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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

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International General Certificate of Secondary Education

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COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/03

Paper 3 (Extended)
October/November 2006

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

For Examiner’s Use

1

10

Total

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB06 11_0653_03/2RP
© UCLES 2006 [Turn over
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1 (a) The pie chart in Fig. 1.1 shows the energy sources used to generate the electricity in a
European country in one year.

other
fuels other energy
oil sources
hydroelectric nuclear 25 %
nuclear coal 25 %
natural gas 40 %
hydroelectric 3%
oil 3%
other fuels 2%
natural gas other energy sources 2%

coal

Fig. 1.1

(i) Suggest one fuel which could have been included in the 'other fuels' section.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the percentage of the country’s electricity derived from fossil fuels listed
in Fig. 1.1.

[1]

(b) (i) Transformers are used to increase the voltage before electricity is transmitted.

Explain why this is done

[1]

(ii) Explain why the electricity generated in power stations is normally a.c. and not d.c.

[2]

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(iii) On the grid below sketch a graph to show how the voltage output from an a.c.
generator varies with time.

voltage / V
0
time / s

[2]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a human fetus just before birth.

placenta

D
B

Fig. 2.1

(a) Name structures A to D.

D [2]

(b) Explain how the developing fetus obtains nutrients while it is in the uterus.

[3]

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(c) After birth, the baby can be breast fed on milk from its mother, or bottle fed on milk
made up from a formula.

Describe two advantages, apart from cost, of breast feeding a baby.

[2]

(d) If a mother has AIDS, there is a risk that her baby may be born with HIV and develop
AIDS.

Explain how this could happen.

[2]

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3 A student uses the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.1 to investigate several different chemical
reactions. In each reaction, a solid reacts with a solution and a gas is produced. The volume
of gas produced in each case can be measured using the gas syringe.

gas syringe

gas C
solution A
solid B

Fig. 3.1

(a) (i) Table 3.1 lists three experiments in which three different solids react with three
different solutions.

Complete Table 3.1 by writing in the right hand column the name of the gas C
produced in each experiment.

Table 3.1

experiment pH of
solution A solid B gas C
number solution A
hydrochloric
1 1.2 calcium carbonate
acid
sulphuric
2 1.5 magnesium
acid
sodium
3 nitric acid 1.1
hydrogencarbonate

[3]

(ii) Write the chemical formula of nitric acid.

[1]

(iii) All aqueous solutions of acids contain hydrogen ions, H+.

State which acid in Table 3.1 contains the highest concentration of hydrogen ions.

[1]

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(b) The student then carried out a series of experiments using calcium carbonate and
dilute hydrochloric acid. She measured the time taken for 50 cm3 of gas to collect in the
gas syringe shown in Fig. 3.1.

Her results are shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2

time to collect
experiment number
50 cm3 of gas / s
4 40
5 80
6 20

(i) Explain in which reaction, 4, 5 or 6, the rate of reaction was the greatest.

[2]

(ii) Suggest and explain, in terms of collisions between particles, one possible
difference in the reaction conditions between experiments 5 and 6 which would
explain the difference in reaction rate.

[2]

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4 A torch contains 3 cells, a switch and a lamp connected in series.

(a) The potential difference across each of the cells in the circuit is 1.5 V.

(i) State the total potential difference across the three cells.

[1]

(ii) State the potential difference across the lamp.

[1]

(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a torch standing on a table. M is the position of the centre of mass of
the torch.

M
A
table

Fig. 4.1

(i) What is meant by the term centre of mass?

[1]

(ii) Explain why the torch is more stable if it stands on end A rather than on end B.
Use diagrams in your answer.

[2]

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5 An athlete ran on a treadmill on three different days. He ran a different distance on each
day. Each time, he ran at a speed that he would use if he was running a race of that
particular distance.

The amount of energy that he used and the volume of oxygen that he consumed was
measured during each run. The results are shown in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1
total oxygen total energy mean energy use
distance of run / m
consumed / dm3 used / kJ per metre / kJ
100 10 200 2.0
1500 36 720 0.5
10 000 150 3000

(a) (i) Explain how the oxygen consumed by the athlete was used to provide the energy
that he used in the runs.

[3]

(ii) The amount of energy provided by one dm3 of oxygen was the same in each run.
Calculate this value.

[1]

(b) (i) Calculate the energy used per metre in the 10 000 metre run, and write the answer
in Table 5.1. [1]

(ii) Describe the relationship shown in the table between the mean energy used per
metre and the distance of the run. Suggest a reason for this relationship.

[2]

(c) At the end of the 100 m run, the athlete carried on breathing very heavily for the next
few minutes.
Explain why he did this.

[3]

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6 Fig. 6.1 shows industrial apparatus used to obtain useful products, A to F, from petroleum
(crude oil).

petroleum E

Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) Name the process shown in Fig. 6.1.

[1]

(ii) State which of the products, A to F, is at the highest temperature when it first
comes out of the apparatus in Fig. 6.1.

[1]

(b) The balanced equation for the complete combustion of methane is shown below.

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

(i) Calculate the relative molecular mass of water. The relative atomic masses of
hydrogen and oxygen are 1 and 16 respectively.
Show your working.

[1]

(ii) When 16 g of methane burn, 44 g of carbon dioxide and 36 g of water are formed.

Calculate the total mass of products when 32 000 g of methane burn.

Show your working.

[2]

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(c) During the complete combustion of 16 g of methane, some chemical bonds are broken
and others are formed. Table 6.2 shows some information about the energy changes
involved in this reaction.

Table 6.2

energy absorbed when energy released when

chemical bonds are broken chemical bonds are formed
2632 J 3446 J

(i) Name one substance in which bonds are broken during the complete combustion
of methane.

[1]

(ii) Use the information in Table 6.2 to explain why the complete combustion of
methane is an exothermic reaction.

[1]

(d) The displayed formula of ethene is shown below.

H H

C C

H H
Describe what happens when ethene undergoes addition polymerisation to form
poly(ethene). You may draw a diagram if it helps you to answer this question.

[2]

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7 (a) Optical fibres are used to view cavities inside the body. Light is sent down some of the
fibres to enable doctors to see what is there.

(i) Fig. 7.1 shows an optical fibre with a ray of light travelling down part of it.
Draw the path of the ray of light as it travels down the fibre.

Fig. 7.1
[1]

(ii) Some fibres are used to allow the light to return so that an image can be seen.

Why is it important that light does not leak from one fibre to another?

[1]

(iii) Suggest why optical fibres are now replacing metal wires as the method by which
telephone signals are sent.

[1]

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(b) A student carried out an experiment to find the speed of sound in air by watching and
listening to a bell being rung.
He stood with a timer 1000 m from the bell.

bell tower student

1000 m

(i) The sound took 3 seconds to travel from the bell to the student.

Calculate the speed of sound.

Show your working and state the formula that you use.

formula used

working

[2]

(ii) Describe how the density of an irregular object such as a bell could be determined.

[4]

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8 A gardener found that aphids (greenfly) were feeding on his rose plants.

Fig. 8.1 shows an aphid on a rose stem.

Fig. 8.1

Aphids feed by using their needle-like mouthparts to pierce the plant stems and leaves.
They suck out fluid from the plant’s phloem tubes.

(a) (i) Explain why even a small insect such as an aphid can reach the fluid in the phloem
tubes.

[1]

(ii) Explain why the contents of the phloem tubes make a better food source for
insects than the contents of the xylem vessels.

[2]

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(b) The gardener decided to spray the plants with a systemic insecticide. An insecticide is
a pesticide that kills insects. Systemic pesticides are taken into the plant through its
leaves and then transported throughout the plant.

(i) Give two advantages of systemic pesticides over other kinds of pesticides.

[2]

(ii) An alternative method of controlling aphids on rose bushes is to introduce a

population of ladybirds to the plants. Ladybirds kill and eat aphids.

Give the name for this kind of pest control.

[1]

(c) Phloem is a tissue. Explain what is meant by this term.

[2]

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9 (a) Table 9.1 shows some properties of elements.

Write the letter M in the right hand column next to properties which are typical of
metallic elements.

Table 9.1

can be hammered into different shapes

poor conductor of heat

is a gas at room temperature (20°C)

good conductor of electricity

poor conductor of electricity

[1]

(b) Aluminium is an important metal in Group III of the Periodic Table.

State the number of protons in one atom of aluminium.

[1]

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(c) Aluminium is obtained from the compound aluminium oxide by electrolysis.

(i) Fig. 9.2 shows diagrams of an aluminium atom and an oxygen atom.

Complete the diagrams of the aluminium ion and the oxide ion. Include the
electrical charges of the ions.

aluminium atom aluminium ion

oxygen atom oxide ion

Fig. 9.2
[4]

(ii) Describe what happens to each aluminium ion on the surface of the cathode
during electrolysis.

[2]

(iii) The symbolic equation below shows the overall chemical change during the
electrolysis of aluminium oxide.

Complete the balancing of the equation.

Al2O3 4Al + O2
[1]

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10 (a) Explain in terms of particles why, when a gas is compressed, the pressure exerted by
the gas on the container increases as its volume decreases.

[2]

(b) Explain the difference between speed and velocity.

[1]

(c) Explain why a source of alpha radiation is more dangerous if it gets inside the human
body than outside the body.

[2]

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BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

0653/03/O/N/06 [Turn over

© UCLES 2006
DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Tin Antimony Tellurium Xenon

0653/03/O/N/06
Indium Iodine
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

226 227
Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).