Email

Email
Introduction:
Electronic mail, commonly known as email, is a method of exchanging messages over the internet.
Here are the basics of email:
1. An email address: This is a unique identifier for each user, typically in the format of
[email protected].
2. An email client: This is a software program used to send, receive and manage emails, such as
Gmail, Outlook, or Apple Mail.
3. An email server: This is a computer system responsible for storing and forwarding emails to their
intended recipients.
To send an email:
1. Compose a new message in your email client.

2. Enter the recipient’s email address in the “To” field.
3. Add a subject line to summarize the content of the message.
4. Write the body of the message.
5. Attach any relevant files if needed.
6. Click “Send” to deliver the message to the recipient’s email server.
7. Emails can also include features such as cc (carbon copy) and bcc (blind carbon copy) to send
copies of the message to multiple recipients, and reply, reply all, and forward options to manage the
conversation.
Components of E-Mail System : The basic components of an email system are : User Agent (UA), Message
Transfer Agent (MTA), Mail Box, and Spool file. These are explained as following below.
1. User Agent (UA) : The UA is normally a program which is used to send and receive mail. Sometimes, it
is called as mail reader. It accepts variety of commands for composing, receiving and replying to
messages as well as for manipulation of the mailboxes.
2. Message Transfer Agent (MTA) : MTA is actually responsible for transfer of mail from one system to
another. To send a mail, a system must have client MTA and system MTA. It transfer mail to mailboxes
of recipients if they are connected in the same machine. It delivers mail to peer MTA if destination
mailbox is in another machine. The delivery from one MTA to another MTA is done by Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol.
3. Mailbox : It is a file on local hard drive to collect mails. Delivered mails are present in this file. The user
can read it delete it according to his/her requirement. To use e-mail system each user must have a mailbox .
Access to mailbox is only to owner of mailbox.
Services provided by E-mail system :
● Composition – The composition refer to process that creates messages and answers. For composition any
kind of text editor can be used.
● Transfer – Transfer means sending procedure of mail i.e. from the sender to recipient.
● Reporting – Reporting refers to confirmation for delivery of mail. It help user to check whether their mail
is delivered, lost or rejected.
● Displaying – It refers to present mail in form that is understand by the user.
● Disposition – This step concern with recipient that what will recipient do after receiving mail i.e save
mail, delete before reading or delete after reading.
Internet chat
It is a real-time text-based communication between two or more users over the internet. It is a type of online chat
that is distinguished by its simplicity and accessibility to users who do not wish to take the time to install and learn
to use specialized chat software.
Web chat is a type of internet chat that is implemented using web technologies. It allows users to chat in a web
browser without the need to install any additional software. Web chat is often used on websites and social media
platforms to allow users to communicate with each other.
There are two main types of web chat:
● Instant messaging (IM): This is a one-on-one chat between two users.

● Chat rooms: This is a multi-user chat where multiple users can participate in a conversation.
Web chat can be used for a variety of purposes, including:
● Customer service: Chatbots can be used to provide customer support to users.

● Collaboration: Web chat can be used by teams to collaborate on projects.
● Social networking: Web chat can be used to connect with friends and family.
● Gaming: Web chat can be used to communicate with other players in online games.
The advantages of internet chat in web technology include:
● Simplicity: Web chat is easy to use and does not require any special software.
● Accessibility: Web chat can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection.
● Real-time communication: Web chat allows users to communicate in real time.
● Cost-effectiveness: Web chat is a cost-effective way to communicate with others.
The disadvantages of internet chat in web technology include:
● Security: Web chat can be less secure than other forms of communication, such as email.
● Improper use: Web chat can be used for inappropriate purposes, such as cyberbullying or harassment.
● Spam: Web chat can be used to send spam messages.
Overall, internet chat is a valuable tool that can be used for a variety of purposes. However, it is important to
be aware of the potential risks associated with web chat and to take steps to protect yourself.
What is Telnet?
● Telnet is a network protocol that allows you to remotely connect to a computer and establish a two-way,
collaborative text-based communication channel between two computers.
● Telnet creates remote sessions using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
networking protocol, controlled by the user. On the web, users can request specific files from remote
computers using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP). In contrast,
Telnet allows users to log on as regular users with the privileges allocated to the specific applications and
data on that computer.
● Telnet is most commonly used by programmers and anyone who needs to access certain apps or data on a
remote computer. Some servers allow remote access to public data via Telnet, allowing users to play
simple games or look up weather forecasts. Many of these features are present because they are nostalgic
or still compatible with older systems that require specific information.
What is FTP?
● FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a client/server protocol that allows you to transmit and
receive files from a host computer. FTP authentication may be done via user names and passwords.
● FTP is used for copying files from one host to another host location. FTP works on Port 20 and 21.
Port 20 is used for data and Port 21 is used for connection control.
● Anonymous FTP allows users to access files, programs, and other data through the Internet without the
need for a username and password. Users can use "anonymous" or "guest" as their user ID and an
email address as their password on some websites.
What is FTP?
● The first FTP client software was based on the DOS command prompt, which provided a set of
defined commands and syntax. Abhay Bhushan wrote the first FTP specification, published as RFC
114 on April 16, 1971. RFC 765 was eventually introduced to replace it (June 1980). Various
graphical user interface (GUI) clients for operating systems have been created since then, making it
easier for users to upload and download data.
Note that FTP is not compatible with every system and it does not allow simultaneous transfer of data to
multiple receivers.
Difference between Telnet and FTP
The following table highlights the major differences between TELNET and FTP.

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Email

1. Compose a new message in your email client.

There are two main types of web chat:

● Instant messaging (IM): This is a one-on-one chat between two users.

● Customer service: Chatbots can be used to provide customer support to users.

The disadvantages of internet chat in web technology include:

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