘ v 0’ at an
angle ‘ θ’ withthehorizontal,thenwehave ∴ N = mg (3 cos θ − 2)
v 0 cos θ = gl …(1) (b) The ball will lose contact with the inner
and also that it hits ‘ P ’ at the highest point of its spherewhen
trajectory. N=0
v o2 sin 2 θ or 3 cos θ − 2 = 0
So, = 2l
2g 2
or θ = cos−1
or v o2 sin 2 θ = 4 gl 3
or v o sin θ = 2 gl …(2) After this it makes contact with outer sphere
and normal reaction starts acting towards the
Dividing(2)by(1),weget
2
tan θ = 2 ⇒ θ = tan −1(2) …(3) centre.Thusfor θ ≤ cos−1 :
3
and on squaring and adding (1) and (2) we get,
NB = 0
v o2 = 5gl or v o = 5gl
and N A = mg (3 cos θ − 2)
Thedistancefrom ‘ P ’ isprojectedis 2
andfor θ ≥ cos−1
Range v o2 sin θ cos θ 3
d= =
2 g
NA = 0
v tan θ
2
2v o2
= o 2 = = 2l and N B = mg (2 − 3 cos θ)
g sec θ g (1 + 4)
178 ProblemsinPhysics
Thecorrespondinggraphsareasfollows: = u 2 − 2gL (1 + sin θ) …(2)
NA 1
(iii) QD = (Range)
2
mg
L v 2 sin 2 (90° – θ)
or L cos θ – =
8 2g
cos θ 1 v 2 sin 2θ
–1 2/3 +1 or L cos θ – = …(3)
8 g
NB
Equation(3)canbewrittenas
1 v 2
5mg
cos θ − = sin θ cos θ
8 gL
2mg
fromequation (1),substitutingvalueof
cos θ
–1 2/3 +1 v2
= sin θ
98. Let the string slacks at point Q as shown in gL
figure. From P to Q path is circular and beyond
weget
Q, path is parabolic. At point C, velocity of
1
cos θ − = sin θ. cos θ = (1 − cos θ) cos θ
particlebecomeshorizontal,therefore, 2 2
8
C
1
v
or cos θ −
= cos θ − cos3 θ
θ 8
90° – θ
D Q 1 1
θ ∴ cos3 θ = or cos θ = or θ = 60°
L sin θ 8 2
mg
O θ
∴ Fromequation(1),
h = L + L sin θ
L 3
8 v 2 = gL sin θ = gL sin 60° or v 2 = gL
L 2
Substitutingthisvalueof v 2 inequation(2)
P u u 2 = v 2 + 2 gL (1 + sin θ)
L cos θ 3 3
L cos θ – L/8 = gL + 2gL 1 +
2 2
QD = halfoftherangeoftheprojectile. 3 3 3 3
Nowwehavefollowingequations: = gL + 2gL = gL 2 +
(i) TQ = 0
2 2
mv 2 3 3
Therefore, mg sin θ = …(1) u = gL 2 + ≈ 2.14 gL
L 2
(ii) v 2 = u 2 − 2gh
CENTRY OF MASS,
CHAPTER
4 CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM,
COLLISION, IMPULSE
Before
0.75a
0.2a
0.3a
2m M
m/2
6–x0 0.45a 0.55a
x0
x 6m
After
is zero. Hence COM will remain stationary, or
(mass of platform) (displacement of platform)
(of straw + two insects) should lie inside the
+ (mass of woman) (displacement of woman)
tableor
=(massofman)(displacementofman)
m
or 20 (x ) + 50 (x + 6 – x 0) = 60 (x 0 – x ) 2m(0.55a) = M + (0.2 a)
2
11x 0 – 30
or x = or M =5m
13
100. Let x be the displacement of straw when the 101. Here the system ‘cannon + shell’ is non-
first insect reaches the opposite end. Hence closed.
3 → →
displacement of insect would be a – x . pf = p
2 α
→
For center of mass to remain stationary we v
have—
m 3 → →
2m(x ) = a – x or x = 0.3a p1 = m v
2 2 α
180 ProblemsinPhysics
During the time interval ∆t, the change in Adding(3),(4)and(5)Weget
momentumofthissystemis 1 1
→ → → → → v 3 – v 0 = mv r +
∆ p = p f – pi = p – m v M + 3m M + 2m
1
+
M + m
This change is caused by two external forces
→
the reaction force N (which is perpendicular 1 1
→ or v 3 = v 0 + mv r +
to the inclined plane) and gravity m g . M + 3m M + 2m
Therefore,wecanwrite 1
+
→ → → → M + m
p – m v = N ⋅ ∆t + m g ∆ t
substitutingthevalues,weget
or change in momentum perpendicular to
planewillbe 1 1
v 3 = 25 + (75)(5) +
→ → → 1000 + 225 1000 + 150
| p|sin α = | N| ∆ t – |m g ∆ t|cos α
1
→ +
→ | p| → 1000 + 75
or | N| = sin α + | m g|cos α
∆t or v 3 ≈ 25.981 m/s
102. (i) M = massofcar = 1000 kg (ii) If all the three men jumped off together
m = massofeachman = 75 kg and let v be the velocity of car after all
v 0 = initialspeedofcar = 25 m/s threehavejumpedoff.Then
v r = speedofmenrelativetocar = 5 m /s (M + 3 m) v 0 = Mv + (3m) (v – v r )
v1 = speed of car after one man has jumped off 3mv r
or (v – v 0) =
Initialmomentumofthecarandthemen (M + 3m)
= (M + 3m) v 0 …(1) 3 mv r
or v = v0 +
Velocity of man relative to ground will be (M + 3m)
(v1 – v r )
∴ Momentum of car and two men + the substitutingthevalues
momentumofthemanwhojumpedoff (3)(75)(5)
v = 25 +
= (M + 2m) v1 + m (v1 – v r ) …(2) 1000 + 225
Equating (1) and (2) from conservation of or v ≈ 25.918 m/s
linearmomentumwehave
Note: It is to be noted that although. v3 ≈ v but actually
(M + 3m) v 0 = (M + 2m) v1 + m (v1 – v r ) v3 > v because
mv r
or v1 – v 0 = …(3) 1 1
M + 3m v 3 = v 0 + mv r +
M + 3m M + 2m
Similarly if v 2 be the velocity of the car after
the second man jumped off and v 3 the velocity 1
+
afterthethirdmanjumpedoff,then M + m
mv r
v 2 – v1 = …(4) while v = v 0 + mv r
1
+
1
M + 2m + +
M 3m M 3m
mv r
and v3 – v2 = …(5) 1 3 mv r
M +m + = v0 +
M + 3m M + 3m
Solutions 181
i.e. v3 > v 106. Let v1 = velocity of solid sphere towards right
But if m is small in comparison with M, v 3 ≈ v. aftercollisionand
103. At maximum angle (of string with vertical) v 2 = velocityofhemispheretowardsright.
horizontal velocity (v) of ring and particle will
beequal.
v1
Fromconservationoflinearmomentum,
θ
(m + 3m) v = mv 0 R
R
v
∴ v= 0
4 v2
Henceapplying x3
Nowballwillbeatheight1.2mwhen eM – m
or tan θ =
1 M +m
1.2 = v y t – g t 2 or 1.2 = 67
. t – 5t 2
2 eM – m
or θ = tan –1
or t = 0.213 s and1.127s M + m
Hence x 2 = v x (0.213)
116. Let v1 be the velocity of gun just after the shell
= (10.6)(0.213) = 2.26 m
is fired. The horizontal velocity of shell with
and x 3 = (10.6)(1127
. ) = 11.95 m u
respect to ground is – v1 . Hence from
Hence x will have two values (x 1 + x 2) and 2
(x 1 + x 3) conservation of linear momentum in
or x = 117
. + 2.26 = 3.43 m horizontaldirection.Wehave
and x = 117
. + 11.95 = 1312
. m u
Mv1 = m – v1
or x = 3.43 m and13.12m 2
115. Applying conservation of linear momentum in mu
or v1 = …(1)
x-directionweget 2(M + m)
y
u sin θ During collision vertical component of velocity
v (unchanged)
x (v y ) of shell or the time of flight of the shell
remainsunchanged.Hence
m M J m M J m M u
θ V 2
2v y 2 = 2u
u sin θ
θ
u T = = …(2)
u cos θ g g g
Before impact At impact After impact
186 ProblemsinPhysics
Horizontal component of velocity of shell 1 4
K. E. = (2m) v 2′ 2
= mv 2
u 2 9
before collision will be – v1 and after
2 Let x bethecompressioninthespringthen
u 1 4 8m v
collision v + e – v1 + v which can be k x 2 = mv 2 or x= ⋅
2 2 9 k 3
obtainedbyapplying—
relative velocity of separation = e (relative Theconditionfortopplingtheblock A isthat
velocityofapproach) x≥d d
Hence 8 m v0
so ⋅ =d A
L L + v1T k 3
T = + B
u u k
– v1 v + e – v1 + v or v0 = 3d
2 2 8m
Substitutingthevaluesweget v0
(b) When v = ,thenamplitude
2u L 2
=
g u mu 8 m v0
– A=x= ⋅
2 2 (M + m) k 6
mu 2u Substitutingthevalueof v 0 weget
L+
2(M + m) g A=
d
+
u mu 2
v + e – + v
2 2(M + m) 118. The external impulse applied to C causes both
strings to jerk exerting internal impulses J1 and
Solvingthisequationweget J 2.
e ≈ 0.5 J u
C
v1
117. (a) In case of a head on elastic collision J1 C
J1
between two particles of masses m1 and
u2 45°
m2 moving with velocities v1 and v 2 we 45° u1
applyfollowingtwoequations A J2 J2 B A B
m – m2 2m2 (a) (b)
v ′1 = 1 v1 + v 2 …(1)
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 Figure (a) shows the impulses on different
m – m1 2m1 particles and figure (b) shows the initial
and v ′ 2 = 2 v2 + v1 …(2) velocitycomponentsofeachparticle.
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
Fromconstraintrelationobviously.
Here v′1 and v′ 2 are the velocities of particles u 2 = u1 …(1)
after collision. Equations (1) and (2) are
derived from law of conservation of linear Using impulse = change in momentum we
momentum and law of conservation of kinetic have
energies.Here Forparticle A
m1 = m, m2 = 2 m, v 2 = 0 and v1 = v J 2 = mu 2 …(2)
Hencesubstitutingthesevaluesweget Forparticle B
2m 2 J1 cos 45° – J 2 = mu1 …(3)
v′2 = v= v J1 sin 45° = mv1 …(4)
m + 2m 3
Forparticle C
∴ Kineticenergyofblock B aftercollisionis
Solutions 187
J – J1 = mu …(5) v = 2gh v = 2gh
β
Usingimpulse=changeinmomentum
A′ ← A′
Formass 2m J
m β
J = 2mv1 …(2) 1.
2
Formass m v0
J = mv – mv1 …(3) A O
0.5 m
Solvingequations(1),(2)and(3)weget O
2 gh Applyingimpulse
v1 =
3 = changeinlinearmomentum
120. Just after collision velocities of both the balls J = mv 0 cos β
J 3
will be 2gh in opposite directions. Relative or v0 = =
m cos β 2 cos 24.62°
acceleration between the two balls is zero and
relative velocity of approach is 2 2gh. Hence v 0 = 1.65 m/s
theywillcollideafteratime (b) Velocity component of sphere
perpendicular to OA′ will remain
188 ProblemsinPhysics
vn
unchanged i.e. velocity of sphere after the
cord becomes taut is v 0 sin β or 0.687
C1
m/s.Thereforelossofenergyis–
θ
1
∆ E = m(v i2 – v 2f ) θ
2
1
= (2)[(1.65)2 – (0.687)2] v
C2
2 vt
or ∆ E = 2.25 J
Just after collision
122. Ball A is free to move in a plane (after
collision). So its velocity can be resolved in (ii) Linear momentum along horizontal will
two mutually perpendicular directions. Let us remainunchanged.Hence,
resolve it along common tangent and mv − mv t cos 30° − mv n sin 30° = 0
common normal directions. Let v t and v n be 3v t v n
the corresponding components in these two or v− − =0 …(2)
2 2
directions. Ball B is attached to a vertical
string. So, just after collision its velocity will be (iii) e = 1.Hence,
horizontal.Letitbe v. relativespeedofseparation
= relativespeedofapproachincommon
normaldirection.
P C1 ∴ v n + v sin θ = v 0 cos θ
v 3v 0
or vn + = (as θ = 30°)…(3)
θ 2 2
C2 SolvingEqs.(1),(2)and(3),weget
v = 0.693v 0, v n = 0.52v 0 and v t = 0.5v 0
→
C1C 2 = 2r (r = radiusofball) ∴ v B ′ = 0.693v 0 (horizontally)
PC1 = r →
or v A ′ = v n2 + v t2 = 0.721v 0
∴ ∠PC 2C1 = θ = 30°
v
(i) Velocity component along tangent α = tan −1 n = 46.1°
directionremainsunchanged.Hence, vt
v 0 sin θ = v t vn
v
or vt = 0 (as θ = 30°)…(1)
2
A α
C1 vt
θ →
Hence, v A ′ makes an angle of (46.1° − 30° ) or
θ
16.1°withhorizontalasshown
→
C2 vA = 0.721v0
A v0
16.1°
1 vf
+ (1)(v r – v)2
2 125. Initial momentum of the
particleis v
or (v r – v) + 2v = 360
2 2
…(2)
pi = m0 gT +ve
Solving(1)and(2)weget m0et /T
v r = 7.5 m/s Mass of the particle at
timetis m = m0e t / T F = m0get/T
1
Nowfrom h = gt 2 weget Therefore force acting on
2
theparticleattime t is
2h
tDE = t = (h = 2R) F = − mg = − m0e t / T g
g
Impulse=changeinmomentum.
2× 2 F . dt = dP
t= = 0.632 s or
10 Let t0 be the time when the particle is at
Hence BE = (v r )t = 7.5 × 0.632 m highestpoint.Then
t0
or BE = 4.74 m final
d
or ∫ 0 dv = (mnu) ∫ 0 M 0 – mnt – (µg )∫ 0 dt
or (m0 + µt)g = (mv)
dt 1 t
or v = (mnu) – [ln (M 0 – mnt)] 0 – µgt
or (m0 + µt)g dt = d (mv) mn
or ∫ m0 + µt)g dt = ∫ d (mv)
(
or
M – mnt
v = – u ln 0 – µgt
µt M0
or m0 + ⋅ gt = mv + C1
2 M
or v = – u ln – µgt (M 0 – mnt = M )
at t = 0, v = 0 ∴ C1 = 0 M 0
µt ds M
or m0 + gt = mv = (m0 + µt) or v = u ln 0 – µgt
2 dt M
µt 128. (a) The co-ordinates of centre of mass (point
1 + 3x
s t 2m0 C)ofthemovingpartis .
∴ ∫ ds = ∫ gt dt 4
0 0 µt C
1 +
m0
x=0 x 3x x x = 1m x = 2m
g t 2 m0t m2 µt 2 2
or s= + – 20 ln 1 + 3x
2 2 µ µ m0 ∴ Xc =
4
Note: The above integration can be done by taking the d 3 dx 3
µ ∴ vc = (X c ) = = m/s
substitution x = 1 + t. dt 4 dt 4
m0 dx
(as = 1 m / s)
127. Let n be the frequency with which bullets are dt
fired and m the mass of each bullet. The loss of (b) Linearmomentumofmovingpointis,
massperunittimeis P = mv
dM where v = 1 m/s and m is increasing uniformly
– = Mn
dt withtime.
u relative = u (given) Thenetforceonthemovingpartisthus,
dP dm dv
Therefore,thrustforceonthecannonis F= = v+ m
dM dt dt dt
Ft = u rel. – dm
dt or F= (1) + 0
dt
or Ft = mnu (backwards)
andfrictionalforceonitis dm
Here can be found with the help of
f = µMg (forwards) dt
Here M istheinstantaneousmassofcannon. followingargument.
Attime t The moving end of the carpet starts from the
origin and the whole carpet will be moving
M = (M 0 – mnt)
Solutions 191
when it reaches x = 2 m. This will happen Eliminating t, we get the equation of trajectory
after2seconds.Hence, oftheparticleas
dm 1 2
= kg / s x x2
dt 2 y= 5 = …(1)
10 20
1
∴ Fmin (neglecting all dissipative forces) = N Theequationoftheframecanbewrittenas
2
x 2 + y 2 = 21; x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0 …(2)
129. ByCOM
(m + 1) u = 1 × 10 ⇒ u = 5 ms−1 Solving Eqs. (1) and (2), we get the
co-ordinate of the point where the particle
So, the combined body will move up the strikestheframe.
plane and after a certain time it will come back y 2 + 20y − 21 = 0
to its initial position with velocity 5 ms−1 and
or y 2 + 21y − y − 21 = 0
time t′ = 2 sec.
Now, M is jerked into motion, thread becomes or y(y + 21) − (y + 21) = 0
taut, a sharp impulse is exerted by thread to M or (y − 1) (y + 21) = 0
andcombinedbody. Hence, y=1 [y ≠ − 21, as y ≥ 0]
Letimpulseis I and x = 20
So, Mv 0 = I …(1) The particle will strike the frame at B whose
(m + 1) v 0 = (m + 1) u − I …(2) co-ordinateisgivenas x = 20, y = 1 m.
⇒ v 0 = 2 ms−1 The y-component of the velocity of the
Now, M will move with retardation. Let particlejustbeforeitstrikestheframeat B is
retardationis ‘ b’. u y = 2 × g × y = 2 × 10 × 1
2
Y → v v
or vp = −v 2 sin 2 t i$ + v 2 cos 2 t $j
Horizontal component of velocity after collision R R
is →
v x = 120 cos 2° = 10.84 m/s and v m = v1 $j
∴ linear momentum of particle w.r.t. man as a
Verticalcomponentis
functionoftimeis
v y = − 120 sin 2° = − 0.38 m/s → → →
Lpm = m(v p − v m )
Negative sign indicates that velocity is in
negative Y direction(upwards). v v $j
= m −v 2 sin 2 t i$ + v 2 cos 2 t − v1
Time, the particle will take to cover a R R
horizontaldistanceof4.48m(seefigure)is
A 132. (i) x 1 = v 0t − A(1 − cos ωt)
x
m1x 1 + m2x 2
v x cm = = v 0t
m2 + m2
2°
m1
∴ x 2 = v 0t + A(1 − cos ωt)
m2
3.59 m
d 2x 1
(ii) a1 = = − ω 2 A cos ωt
y 4.48 m dt 2
The separation x 2 − x 1 between the two
4.48 blocks will be equal to l 0 when a1 = 0 or
t= = 0.41 sec
10.84 cos ωt = 0
In this time the distance covered along Y-axis is m
x 2 − x 1 = 1 A(1 − cos ωt) + A(1 − cos ωt)
m2
1
y = − 0.38 × 0.41 + × 10 × (0.41)2 = 0.68 m m
2 or l 0 = 1 + 1 A (cos ωt = 0)
m2
whichislessthan3.59m.
Hence, the particle will not collide with the Thustherelationbetween l 0 and A is,
frameagain. m
l 0 = 1 + 1 A
131. Angular speed of particle about centre of the m2
thecircle,
133. (i) 100 m/s velocity of the cannon ball is
v v
ω = 2 , θ = ωt = 2 t relativetoground.
R R [Unless and until it is mentioned in the
→ question, the velocity is always relative to
vp = (−v 2 sin θ i$ + v 2 cos θtj$)
ground]
Solutions 193
The second cannon ball is fired when the first
C cannon ball strikes the carriage i.e. after 12
second. In these 12 seconds the car will move
v1=5√3 m/s forward a distance of 12v1 or 60 3 m. This
120m
ball will strike the carriage only when the
carriage also covers the same distance of
A 60 3 m in next 12 seconds. This is possible
Horizontalcomponentofitsvelocity, onlywhenresistiveforcesarezerobecause
u x = u cos 30° uy velocity of car (v1) = velocity of carriage after
u = 100 m/s firstcollision (v 2) = 5 3 m/s.
3
or u x = (100) m/s Henceatthetimeofsecondcollision:
2 30o
ux 1 kg 10 kg
= 50 3 m/s 5 √3 m/s
andverticalcomponentofitsvelocity, uX = 50 √3 m/s
u y = u sin 30°
1 Before collision
or u y = 100 m/s = 50 m/s
2 11 kg
v
Vertical displacement of the ball when it strikes
thecarriageis–120mor
1
s y = u y t + ay t 2
2 After collision
Y (vertical) Horizontal component of velocity of cannon
ball = 50 3 m/s and horizontal velocity of
carriage+firstcannonball = 5 3 m/s.
X (horizontal)
Let v be the desired velocity of carriage after
ax = 0 and
ay = – g = – 10 m/s2 secondcollision.
Then conservation of linear momentum in
1 horizontaldirectiongives
⇒ –120 = (50t) + (–10) t 2
2
11v = (1)(50 3) + (10)(5 3) = 100 3
⇒ t 2 – 10t – 24 = 0 100 3
∴ v= m/s or v ≈ = 15.75 m/s
⇒ t = 12 s or–2s 11
Ignoringthenegativetime,wehave In this particular problem, values are so
t 0 = 12 s adjusted that even if we take the velocity of
cannon ball with respect to car, we get the
(ii) When it strikes the carriage, its horizontal same results of both the parts, although the
component of velocity is still 50 3 m/s. It methodwillbewrong.
sticks to the carriage. Let v 2 be the velocity 134. Let v1 = velocity of block 2 kg just before
of (carriage + cannon ball) system after collision(uptheplane)
collision. Then applying conservation of
v 2 = velocity of block 2 kg just after
linearmomentuminhorizontaldirection
collision.(downtheplane)
(mass of ball) (horizontal component of its and v 3 = velocity of block M just after collision.
velocitybeforecollision) (uptheplane)
=(massofball+carriage) (v 2) Applying work energy theorem (change in
∴ (1 kg)(50 3 m/s) = (10 kg) (v 2) kinetic energy = work done by all the forces) at
different stages as shown in figures (a), (b) and (c):
∴ v 2 = 5 3 m /s
194 ProblemsinPhysics
Figure (a) : Figure(c):
v1
∆KE = Wfriction + Wgravity
1
m
/s M [0 − v 32] = −(0.5) (µ ) (M ) g cos θ − Mgh 2
0 6m h1 2
2kg 1
θ
or − v 32 = − µ g cos θ − 2gh 2
θ or v 32 = (0.25) (10) (0.99) + 2 (10) (0.025)
h1 = 6 sin θ = 6 (0.05) or v 32 = 2.975 ∴ v 3 ≈ 172
. m/s
= 0.3m
(a) Now (i)Coefficientofrestitution
∆KE = Wfriction + Wgravity relative velocity of separation
=
1 2 relative velocity of approach
2 m {v1 − (10) } = − 6µ mg cos θ − mgh1
2
v 2 + v 3 5 + 172
. 672
.
= = =
(m = 2 kg) v1 8 8
or v12 − 100 = – 2 [6µg cos θ + gh1] or e ≈ 0.84
cos θ = 1 − sin θ = 1 − (0.05) ≈ 0.99
2 2 (ii) Applying conservation of linear
momentumbeforeandaftercollision.
∴ v12 = 100 − 2 [(6)(0.25)(10)0.99 + (10)(0.3)]
2v1 = Mv 3 − 2v 2
or v1 ≈ 8 m/s 2 (v1 + v 2) 2 (8 + 5) 26
M = = =
Figure (b) : v3 172
. 172
.
6m v
M ≈ 15.12 kg
2
Hence,themassofblockMis15.12kg
/s A
1m
135. (i) Massofwater=(Volume)(density)
(b) A/100
v
5 ROTATION
138. (i)Angularvelocityoftheringis B
Y
4m
Let OA = x
135°
A θ
O
v C x
θ
P B x 4
X =
O vt A π 3π
sin – θ sin
4 4
v
ω= , θ = ωt, OA = vt π 1 3π
or sin – θ = sin x
R 4 4 4
PB = R sin θ = R sin ωt
Differentiatingwithrespecttotimeweget
and AB = AC – BC = R – R cos ωt
π dθ 1 3π dx
= R (1 – cos ωt) – cos – θ = sin …(1)
4 dt 4 4 dt
Hence position vector of point P at any time t
wouldbe The velocity of A is towards left in which
→ direction, x isincreasing.Hencewecantake
rP = x $i + y $j = (OA – PB) $i + AB $j dx π
= 4 m/s and θ =
dt 6
= (vt – R sin ωt) $i + R (1 – cos ωt) $j(v = Rω)
→ substituting these values in equation (1) we
rP = R (ωt – sin ωt) i$ + R (1 – cos ωt) $j get
→ π dθ 1 3π
→ dr – cos ⋅ = sin 4
p 12 dt 4 4
(ii) v p = = Rω (1 – cos ωt) i$
dt dθ
or = – 0732
. rad/s
+ Rω sin ωt $j dt
→ or ω = – 0.732 rad/s
→ dv
p
(iii) a p = = Rω 2 ( sin ωt i$ + cos ωt $j) Here negative sign implies that θ decreases as t
dt increases.
3π Again differentiating equation (1) with respect
139. ∠ AOB = 135° = rad
4 totime,weget
3π π π d θ
2
π dθ
2
∠ OBA = π – θ + = – θ rad θ θ
4 4 – cos – 2 – sin –
4 dt 4 dt
Bysinetheorem
1 3π d x
2
= sin 2
4 4 dt
Solutions 197
141. P
substituting the values
π dθ
θ= , = – 0732
.
6 dt C1 1
2 (D+
2 d )
d x 1 (D-d)
and = – 5 m /s2 2
dt 2 α
C2
intheaboveequation.Weget
d 2θ
= 0.771 rad/s 2 N1
dt 2
140. Since there is no slipping, static friction will act. µN1 C2
Normal reaction at bottom will be zero.
Cylinder will rotate about point of contact M w
90°–α
as shown in figure. Drawing free body
µN2 N2
diagramofcylinder
P sin30°
Fromtheabovetwofiguresitisclearthat
P cos30° A D – d
sin α =
D + d
2 dD
C and cos α = 1 – sin 2 α =
0.3 m D+d
µ sN W
N Let N1 be the normal reaction between the
B
two cylinders and N 2 the normal reaction
0.025m
2 (c)From v 2 = u 2 – 2as
r v2
→ a 0 cos θ + 0 2 0
r Wehave 0 = v 02 – 2(µ k g )s
∴ | a A| =
r a
2 v 02 2 v12
+ a 0 sin θ + 0 0 or s= =
r 2µ k g 25 µ k g
→ → → 144. Writingtheequations:
(ii) a C = a o + a c/ o → )t
(a
O
C/O
Here
→ → → )t
37° a1
aO (a
( a C / o) n = rω in the
2 C/O
C F1
(b) P
directionof CO and a2
mg a2
→ → F2 F2
(a C / o)t = rα = a o oppositeto a o F1 mg
a1
Solutions 199
velocity
For rod 1:
l
mg sin 37 ° + F1l sin 37 ° − F2l cos 37 °
2 v0
ml 2 3
= α1 …(1)
3
Forrod2:
mg − F1 = ma1 …(2) 2v0 time
3µg
F2 = ma 2 …(3)
l ml 2 µmgR 2µg
F1 = α2 …(4) α= =
2 12 1 2 R
mR
2
At point P, acceleration of both rods should be
v 0 2µg v
same. ∴ − t2 = 0 ⇒ t2 = 0
R R 2µg
∴ lα1 cos 37 ° = a 2 …(5)
l t1 > t2 soitwouldnotreturn.
and lα1 sin 37 ° = a1 − α 2 …(6)
2 Forrolling, v t = ωR
We have six unknown, F1, F2, α1, α 2, a1 and v 2µg
v 0 − µgt = − 0 + t R
a 2. R R
Solvingthesesixequationsweget, 2v 0
∴ t=
g 3µg
α1 = 0.423
l 2v 0 v 0
∴ v t = v 0 − µgt = v 0 − µg =
→ 3µg 3
145. vA = 2v 0i$
147. Instantaneous axis of rotation passes
→
vB = v 0i$ − v 0 $j through P.
From conservation of mechanical energy,
→ → → → →
∴ v AB = v A − v B = v 0 i$ + v 0 $j decrease in gravitational potential energy =
y
→
∴ |v AB| = 2v 0 ω
P
A
tan θ = 1 ⇒ θ = 45°
withthepositive x-axis.
146. f = µmg
C
t1 = time when linear velocity is zero, if possible.
θ
x
B
y Nx A C B
C
Ny mg
Lα
30°
L
30° a y = acceleration of COM in y-direction = α
A 2
L
or N y = mg – m α
ay 2
i.e., a y = Lα cos 30° …(4) = mg –
3mg mg
= …(2)
Solvingequations(1),(2),(3)and(4)weget 4 4
2mg 3 3 g Therefore,resultantreactionatsupport A is
T = and α =
11 11 L N= N x2 + N y2
202 ProblemsinPhysics
3mg
2
mg 37
2 Similarly applying conservation of angular
N= + = mg momentumaboutCOMwehave
2 4 4
(mv 0)(PC) = Iω
Ny
tan α = N Ny Ml 2
Nx = + M (0.35 – 0.30)2 + m(PC)2 ω
12
mg / 4 1
= =
3 mg / 2 6 α or (0.3)(24)(0.45 – 0.35)
(0.6)(0.6)2
1 Nx = + (0.6) (0.05)2
or α = tan –1
6 12
G Sincewearetakingthelimitingcase.
Therefore,
mg
A f = frictional f = maximum friction between the block and
force theplank.
f = ma …(1) or f = µN = µMg = µ (4) g
N = mg …(2) f = 4 µg …(1)
The block topples when torque of f about Nowwritingequationsofmotionforallthree
G > torqueof N about G. mg – T = ma (m = 1 kg)
Takingthelimitingvalue
or g–T =a (2)
τ f = τN T – f = Ma (M = 4 kg)
or ( f )(h) = ( N)(b) or T – 4µg = 4 a …(3)
or (ma)(h) = (mg )(b) f = Ma or f = 4 a or 4µg = 4 a
b 0.6 a = µg
or a = g = (9.8) or (4)
h 0.9
Solving equations (2), (3) and (4) for µ, we get
= 6.53 m/s 2 1
µ=
So, if the acceleration of car exceeds this 9
value,theblockwilltoppleabout A. 1
Therefore, minimum value of µ should be or
(c) The maximum acceleration/retardation at 9
which the block is not disturbed, is the 1
µ≥
smaller of the two values, obtained above 9
i.e., 4.9 m/s2 (b) At the time of toppling, normal reaction N
Hence the maximum retardation can be will pass through the front edge as shown
4.9 m/s2 below
N
km
u = 72 = 20 m/s
hr
T
Soapplying
v = u – 2as
2 2
(v = 0) h
Mg
u2 f P
s= (a = 4.9 m/s2)
2a b/2
(20)2
= So, torque of T about P ≤ torque of Mg about
(2)(4.9)
P
or s = 40.82 m
204 ProblemsinPhysics
b or f1 – f 2 – 100 = 20a 0 …(2)
or T ⋅ h ≤ (Mg )
2 τ ( f1 + f 2)R ( f1 + f 2)(01.)
α= = =
Mg b I 1 2 1
or T≤ m2R (20)(01. )2
2 h 2 2
or α = f1 + f 2 …(3)
From equations (2), (3) and (4) we can find
that Asthereisnoslippingatcontacts.Therefore,
8 a 0 = Rα
T = g
9 or a 0 = 01
. α …(4)
8 Mg b and a 0 + Rα = a or 2a 0 = a
Therefore, g≤
9 2 h or 2a 0 = 1
or
b
≥
16
(M = 4 kg) or a 0 = 0.5 m/s2 …(5)
h 9M
Solvingtheaboveequationsweget
b 4
or ≥ F = 821.84 N
h 9
155. Let a = the linear acceleration of the
b
Therefore, minimum value of so that systemdowntheplane.
h
4 a
the block does not topple is. α = angularaccelerationofeach body =
9 R
154. By symmetry frictional force will be F = forceintheframe
same for both the rollers. Let f1 and f 2 f1 = frictional force between sphere and plane
be the frictional forces between beam f 2 = frictionalforcebetweencylinderand
and rollers and between rolleres and plane
plane. Drawing free body diagram of W = mg = 200 N = weightofeachbody
F
I1 = momentofinertiaofsphereabout centre
2 30°
/s f1 a0 2
=
1m = mR 2 = 8R 2 (m = 20 kg)
a α 5
1
m
P
208 ProblemsinPhysics
FromNewton’slaw g →
or → and vertical component of a B is
Σ Fy = ma y 8
or mg − N = m a y 2g g
sin 45° or ↓
or mg − N = m a sin θ 8 8
1185 2r 1 AC r/ 4 1
or mg − N = m
. (c) tan θ = = =
g AP r 4
π π 1185
. r
or θ = 14 °
2
= mg = 0.2 mg
π2 r2
and PC = r 2 + = 1.03 r
or N = mg − 0.2 mg 16
or N = 0.8 mg …(3) Accelerationof centre ofmass C is
Σ Fx = ma x a C = (PC)α C
θ
or µ s N = (m) (a cos θ) g g →
= (1.03 r ) = aC
1185
. g r
8 r 7 .767
or µ s (0.8 mg ) = (m)
π 1185. r →
Horizontalcomponentof a C is
or µ s = 0.398
g
Therefore, minimum value of static a x = a C cos θ = cos 14 ° = 0125
. g→
(7.767)
friction is 0.398.
161. Hoop rolls without sliding. Therefore, ∴ f = ( 4m) a x = 0.5 mg →
instantaneous axis of rotation passes through →
thebottommostpoint. Similarlyverticalcomponentof a C is
3r/4 g
r/4
M
X a y = a C sin θ = sin 14 ° = 0.03g ↓
7.767
C B
A θ
45°
Y Now 4 mg – N = (4m)a y
3mg ←
ac
θ aB
N= normal Hence N = 4mg – 4ma y
N mg reaction
N = 4m (g – a y )
α P f = frictional force N = 4m (g – 0.03g )
C is the centre of mass of the hoop and the N = 3.88 mg ↑
clamp 162. Let acceleration of A is a (down the plane),
r 3r linear acceleration of B relative to A is a r and
where AC = and CB =
4 4 its angular acceleration is α. N is the normal
τP mgr g reaction between A and B and f the frictional
(a) α = = or α = forcebetweenthem.
IP 6mr + 2mr
2 2
8r
Free body diagram of A is shown in figure (a).
(Ip = I hoop + I block )
g
Hence the angular acceleration of hoop is
8r A a
f
g 2g
(b) a B = (PB)α = ( 2r ) =
8r 8
30°
→ 2g
∴ Horizontal component of a B is cos 45° mAg + N= 18 + N
8
(a)
Solutions 209
(18 + N) sin 30° – f cos 30° = m Aa v0
Y
or 0.5 N – 0.87 f + 9 = 1.8a …(1)
v1 X
Free body diagram of cylinder relative to A is
showninfigure(b). v2
mBa = 2.7 a N
(Pseudo force)
y From conservation of linear momentum in
60° α horizontaldirection
ar mv1 = Mv 2 …(1)
x
f Linear impulse on the ball in vertical direction
ar = change in linear momentum in vertical
mBg= 27 newton direction.( J = Ndt)
(b)
Hence J = 2mv 0 …(2)
Σ Fx = mB a r Linear impulse on the ball in horizontal
∴ . a sin 60° – f = mB a r
27 direction = change in linear momentum in
or 2.34 a – f = 27
. ar …(2) horizontaldirection.
Σ Fy = 0 ∴ µ J = mv1 …(3)
∴ N + 27
. a cos 60° = 27 Angular impulse on the ball about COM =
changeinangularmomentumaboutCOM.
or N + 1.35a = 27 …(3)
2
τ f ⋅r 2f ∴ µ J ⋅ r = Iω 0 = mr 2 ⋅ ω 0 …(4)
α= = = 5
I 1
mB r 2 mB r Solving equations (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get
2
2 m 2
substitutingthevaluesof mB and r,weget v1 = rω 0 and v 2 = rω 0
5 M 5
α = 975
. f …(4)
for nosliding a r = rα Now actual path of the ball is a projectile
whosetimeofflightwillbe
or a r = 0.076 α …(5)
2v y 2v 0
Solving equations (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5), we get T = =
g g
(a) Acceleration ofthewedge
Relative velocity of ball with respect to plank
a = 7.1 m/s 2
inhorizontaldirectionis
(b) Angularaccelerationofthecylinder M + m 2 M + m
v r = v1 + v 2 = v = rω
α = 53.9 rad/s 2 M 1 5 M 0
163. The forces during impact are shown in the Therefore,thedesireddistanceis
figure: s = v rT
N
4 M + m v 0 rω 0
or s=
5 M g
µN µN
1
164. r = m = 0.5 m . P and M are the centres of
2
massofthetwoparts A and B.
Let the horizontal velocities of the ball and the 1
plank be v1 and v 2 in opposite directions as 2
2r 2
showninfigure: MO = PO = = = 0.32 m
π π
210 ProblemsinPhysics
X
P Y
O O
MC C
θ θ θ
os θ
ac
a a sin θ
Q Q
α
30°
30o
Now (m A + mB ) a y = Σ Fy
(m A + mB ) a sin θ = 60 cos 30 ° – N
Let C be the centre of mass of the whole ring.
or N = 60 cos 30° – (m A + mB ) a sin θ
MP = 2 (0.32) = 0.64 m
= (60) (0.86) – (2 + 4) (3.5) sin 11.9 °
1
Then MC = (0.64) = 0.213 m Hencenormalreactionis
3
N = 47.27 N
∴ CO = 0.32 – 0.213 = 0107
. m
(c) (m A + mB ) a x = Σ Fx
∴ QC = (OQ)2 + (CO)2 = (0.5)2 + (0107
. )2
⇒ (m A + mB )a cos θ = 60 sin 30 ° – f
QC = 0.511 m or f = 60 sin 30 ° − (m A + mB )a cos θ
Forcediagramsisshownasbelow: = (60)(0.5) – (2 + 4)(3.5) cos 11.9 °
∴ frictionalforce
O f = 9.45 N
C
N
θθ
165. (a) Net torque about point of contact of the
F1 f QO 0.5
cos θ = leftspoolshouldbezero.Therefore,
30 °
=
F2 Q CQ 0.511
W T (2R + R) = (m1g sin α) (2R)
α ∴ θ = 11.9o 2
30o Weight = 60 N
or T = m1 g sin α
3
W = 60 N (b) Consideringequilibriumofblock A
F1 = 60 sin30°
F2 = 60 cos 30° T
A
(a)Theringwillrotateaboutpoint Q.
Fmax
τ
angular acceleration, α = Q
IQ Maximumvalueoffriction ≥ T
(60 sin 30° )(QO) + (60 cos 30° )(CO) or fmax ≥ T
or α =
(2m A + 2mB ) r 2 2
or µm Ag ≥ m1g sin α
(60) (0.5) (0.5) + (60) (0.86) (0107
. ) 3
= 2 m1
1
2
or µ≥ sin α
(2 × 4 + 2 × 2) 3 mA
2
2 m1
or α = 6.84 rad/s 2
∴ minimum value of µ is sin α
3 mA
(b) Accelerationof centre ofmass, C is:
a = (QC) (α) in the direction shown in figure (c) Equilibriumofblock A gives
i.e., perpendicularto QC 2
f = T = m1g sin α
= (0.511) (6.84) m/s2 = 3.5 m/s 2 3
Solutions 211
Nowconsideringequilibriumofblock B of the cart a 2. As the balls are rolling without
2 slipping,wehave
kx = f = m1g sin α
3 Rα 2 = a 2 − a1
2 m1 g sin α and Rα 2 = rα1
Hence x =
3k andbecause R = 2r
a 2 − a1
B F = kx α1 = 2α 2 =
r
α1
f a1
N1
(d) Net torque about point of contact of the α2 mg
φ N2
rightspoolshouldbezero.Hence N2 φ
T ′ (2R – R) = (m2g sin α)(2R)
α1 N 1
or T ′ = 2m2g sin α
But T ′ = kx or T 8 mg
2 N
Hence m1g sin α = 2 m2g sin α α2
Ffr Ffr
3 F
m1
or =3 N
m2 The moment of inertia of the smaller ball is
2
166. Angularmomentumaboutend A mr 2, while that of the larger one with the
5
3L 9P0
Iω 0 = P0 ⇒ ω0 = same density is
2
× 8m × (2r )2 =
64
mr 2.
4 4mL 5 5
with this angular velocity rod will strike nail Using the notation of the figure, we can write
andmoveback. thefollowingdynamicalequationsofmotion:
Timetakentoreach N, F − F fr = Ma 2
π 2πmL 8mg + N1 − N = 0,
t1 = = …(1)
2ω 0 9P0 F fr − N 2 = 8ma1
Let ω ′ is the new angular velocity after the mg − N1 = 0, N 2 = ma1
collisionwithnail. 2
π 8πmL 2πmL 2πmL N1r cos φ − N 2r sin φ = mr 2α1
t2 = = − = …(2) 5
2ω ′ 27 P0 9P0 27 P0
2rF fr + 2rN 2r sin φ − 2rN1r cos φ
27 P0 64
⇒ ω′ = = mr 2 α 2
4mL 5
Letimpulseofnailbe P ′ then From these equations we can express the
L force F as
P ′ = I (ω ′ + ω 0)
4 7 cos φ
F = 9m + M g ≈ 79 N
(Again apply conservation of angular 2 1 + sin φ
momentum)
The acceleration of the balls relative to the cart
⇒ P ′ = 12P0 is
167. Let the angular acceleration of the smaller ball 5 cos φ
∆a = a 2 − a1 = g
be α1, that of the larger one α 2, their common 2 (1 + sin φ)
horizontal acceleration a1 and the acceleration
212 ProblemsinPhysics
At the time t when the balls fall from the cart, l 3F
the distance they have moved relative to the a x = rα =
3 4ml
L
cartis .Astheirinitialvelocitiesarezero, F
2 or ax =
L 4m
t= = 0.55 s Now let Fx be the force applied by the hinge
∆a
along x-axis.Then:
Note: It is interesting that this stunt can also be
performed with the smaller ball in the horizontal
Fx + F = (3m) a x
position, φ = 0. In this situation the frictional F
or Fx + F = (3m)
force between the balls balances the entire 4m
weight of the smaller ball. What is more, it is
even possible for φ to be negative, if the 3
or Fx + F = F
coefficient of friction between the balls is 4
sufficientlylarge!
F
or Fx = −
168. (a) The distance of centre of mass (COM) of 4
thesystemaboutpoint A willbe: Further if Fy be the force applied by the hinge
l along y-axis.Then:
r=
3 Fy = centripetalforce
Therefore the magnitude of horizontal force or Fy = 3 ml ω 2
exertedbythehingeonthebodyis
F = centripetalforce 169. Let r be the perpendicular distance of COM of
laminar sheet from the line AB and ω the
or F = (3m) rω 2
angular velocity of the sheet just after colliding
l with rubber obstacle for the first time.
or F = (3m) ω 2
3 Obviously the linear velocity of COM before
and after collision will be vi = (r) (1 rad/s) = r
or F = 3 ml ω 2 → →
and v f = rω. vi and v f will be in opposite
(b) Angular acceleration of system about
point A is directions.
A Now Linear impulse on COM = Change in
ω, α y linearmomentumofCOM
x or 6 = m (v f + v i) = 30 (r + rω)
1
l l 3l or r (1 + ω) = …(1)
2 5
Similarly angular impulse about AB = change
COM
inangularmomentumabout AB
F
Angular impulse = Linear impulse ×
perpendiculardistanceofimpulsefrom AB
B l C
3 Hence 6 (0.5 m ) = I AB (ω + 1)
(F ) l [Initialangularvelocity = 1 rad/s]
τA 2
α= = or 3 = [I COM + Mr 2] (1 + ω)
IA 2ml 2
3F or 3 = [1.2 + 30 r 2] (1 + ω) …(2)
=
4ml Solving(1)and(2)for r, weget
NowaccelerationofCOMalong x-axisis r = 0.4 m and r = 01
. m
Solutions 213
But at r = 0.4 m, ω comes out to be negative m 1
=
(– 0.5 rad/s) which is not acceptable. M 4
Therefore, mv 0 6mv 0
(a) r = distanceofCOMfrom AB = 0.1 m v= and ω =
M ML
(b) Substituting r = 01 . m in equation (1), we
(b) Point P willbeatrestif xω = v
get ω = 1 rad/s i. e. the angular velocity
v mv 0 /M A
with which sheet comes back after the first or x = =
impactis 1 rad/s. ω 6 mv 0 /ML L
(c) Since the sheet returns with same angular 2
or x = L/ 6
velocity of 1 rad/s, the sheet will never COM ω
L L 2 v
cometorest. ∴ AP = + = L x
170. (a) Let just after collision velocity of COM of 2 6 3
P
rod is v and angular velocity about COM πL
(c)Aftertime t =
is ω.Thenapplyingfollowingthreelaws: 3v 0
(i) External force on the system (rod + mass) anglerotatedbyrod,
inhorizontalplanealong x-axisiszero. 6mv 0 πL m
m v0 m θ = ωt = . = 2π
ML 3v 0 M
L m 1 π
2 Q = ∴θ=
COM COM v x M 4 2
ω
L Therefore,situationwillbeasshownbelow:
2 A
weget m
= 2 v0
L L ML2 M
mv 0 = I ω or mv 0 = .ω
2 2 12 P v
2 v
MLω = v0 = 0
or mv 0 = …(2) 4 2 2
6 → v
(iii) Since the collision is elastic, kinetic energy or |v p| = 0
isalsoconserved. 2 2
1 2 1 1 1. In a complex type of motion of a rigid
∴ mv 0 = Mv 2 + Iω 2 body, we need to find two things (a)
2 2 2
velocity of centre of mass (b) angular
2 ML2 2
or mv 0 = Mv 2 + ω …(3) velocity about centre of mass. Because by
12 knowing these two quantities we can
From equations (1), (2) and (3), we get the describe the motion of any point on the
followingresults rigidbody.For example:
214 ProblemsinPhysics
P v a1 = accelerationofplank
r 90° vP a 2 = acceleration of centre of mass of cylinder
rω
v and α = angular acceleration of cylinder
COM COM
ω aboutitsCOM.
Directionsof f1 and f 2 areasshownhere.
f1
a1
Velocity of point P in the figure is the vector m2
F m1 a2
sumofvand rω. α
2. In the problem, angular momentum of the
f1 f2
system about any point will be conserved,
because torque on the system was zero
about any point but we conserved it about Sincethereisnoslippinganywhere
COM, because angular velocity 'ω' of rod ∴ a1 = 2a 2 …(1)
aboutCOMwas required.
(Acceleration of plank = acceleration of top
3. First two equations always hold good
pointofcylinder)
(when placed on a 'smooth plane')
F – f1 a1 = 2a2
whether the collision is elastic or not a1 = …(2)
but the third equation i. e., conservation of m2
kinetic energy holds good only when f1 + f 2 a2
collisioniselastic. a2 = …(3)
m1
4. If the collision is inelastic (for even if it is
( f1 – f 2) R
elastic), apply definition of coefficient of α=
restitution(e)atthepointofimpact I
Relative velocity of separation (I = moment of inertia of cylinder above COM)
e=
Relative velocity of approach ( f – f 2) R
∴ α= 1
1
For example, in this question, equation m1R 2
number(3)canbereplacedby: 2
v0 A A 2 ( f1 – f 2)
v+ lω
2
α= …(4)
m1R
Fornoslipping
COM COM
2( f1 – f 2)
a 2 = Rα = …(5)
m1
Solving equations (1), (2), (3) and (5), we get:
L
v0 = v + ω 8F
2 (a) a1 =
3 m1 + 8 m2
Becausecollisioniselastic,therefore,
e = 1 or relative velocity of approach = 4F
and a2 =
relativevelocityofseparation. 3 m1 + 8 m2
171. We can choose any arbitrary directions of 3 m1 F
frictional forces at different contacts. In the (b) f1 = ,
3 m1 + 8 m2
final answer the negative values will show the
oppositedirections. m1 F
f2 =
Let f1 = frictionalforcebetweenplankand 3 m1 + 8 m2
cylinder
Since all are positive, so they are correctly
f 2 = frictional force between cylinder and
showninfigures.
ground
Solutions 215
172. Initial and final positions are shown in fi 173. Given mass of disc, m = 2 kg and radius,
m
R = 01. m
R (i) FBD ofanyonediscisshowninfigure:
5R
4
C R 3R R
4 4 4
Qω
Q P R Z
P 3R
4 C
4 Truck
5R 2
4
a = 9m/s
R X
Y
m
Frictional force on the disc should be in
Initial Final
forwarddirection.
Decreaseinpotentialenergyofmass' m'
Let a 0 be the linear acceleration of COM of
5R 5 mgR disc and α the angular acceleration about its
= mg 2 × =
4 2 COM.Then:
Decreaseinpotentialenergyofdisc f f
a0 = = …(1)
R mgR m 2
= mg 2 × =
4 2 τ f .R
α= =
I 1 mR 2
Therefore, total decrease in potential energy
5 mgR mgR 2
ofsystem = + = 3 mgR 2f 2f
2 2 = = = 10 f …(2)
1 mR 2 × 01 .
Gaininkineticenergyofsystem = I ω2
2 Since there is no slipping between disc and
where I = moment of inertia of system (disc + truck,therefore,
mass)aboutaxis PQ. α
= momentofinertiaofdisc a0
+ momentofinertiaofmass f
P
mR 2 R
2
5R
2 f Q
= +m +m
4 4
4
15 mR 2
I= a = 9m/s2
8
Fromconservationofmechanicalenergy,
Decrease in potential energy = Gain in kinetic a 0 + Rα = a
energy f
or + (01 . ) 10 f ) = a
1 15 mR 2 2 2
∴ 3 mgR = ω 3 2a 2 × 9.0
2 8 or f =a ⇒ f = = N
2 3 3
16g
⇒ ω= ∴ f = 6N
5R
Since this force is acting in positive x-direction,
Therefore, linear speed of particle at its lowest →
point f = (6 i$) N
5R 5R 16g → → →
v= ω =
4 4 5R (ii) τ = r × f
or v = 5 gR
216 ProblemsinPhysics
20cm = 0.2m
Linearretardation,
z f
1 2 a= = µg (f = µ mg)
O m
y
x α
a
P Q
f f
→
Here f = (6 i$) N (forboththediscs) f = µmg
→ → andAngularacceleratio
rP = r1 = – 01
. $j – 01
. k$ τ f.R 2µg
α= = =
→ → I 1 R
mR 2
and rQ = r2 = 01
. $j – 01
. k$ 2
Therefore, frictional torque on disc 1 about Now let v be the linear velocity and ω, the
point O (centre ofmass): angularvelocityofthediscattime t = t0 then
→ → → v = v 0 – at0 = v 0 – µg t0 …(1)
τ = r × f = (– 01
1 1 . k$) × (6 i$) N-m
. $j – 01 2 µg t0
and ω = αt0 = …(2)
= (0.6 k$ – 0.6 $j ) R
→ Forpurerollingtotakeplace
or τ1 = 0.6 ( k$ – $j) N-m v = Rω
→ i. e., v 0 – µ gt0 = 2 µgt0 from(1)and(2)
and | τ1| = (0.6)2 + (0.6)2 = 0.85 N-m v
⇒ t0 = 0
Similarly, 3 µg
→ → → v0
τ 2 = r2 × f = (01 . k$) × (6 i$) N-m
. $j – 01 Substituting the value of t0 = in equation
3 µg
→
τ 2 = 0.6 (– $j – k$ ) N-m (1),wehave
v
→ → v = v 0 – µg 0
and | τ 2| =| τ1| = 0.85 N-m 3 µg
174. (i) Between the time t = 0 to t = t0, there is v =
2
v0 …(ii)
forward sliding, so frictional force f is 3
leftwards and maximum i. e., µmg. For (ii) Work done by friction : For t ≤ t0,
time t > t0, frictional force f will become
linear velocity of disc at any time t is
zero, because now pure rolling has started
v = v 0 – µgt and angular velocity is
i. e., there is no sliding (no relative motion) 2µgt
betweenthepointsofcontact. ω = αt = . From work-energy
R
theorem, work done by friction upto time
v0 v t = kinetic energy of the disc at time t –
ω kinetic
energyofthediscattime t=0
1 1 1 2
f = fmax = µmg fmax f=0 ∴ W = mv 2 + Iω 2 − mv 0
t=0
2 2 2
t = t0 1
= m[v 0 – µgt]2
So,fortime t < t0 2
Solutions 217
1 1 2 2 µgt
2
1 2 ∴ (P. E+ K. E)1 = (P. E+ K. E)2
+ mR – mv 0
2 2 R 2 1
∴ mgR + 0 = mgR cos θ + Iω 2 + mv 2
1
1 2 2
2
= [mv 0 + mµ 2g 2t 2 – 2mv 0 µgt But ω = v/R
2
+ 2 mµ g t – mv 0 ]
2 2 2 2 (Noslippingatpointofcontact)
1
mµgt and I = mR 2
or W = [3 µgt – 2v 0 ] 2
2
Therefore, mgR = mgR cos θ
For t > t0, frictional force is zero i. e., work done
1 1 1
by friction is zero. Hence the energy will be + mR 2 (v 2/R 2) + mv 2
conserved. 2 2 2
Therefore, total work done by friction over a 3 2
time t much longer than t0 is total work done or v = gR (1 – cos θ)
4
upto time t0 (because beyond that work done
v2 4
byfrictioniszero) or = g (1 – cos θ) …(1)
whichisequalto R 3
mµgt0 At the time of leaving contact, normal reaction
W= [3µgt0 – 2v 0] N = 0 and θ = θ c . Hence
2
Substituting, t0 = v 0 / 3µg , weget
mv 0 v
W=
θ
[v 0 – 2v 0]
cos
6
θ
in
θ
mg
gs
2
mv 0
m
W = –
6 N=0 mg
4
v= gR Y
7 T
α
Therefore,rotationalkineticenergy, a T
1 o
K R = Iω 2 30
2 in
gs
m
1 1 1
or K R = mR 2 (v 2/R 2) = mv 2
2 2 4 30o
1 4
= m gR
4 7 a = Rα …(1)
mgR mg sin 30° – T = ma
or KR = …(3)
7 ⇒ mg/ 2 – T = ma …(2)
Now once the cylinder loses its contact, τ T ⋅R
α= =
N = 0, i. e. the frictional force, which is I 1 MR 2
responsible for its rotation, also vanishes. 2
Hence its rotational kinetic energy now 2T
becomes constant, while its translational or α= …(3)
MR
kineticenergyincreases.
Applying conservation of energy at (1) and (3) : Solving(1),(2)and(3)for T ,Weget
Decrease in gravitational P.E. = Gain in 1 Mmg
T =
rotationalK.E.+ translational K.E. 2 M + 2m
∴ Translational K.E. (K T ) = Decrease in Substitutingthevalues,weget
gravitationalP.E. – K R
1 (2)(0.5)(9.8)
mgR 6 T =
or K T = (mgR) – = mgR …(4) 2 2 + (0.5)(2)
7 7
From(3)and (4)wehave = 1.63 N
6 T = 1.63 N
mgR
KT 7 KT
= or =6 (ii) From equation (3), angular retardation of
KR mgR KR drum
7 2T
α=
176. (i) Given, Mass of block X, m = 0.5 kg, MR
Massofdrum Y, M = 2 kg (2) (1.63)
Radius of drum, R = 0.2 m; Angle of inclined = = 815
. rad/s2
(2) (0.2)
plane, θ = 30 °
Solutions 219
orlinearretardationofblock Given l = 0.6 m, m = 0.05 kg, m A = 0.01 kg
a = Rα = (0.2) (815
. ) and mB = 0.02 kg
Substitutingthevalues,weget
= 1.63 rad/s3
I = 0.09 kg-m 2
At the moment when angular velocity of drum
is ω 0 = 10 rad/s, the linear velocity of block will Therefore,fromequation(1)
be 2mvl 2(0.05)(v)(0.6)
ω= =
v 0 = ω 0 R = (10) (0.2) = 2 m/s I 0.09
Now the distance (s) travelled by the block ω = 0.67 v …(2)
unititcomestorestwillbegivenby Now after collision, as shown in figure
v2 mechanicalenergywillbeconserved.
s= 0 ω
2a
[Using v 2 = v 02 − 2aswith v = 0]
(2)2 ω=0
= m
2 (1.63)
or s = 1.22 m
177. System is free to rotate but not free to
translate. During collision, net torque on the
system (rod A + rod B + P
ω
mass m) about point P is
zero. Therefore,decreaseinrotationalK.E.
l A
Therefore, angular =increaseingravitationalP.E.
momentum of system 1 2 l
before collision = angular or Iω = mg (2l ) + m Ag
2 2
momentum of system just
after collision (about P). Let l B + mB g (l + l/ 2)
ω be the angular velocity of gl (4 m + m + 3m B)
m v or ω2 = A
system just after collision, I
then (9.8)(0.6)(4 × 0.05
Li = L f + 0.01 + 3 × 0.02)
=
⇒ mv(2l ) = Iω …(1) 0.09
Here I = moment of inertia of system about P = 17.64 (rad/s)2
= m(2l )2 + m A (l 2/ 3) ∴ ω = 4.2 rad/s …(3)
l2
l
2
Equating(2)and(3),weget
+ mB + + l
12 2
4.2
v= m/s = 6.3 m/s
0.67