Presentation BMS 2

Second Year Mini Project Presentation
Group No: 3
Date of Presentation: 10-10-2024
Group Members Names: Tanay Lotlikar

Karthik Iyer
Saachi Koli
Kulsum khan
Guide’s Name : Jyoti gurav
Project Title: Battery Management System
A.Y. 2024-25, Second Year Mini Project, Dept. of EXTC, Atharva COE, Malad
Battery Management System
INTRODUCTION
LiPo batteries are commonly used in various consumer and industrial devices
due to their high energy density and lightweight characteristics. However, they
are sensitive to overcharging and deep discharge, which can lead to permanent
damage or even explosions.
A Battery Management System (BMS) is necessary to ensure the safe charging

and discharging of these batteries. This project aims to design a simple yet
effective BMS circuit for a 3S battery configuration, providing individual cell
monitoring, overcharge protection, and basic current limiting features.
PRINCIPLE & PROBLEM STATEMENT
The main issue addressed in this project is to create a

reliable yet straightforward BMS for a 3S LiPo battery
PROBLEM pack that prevents overcharging of individual cells
while balancing their voltage levels. The circuit must
STATEMENT also be able to regulate the charging current and
provide a visual indication of cell balancing.
The circuit is based on the principle of using TL431 shunt

voltage regulators to monitor each cell's voltage. When a
cell's voltage reaches 4.2V, the TL431 conducts,
activating a BD140 transistor that shunts the excess
energy through a series of diodes, effectively bypassing
PRINCIPLE the battery and preventing overcharge. Two LM317
regulators are used to set the overall voltage and limit
the charging current. The balancing process ensures that
each cell in the series pack reaches an equal voltage
level, maintaining the overall health of the battery pack.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective
of this project is to
design BMS for LiPo
battery configuration
To monitor and
To provide a visual
control the voltage
indication of cell
of each cell,stopping
charging using
the charging process
LED’s
at 2.4V per cell
To limit maximum
To balance the
charging current to
voltage across cells
600mA
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS TL431 Precision Reference Diodes (3 pcs)
BD140 PNP Transistors (3 pcs)
LM317 Voltage Regulators (2 pcs)
1N4007 Diodes (12 pcs)
Resistors: 20K, 330R, 4.7K, 517R, and 2R (as per design)
Potentiometers: 20K (for voltage adjustment)
LEDs: 5mm for visual indicators (3 pcs)
Capacitors: 100uF (2 pcs)
3.7V LiPo Batteries (3 pcs for testing)
Miscellaneous: Wires, connectors, PCB board
WORKING
•Monitoring the Voltage of Each Cell:
•The BMS monitors the voltage of each individual battery cell using a small component called the
TL431 (a precision voltage regulator).
•As each battery charges, the BMS keeps checking the voltage. The goal is to stop charging the cell
when it reaches 4.2V, which is the safe limit for LiPo batteries.
•Preventing Overcharge:
•When the voltage of a cell reaches 4.2V, the TL431 turns on a BD140 transistor. This transistor acts
like a switch that redirects the extra energy away from the battery to stop it from getting overcharged.
•This extra energy is safely bypassed through diodes (1N4007), which handle the excess current. This
process makes sure the battery doesn't overcharge and get damaged.
•Balancing the Cells:
•Since the BMS checks the voltage of each cell individually, it ensures that all the cells in the battery
pack reach the same voltage level. This is called cell balancing.
•If one cell is charged faster than the others, the BMS will stop its charging and allow the other cells to
catch up, so all the cells remain balanced and healthy.
•Limiting Charging Current:
•To protect the battery, the BMS limits the maximum current that flows into the battery during charging.
This is done using LM317 voltage regulators, which are set to ensure that the charging current doesn’t
exceed 600mA.
•Visual Indication with LEDs:
•The BMS also uses LEDs to show the charging status of each cell. When a cell is fully charged, the
corresponding LED lights up, so the user knows the status of the battery at a glance.
ADVANTAGES
PREVENTS ENSURES CELL

OVERCHARGING BALANCING
SIMPLE AND INCREASED

COST EFFECTIVE BATTERY LIFE
DISADVANTAGES
MANUAL
LIMITED
CALIBERATION
SCALABILITY
IS REQUIRED
LOWER
EFFICIENCY
APPLICATIONS
RC CARS BATTERY
DIY
AND BACKUP
ROBOTICS
DRONES SYSTEMS
REFERENCES
• "Design and Implementation of a Battery Management

System" - IEEE Journals.
• "TL431 Precision Reference Diode Datasheet" - Texas

Instruments.
• "LM317 Voltage Regulator Datasheet" - ON Semiconductor.

• "Basic Concepts of Battery Management Systems" -
ResearchGate Articles.
• Online resources and tutorials on LiPo battery safety and

protection.

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Second Year Mini Project Presentation

Group Members Names: Tanay Lotlikar

Guide’s Name : Jyoti gurav

Project Title: Battery Management System

A Battery Management System (BMS) is necessary to ensure the safe charging

The main issue addressed in this project is to create a

The circuit is based on the principle of using TL431 shunt

PREVENTS ENSURES CELL

SIMPLE AND INCREASED

• "Design and Implementation of a Battery Management

• "TL431 Precision Reference Diode Datasheet" - Texas

• "LM317 Voltage Regulator Datasheet" - ON Semiconductor.

• Online resources and tutorials on LiPo battery safety and

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