AI Chapter 1 - Notes
What is AI?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to machines performing tasks that typically require human
intelligence, such as problem-solving, learning, and decision-making.
The term AI was coined by John McCarthy in 1955, and the Dartmouth Conference in 1956
officially started AI research.
AI in Daily Life
In smartphones, AI powers voice assistants like Google Assistant, Siri, and Alexa, helping
with tasks such as reminders and answering questions.
Social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook use AI to personalize feeds based on
user activity.
Music and streaming services such as Spotify and Netflix recommend songs, movies, and
shows based on watch history.
Games like PUBG, Fortnite, and Dota 2 use AI to enhance gameplay, generate new levels, and
challenge players.
Smart Homes and Smart Cities
Smart homes use AI to manage devices like lights, thermostats, and security systems, often
controlled through voice commands.
Smart cities use AI to monitor traffic, manage resources like water and electricity, and
improve waste management.
AI in Healthcare
AI tools assist in early diagnosis by detecting diseases through CT scans and MRIs.
It helps doctors plan treatments efficiently and monitor patient health with wearable
devices.
Key AI Domains
Data is essential for AI systems to make accurate predictions and decisions.
Computer Vision (CV) enables machines to understand images and videos, such as in face
recognition.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) helps AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants like
Siri and Alexa communicate with users naturally.
AI and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
AI supports global goals such as No Poverty, Quality Education, and Clean Water and Energy
by optimizing resources and making services accessible.
In smart cities, AI promotes sustainability through better management of energy and waste.
AI in Vehicles and Agriculture
Companies like Tesla and BMW use AI for self-driving cars and safety features.
In agriculture, John Deere’s AI-powered tractors monitor crops, detect pests, and improve
harvests.
Challenges and Ethical Issues with AI
AI bias can occur if systems are trained with biased data, leading to unfair outcomes.
Unemployment is a concern, as AI may replace certain jobs, especially in manual sectors.
Black box problem refers to the complexity of some AI systems, making them difficult to
understand and regulate.
AI Innovations and Future Applications
Google Brain powers YouTube recommendations, photo enhancements, and NLP-based
tools.
Netflix uses AI to predict viewing patterns and decide which shows to renew.
Walmart leverages AI with facial recognition and chatbots to improve customer experience.
AI Ethics and Access Issues
Key principles include transparency (clear communication about AI’s purpose and data
usage), privacy (protection and deletion of user data), and freedom to leave AI systems.
Risks include economic inequality (if AI is not accessible to all), negative uses (hacking or
misuse), and challenges with black box systems that are hard to monitor.
