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    FM Lec-1 Introduction

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    FM Lec-1 Introduction

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    Fluid Mech introduction

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    FM LEC-1 INTRODUCTION

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    Fluid Mech introduction

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    8 views23 pages

    FM Lec-1 Introduction

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    shehzadhaseeb.7861
    Fluid Mech introduction

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 23

    FLUID MECHANICS Contact Hrs: 2+3

    Credit Hrs : 3+1


    Teacher Incharge : Engr. Zaib un Nisa
    LECTURE-I

    INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS

    Mechanics is the oldest physical science that deals


    with both stationary and moving bodies under the
    influence of forces.
    A substance in the liquid or gas phase is referred to as
    a fluid. A fluid deforms continuously under the
    influence of shear stress, no matter how small.
    WHAT IS FLUID MECHANICS?

    Fluid mechanics is defined as the science that deals with the


    behavior of fluids at rest or in motion.

    Branches of Fluid Mechanics:


    The study of fluids at rest is called fluid statics.
    The study of fluids in motion, where pressure forces are not
    considered, is called fluid kinematics.
    If the pressure forces are also considered for the fluids in
    motion, that branch is called fluid dynamics.
    SOME APPLICATION AREAS OF FLUID
    MECHANICS
    APPLICATION OF FLUID MECHANICS
    Sea / river (flood) defences
    Water distribution / sewerage (sanitation) networks/physical facilities;
    Hydraulic design of water/sewage (waste matter) treatment works;
    Dams;
    Irrigation;
    Pumps and Turbines;
    Water retaining structures.
    APPLICATION OF FLUID MECHANICS

    And some examples where the primary object is construction - yet analysis
    of the fluid mechanics is essential:
    Flow of air in / around buildings;
    Bridge piers in rivers;
    Ground-water flow.
    FLUID MECHANICS-I
    COURSE OUTLINE:

    SR. NO. CHAPTERS


    1 Introduction
    2 Properties of fluid
    3 Fluid Statics
    4 Fluid Kinematics
    5 Hydro dynamics/Fluid dynamics
    6 Flow Measurement
    7 Steady flow through pipes
    CHAPTERS TOPICS
    1 Introduction fluid mechanism, hydrostatics, kinematics,
    hydrodynamics, hydraulics, solids and fluids, liquids and
    gases. Units and dimensions,

    2 Physical specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, surface


    Properties of tension, compressibility, viscosity, newton’s equation of
    Fluids viscosity.

    3 Fluid Statics pressure intensity and pressure head, pressure specific


    weight relationship, absolute and gage pressure,
    measurement of pressure, piezometer, Manometer,
    pressure transducer, differential manometer and bourden
    gage. Forces on submerged plane and curved surfaces and
    their applications. Buoyancy and floatation, equilibrium of
    floating and submerged surfaces.
    4 Fluid steady and unsteady flow, laminar and turbulent flow,
    Kinematics uniform and non-uniform flow, path lines, stream lines
    and stream tubes, velocity and discharge, equation of
    continuity for compressible and incompressible fluids.
    CHAPTERS TOPICS
    5 Hydro different forms of energy in a flowing liquid, head,
    dynamics/Fluid Bernoulli’s equation and its application, energy lines
    dynamics and hydraulic grade lines, free and forced vortex.

    6 Flow orifice and mouthpiece, sharp crested weir and notch,


    Measurement pitot tube and pitot static tube, venturimeter.

    7 Steady flow Darcey’s weisbach equation for flow in pipes, energy


    through pipes losses in pipelines, hydraulic grade lines and energy
    lines, pipes in series and parallel, transmission of
    energy through pipes.
    COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

    Sr. Bloom’s
    CLO Theory PLO
    No. Taxonomy
    1 To describe the physical properties of fluids. C2 1
    To analyze stability of floating and submerged
    2 C4 2
    bodies.
    To compute pressure and centre of pressure
    3 C3 2
    on submerged surfaces.
    To prepare hydraulic grade lines and energy
    4 C4 4
    lines for pipes and open channels.
    To describe devices to measure pressure,
    5 velocity and discharges in pipe lines and open C2 1
    channels.
    COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

    Sr. Bloom’s
    CLO Lab PLO
    No. Taxonomy
    To execute experiments to measure fluid
    1 C2 4
    properties.
    2 To recognize various apparatus in fluid lab. C4 1
    To practice experiments to determine
    3 C3 3
    coefficient of discharges.
    To respond actively the basic concepts of the
    4 A2 10
    fluid statics, kinematics and hydrodynamics.
    REFERENCE BOOKS

    ❖Fluid mechanics with engineering application by Robert


    L. Daugherty
    ❖Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications by Yunus A.
    Cengel & John M. Cimbala
    ❖Fluid Mechanics, Douglas J F, Gasiorek J M, and Swaffield
    J A, Longman.
    ❖Fluid Mechanics by Frank M. White
    ❖A text book of fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines
    by Dr. R. K. Bansal
    STATES OF MATTER

    SOLID LIQUID GAS

    FLUID
    SOLIDS VS. FLUIDS
    SOLIDS FLUIDS
    Solids cannot flow. Fluids can flow.
    The molecules of solid are The molecules of fluid are
    very close to each other. far away.
    Solids have more molecular Fluids have relatively less
    attraction. molecular attraction.
    Solids have a definite shape. Fluids conform to the shape
    of the container.
    Solids can sustain shear Fluids cannot sustain shear
    forces. forces.
    LIQUIDS VS. GASES
    LIQUIDS GASES
    Liquids have definite volume at any Gases do not have a definite
    particular temperature. volume.

    Molecules of liquids are closer to each Molecules of gases are far away.
    other.
    Liquids have more molecular attraction Gases have lesser molecular
    attraction.
    Liquids are slightly compressible Gases are highly compressible.
    (generally termed as incompressible)
    Liquids have less rate of diffusion Gases have a higher rate of
    (movement from a region of higher diffusion.
    concentration to lower concentration).
    Liquids have level and free surface. Gases do not have level and free
    surface.
    DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
    Dimension = A dimension is the measure by which a physical
    variable is expressed quantitatively.
    Unit = A unit is a particular way of attaching a number to the
    quantitative dimension.
    Thus length is a dimension associated with such variables as
    distance, displacement, width, deflection, and height, while
    centimeters or meters are both numerical units for
    expressing length.
    PRIMARY DIMENSIONS
    IN SI/METRIC SYSTEM
    AND MKS SYSTEMS
    SECONDARY DIMENSIONS

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