MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF

TECHNOLOGY,
GORAKHPUR - 273010

A Seminar Report on

Cloud Computing

Submitted By-
Ajay Kumar
(2021071004)
B.Tech 3rd Year
Information Technology

Submitted To-
Department of Information Technology
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology
Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh – 273010
 CONTENT

1. Acknowledgement
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. History of Cloud Computing
5. What is cloud computing?
6. Advantages
7. Disadvantages
8. Types of Cloud Computing
9. Conclusion
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my esteemed

professors and faculty members of the Madan Mohan Malaviya
University of Technology, Gorakhpur, for giving me such a wonderful
opportunity to expand my knowledge for our branch and giving me
guidelines to present a seminar report. It helped me a lot to realize what
we study for.

I would also like to thank my friends and batchmate who helped me to

make my work organized and well-stacked till the end.

Ajay Kumar
 ABSTRACT

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of cloud

computing, tracing its evolution, exploring its core concepts, and
evaluating its benefits and drawbacks. Cloud computing, a
revolutionary technology, has fundamentally transformed data storage,
processing, and management, offering significant advantages in
scalability, cost efficiency, and flexibility. The historical context sets the
stage by highlighting key milestones, from early client-server and
distributed computing models to the advent of modern cloud services
pioneered by companies like Salesforce, Amazon, and Google.
We delve into the essential components of cloud computing, including
its various service models—Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a
Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)—and deployment
models such as public, private, hybrid, and community clouds. Each
model's unique attributes, use cases, and limitations are discussed to
provide a clear understanding of their applications in different
scenarios.
Furthermore, the presentation addresses the security and privacy
challenges inherent in cloud computing, emphasizing the importance of
robust security measures like deterrent, preventive, detective, and
corrective controls. It also examines the implications of data
confidentiality, loss, and geographical storage issues, highlighting the
critical need for stringent access control policies and compliance with
regional regulations.
In conclusion, the presentation underscores the transformative potential
of cloud computing in offering scalable, cost-effective, and accessible
 solutions while ensuring reliability and business continuity. It aims to
equip the audience with a thorough understanding of cloud computing's
landscape, enabling informed decision-making and strategic planning in
leveraging cloud technologies.

INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most transformative

technologies of the 21st century, reshaping how businesses and
individuals store, process, and manage data. This presentation aims to
provide a comprehensive understanding of cloud computing, from its
historical evolution to its modern-day applications and implications.
The journey begins with an exploration of the origins of cloud
computing, tracing its roots from early client-server and distributed
computing models to the revolutionary concept proposed by John
McCarthy in the 1960s, envisioning computing as a utility. Significant
milestones, such as the launch of Salesforce.com in 1999, Amazon Web
Services (AWS) in 2002, and subsequent innovations by Google and
Microsoft, highlight the rapid development and adoption of cloud
technologies.
At its core, cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services
—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and more
—over the internet. This model provides on-demand access to resources,
enabling businesses and individuals to use applications and services
without the need for extensive on-premises infrastructure. The key
advantages of cloud computing, such as scalability, cost-effectiveness,
and flexibility, are driving its widespread adoption across various
industries.
However, cloud computing is not without its challenges. Security
concerns, potential downtime, and dependency on service providers are
critical considerations for any organization looking to adopt cloud
solutions. The presentation will address these disadvantages, providing
insights into mitigating risks and ensuring robust cloud security.
We will also delve into the different service and deployment models of
cloud computing. Understanding the distinctions between public,
private, hybrid, and community clouds, as well as the services offered
through SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS, is crucial for leveraging the right cloud
solutions for specific needs.
In conclusion, this presentation aims to equip you with a thorough
understanding of cloud computing, highlighting its potential to drive
innovation, efficiency, and strategic growth.

HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING

The concept of cloud computing has evolved significantly over the past
few decades, transforming from a theoretical idea to a cornerstone of
modern IT infrastructure. This section provides a historical overview of
key milestones and developments that have shaped cloud computing into
what it is today.
1960s: The Vision
 The idea of cloud computing can be traced back to the 1960s when
John McCarthy, a computer scientist, proposed that "computing
may someday be organized as a public utility." This vision
suggested that computing power and applications could be
delivered like electricity or water, available on demand and
accessible to all.
Client-Server and Distributed Computing
 Before the advent of modern cloud computing, the 1980s and
1990s saw the rise of client-server computing. In this model, client
devices would access resources and applications hosted on
centralized servers. This architecture laid the groundwork for more
distributed forms of computing.
 Distributed computing emerged as a significant step forward,
allowing multiple computers to work together on a network,
sharing resources and processing power. This approach enhanced
efficiency and resource utilization, setting the stage for future
cloud developments.
1990s: Early Cloud Concepts
 In 1999, Salesforce.com pioneered the concept of delivering
enterprise applications over the internet. This was one of the first
instances of Software as a Service (SaaS), where applications are
hosted online and accessed via web browsers, eliminating the need
for local installations.
2000s: The Rise of Cloud Providers
 In 2002, Amazon launched Amazon Web Services (AWS), initially
offering simple storage services (S3) and computing power (EC2)
over the internet. AWS's pay-as-you-go model and scalability
 features were revolutionary, making powerful computing resources
accessible to businesses of all sizes.
 In 2006, Google launched Google Docs, providing a cloud-based
alternative to traditional office software. This further demonstrated
the practicality and benefits of cloud-based applications.
Late 2000s: Expansion and Competition
 In 2009, Microsoft entered the cloud market with the launch of
Azure, offering a range of cloud services for computing, storage,
and application development. This period also saw the rise of other
cloud platforms like IBM's Blue Cloud and Sun Microsystems' Sun
Cloud.
 The competition among these major players accelerated innovation
and drove the rapid expansion of cloud services, making them
more reliable, secure, and cost-effective.
2010s: Mainstream Adoption
 By the 2010s, cloud computing had become mainstream, with
businesses across various industries adopting cloud solutions to
enhance scalability, reduce costs, and improve flexibility. Services
expanded beyond basic storage and computing to include advanced
analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning capabilities.
 The development of hybrid cloud models, combining private and
public cloud resources, provided organizations with greater
flexibility and control over their data and applications.
Present and Future
 Today, cloud computing continues to evolve, driven by
advancements in technologies such as edge computing, the Internet
of Things (IoT), and 5G networks. These innovations are
extending the capabilities and reach of cloud services, enabling
real-time processing and decision-making at the edge of the
network.
In conclusion, the history of cloud computing reflects a continuous
evolution driven by visionary ideas and technological advancements.
From its early conceptual stages to its current status as a critical
component of modern IT infrastructure, cloud computing has
transformed how we access and utilize computing resources, paving the
way for future innovations and applications.

WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?

According to the presentation, cloud computing refers to the delivery of

various services over the internet, including servers, storage, databases,
networking, software, and more. It allows individuals and businesses to
access and use applications or services without the need for installing
them on local machines or maintaining their own infrastructure. This on-
demand access and scalability are key components of cloud computing.

Key Characteristics:
 On-Demand Self-Service: Users can provision computing
resources as needed without requiring human intervention from the
service provider.
 Broad Network Access: Services are available over the network
and accessed through standard mechanisms, ensuring availability
across various devices such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and
workstations.
 Resource Pooling: Computing resources are pooled to serve
multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different
physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned
according to consumer demand.
 Rapid Elasticity: Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and
released to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with
demand.
 Measured Service: Cloud systems automatically control and
optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability
appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing,
bandwidth).
Core Services:
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides on-demand access to
fundamental computing resources such as servers, storage, and
networking. Users can rent virtualized hardware and have control
over operating systems and applications.
 Platform as a Service (PaaS): Offers a platform allowing
customers to develop, run, and manage applications without
dealing with the underlying infrastructure. It simplifies the process
of application development by providing built-in tools and
services.
 Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers software applications over
the internet on a subscription basis. Users can access software via
 web browsers, eliminating the need for local installation and
maintenance.
ADVANTAGES
According to the presentation, cloud computing offers several significant
advantages that make it an attractive option for businesses and
individuals. These advantages include:
1. Scalability:
 Cloud computing allows for easy scalability, enabling businesses
to quickly adjust resources based on demand. This elasticity means
that companies can scale up their computing capacity during peak
times and scale down during off-peak periods, ensuring optimal
resource utilization and cost efficiency.
2. Cost-Effectiveness:
 It reduces hardware and maintenance costs as third-party providers
handle the infrastructure. This pay-as-you-go model eliminates the
need for significant upfront investment in physical servers and data
centers, allowing businesses to only pay for the resources they use.
3. Flexibility:
 Cloud platforms offer flexibility in terms of storage, software, and
access. Businesses can choose from a variety of cloud services and
configurations to suit their specific needs, enhancing productivity
and operational efficiency. This flexibility also allows for easy
integration with existing systems and applications.
4. Accessibility:
 Cloud computing enables greater accessibility, allowing users to
access data and applications from anywhere with an internet
connection. This remote access capability is particularly beneficial
for supporting remote work and collaboration among
geographically dispersed teams.
5. Reliability:
 Cloud providers offer robust data backup and disaster recovery
solutions, ensuring business continuity in the event of unexpected
disruptions. This reliability is often enhanced by the use of
multiple redundant data centers across various locations.
6. Automatic Updates:
 Cloud services often include automatic software updates and
maintenance, reducing the burden on IT staff and ensuring that
systems are always up-to-date with the latest features and security
patches.

7. Enhanced Collaboration:
 Cloud-based tools and applications facilitate real-time
collaboration and communication among team members. This
capability allows for seamless sharing of documents, data, and
applications, improving overall productivity and efficiency.
8. Security:
 Leading cloud providers invest heavily in security measures,
including encryption, identity management, and compliance with
international standards. While there are concerns about data
security in the cloud, these providers often have more resources to
dedicate to security than individual businesses do.
9. Environmental Sustainability:
 Cloud computing can lead to more efficient use of resources and
energy, contributing to environmental sustainability. By utilizing
shared infrastructure and optimizing resource usage, cloud
computing helps reduce the overall carbon footprint of IT
operations.
These advantages highlight the transformative potential of cloud
computing, making it a critical component of modern IT strategies and
digital transformation initiatives.
 DISADVANTAGES
The presentation also addresses several disadvantages of cloud
computing that organizations and individuals need to consider:
1. Security Concerns:
 Data breaches and unauthorized access to sensitive information are
significant concerns in cloud computing. Storing data off-premises
with a third-party provider can increase the risk of cyberattacks
and data theft, particularly if the provider's security measures are
insufficient or if data is not encrypted properly.
2. Downtime:
 Cloud services rely on internet connectivity, which means that any
disruption in the internet connection can lead to service
interruptions. Additionally, cloud providers may experience
outages, leading to potential downtime that can affect business
operations. Dependence on the provider's reliability is a critical
risk factor.
3. Dependency on Provider:
  Using cloud services can lead to a dependency on the provider for
infrastructure and services. This lack of control can be problematic
if the provider changes its service offerings, increases prices, or
experiences technical issues. Switching providers can also be
complex and costly, potentially leading to vendor lock-in.
4. Limited Control and Flexibility:
 Organizations may have limited control over the infrastructure and
services provided by cloud vendors. Customization options might
be restricted, and businesses may need to adapt their processes to
fit the provider's capabilities, which can be less flexible than on-
premises solutions.
5. Privacy Issues:
 Storing data in the cloud can raise privacy concerns, particularly if
the data is subject to regulatory requirements or if it is stored in a
location with different legal jurisdictions. Ensuring that the cloud
provider complies with relevant data protection laws and standards
is essential to safeguarding privacy.
6. Cost Management:
 While cloud computing can be cost-effective, managing cloud
costs can be challenging. Uncontrolled usage, lack of proper
budgeting, and unforeseen expenses can lead to higher-than-
expected costs. Organizations need to carefully monitor and
manage their cloud usage to avoid financial surprises.
7. Compliance and Legal Issues:
 Compliance with industry-specific regulations and standards can
be complicated when using cloud services. Organizations must
ensure that their cloud provider meets all necessary compliance
requirements, which can be a complex and ongoing process. Legal
issues related to data sovereignty and jurisdiction can also arise,
particularly for multinational organizations.
8. Performance Issues:
 Network latency and bandwidth limitations can affect the
performance of cloud-based applications, especially for real-time
data processing and applications requiring high-speed access.
 Ensuring optimal performance may require investment in better
network infrastructure or services.
9. Data Transfer and Migration Challenges:
 Moving data and applications to the cloud (and between cloud
providers) can be a complex and time-consuming process. Data
transfer costs, compatibility issues, and potential downtime during
migration are challenges that need careful planning and execution.

These disadvantages highlight the need for a thorough evaluation of

cloud computing solutions, considering both the benefits and potential
risks. Organizations must weigh these factors carefully to make
informed decisions about their cloud strategy.

TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

The presentation outlines various types of cloud computing models,
which can be categorized based on service models and deployment
models. Understanding these different types is crucial for selecting
the appropriate cloud solutions for specific business needs.

Service Models:
 1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
 Description: IaaS provides virtualized computing resources
over the internet. It offers fundamental computing
infrastructure such as virtual machines, storage, and
networks.
 Use Case: Ideal for businesses that need to build and manage
their own applications, operating systems, and infrastructure
without investing in physical hardware.
 Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Microsoft
Azure Virtual Machines, Google Cloud Compute Engine.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):
 Description: PaaS delivers a platform that allows developers
to build, deploy, and manage applications without worrying
about the underlying infrastructure. It includes development
tools, databases, and operating systems.
 Use Case: Suitable for developers looking to streamline the
application development process with integrated tools and
services.
 Examples: Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App
Services, Heroku.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS):
 Description: SaaS provides software applications over the
internet on a subscription basis. Users can access these
applications through web browsers without needing to install
and maintain them locally.
 Use Case: Best for businesses and individuals seeking ready-
to-use applications without the hassle of maintenance and
updates.
 Examples: Google Workspace (formerly G Suite), Microsoft
Office 365, Salesforce.
Deployment Models:
1. Public Cloud:
  Description: In the public cloud model, services are
delivered over the internet and shared across multiple
organizations. The infrastructure is owned and operated by a
third-party cloud service provider.
 Use Case: Suitable for businesses looking for cost-effective
solutions with scalability and flexibility. Ideal for workloads
with varying demands.
 Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure,
Google Cloud Platform.
2. Private Cloud:
 Description: A private cloud is dedicated to a single
organization, providing greater control and security. The
infrastructure can be hosted on-premises or by a third-party
provider.
 Use Case: Ideal for organizations with strict regulatory
requirements, security concerns, or those needing high
control over their infrastructure.
 Examples: VMware Cloud, IBM Private Cloud, OpenStack.

3. Hybrid Cloud:
 Description: A hybrid cloud combines public and private
clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between
them. This model offers the benefits of both public and
private clouds.
 Use Case: Suitable for businesses that require flexibility,
scalability, and control. Ideal for handling sensitive data
while leveraging the public cloud's scalability for less-critical
operations.
 Examples: Microsoft Azure Stack, AWS Outposts, Google
Anthos.
4. Community Cloud:
 Description: A community cloud is shared by multiple
organizations with common concerns, such as security,
 compliance, or specific industry requirements. The
infrastructure is shared but managed collaboratively.
 Use Case: Best for organizations with shared goals and
requirements, such as government agencies, healthcare
providers, or academic institutions.
 Examples: Government cloud services, healthcare
community clouds.
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, cloud computing represents a significant paradigm shift
in how we approach data storage, processing, and application
deployment. This presentation has provided a comprehensive overview
of cloud computing, covering its historical evolution, core concepts,
advantages, disadvantages, and various types of service and deployment
models.

Key Takeaways:

1. Historical Evolution: Cloud computing has evolved from early

concepts of time-sharing and distributed computing to the
sophisticated, scalable, and flexible solutions offered by modern
cloud service providers. Key milestones include the introduction of
SaaS by Salesforce, the launch of AWS, and the expansion of
cloud services by major tech companies like Google and
Microsoft.

2. Core Concepts: Cloud computing enables on-demand access to a

shared pool of computing resources, promoting efficiency and cost
savings. It operates on principles such as on-demand self-service,
broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and
measured service.

3. Advantages: The benefits of cloud computing are numerous,

including scalability, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, accessibility,
reliability, automatic updates, enhanced collaboration, security,
and environmental sustainability. These advantages make cloud
computing an essential component of modern IT infrastructure.
 4. Disadvantages: Despite its benefits, cloud computing also
presents challenges such as security concerns, potential downtime,
dependency on providers, limited control and flexibility, privacy
issues, cost management, compliance and legal issues,
performance issues, and data transfer and migration challenges.
Organizations must carefully weigh these factors when adopting
cloud solutions.

5. Types of Cloud Computing: Cloud computing can be categorized

into different service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and deployment
models (public, private, hybrid, community clouds). Each model
offers unique features and benefits tailored to specific business
needs and regulatory requirements.

Final Thoughts:

Cloud computing is a transformative technology that continues to

evolve, driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, machine
learning, edge computing, and IoT. As businesses and individuals
increasingly rely on cloud solutions, it is crucial to stay informed about
the latest trends, best practices, and security measures to fully leverage
the potential of cloud computing.

By understanding the historical context, core concepts, benefits, and

challenges, organizations can make informed decisions about their cloud
strategies, ensuring they harness the power of the cloud to drive
innovation, efficiency, and growth in today's digital landscape.
 REFRENCES

1. Books:
 Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R.,
Konwinski, A., ... & Zaharia, M. (2010). "A View of Cloud
Computing." Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 50-58.
 Erl, T., Puttini, R., & Mahmood, Z. (2013). "Cloud
Computing: Concepts, Technology & Architecture." Prentice
Hall.
2. Articles and Journals:
 Mell, P., & Grance, T. (2011). "The NIST Definition of Cloud
Computing." National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Special Publication 800-145.
 Buyya, R., Yeo, C. S., Venugopal, S., Broberg, J., & Brandic,
I. (2009). "Cloud Computing and Emerging IT Platforms:
Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering Computing as the
5th Utility." Future Generation Computer Systems, 25(6),
599-616.
3. Websites and Online Resources:
  Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). "What is Cloud Computing?"
Retrieved from https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-
computing/
 Microsoft Azure. (n.d.). "What is Cloud Computing?"
Retrieved from
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/overview/what-is-cloud-
computing/
 Google Cloud. (n.d.). "Cloud Computing Services."
Retrieved from https://cloud.google.com/
4. Historical Context:
 Salesforce. (n.d.). "Salesforce History." Retrieved from
https://www.salesforce.com/company/
 Amazon. (n.d.). "AWS History." Retrieved from
https://aws.amazon.com/executive-insights/cloud-history/
5. Security and Privacy:
 Cloud Security Alliance. (2011). "Security Guidance for
Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V3.0." Retrieved
from
https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csaguide.v3.0.pdf