1.

Heat Transfer is the process by which thermal energy moves from one object or substance to
another.

2. Conduction is heat transfer through direct molecular interaction in a solid or stationary fluid.

3. Convection is heat transfer by the bulk movement of a fluid.

4. Radiation is the transfer of electromagnetic waves without requiring a medium.

5. Thermal Conductivity is a materials ability to conduct heat.

6. Heat Flux is the rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface per unit area.

7. Fourier’s Law is a law stating that the heat flux is proportional to the negative temperature gradient.

8. Thermal Resistance is a measure of a materials resistance to heat flow.

9. Specific Heat is amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree
Celsius.

10. Thermal Diffusivity is the ratio of thermal conductivity to the product of density and specific heat
capacity.

11. An Adiabatic Process is a process in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings.

12. Steady State Heat Transfer is heat transfer that occurs when the temperature field does not change
with time.

13. Transient Heat Transfer is heat transfer in systems where the temperature changes with times.

14. Newton’s Law of Cooling states that the rate of heat loss from an object is proportional to the
difference in temperatures between the object and its surroundings.

15. Boundary Layer a thin layer of fluid at a surface where velocity gradients and heat transfer occurs.

16. Thermal Gradients the rate of temperature change with respect to the distance in a particular
direction

17. Latent Heat the heat absorbed or released during a phase change without changing temperature.

18. Sensible Heat heat that causes a temperature change in a substance without changing its phase

19. Heat Exchanger a device that transfers heat between two or more fluids

20. Thermal Expansion the tendency of matter to change its shape area and volume in response to a
change in temperature.

21. Insulation Materials or Techniques used to reduce heat transfer

22. Heat Capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of an object by a certain
amount

23. Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor

24. Condensation is the process where vapor becomes liquid

25. Evaporation is the process where liquid turns into vapor at temperatures below boiling

26. Freezing Point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes solid

27. A Thermocouple is a device used to measure temperature by converting temperature differences

into a electrical voltage

28. A Heat Sink is a device or substance for absorbing and dissipating excess heat.

29. Thermal Insulation refers to materials or techniques used to reduce heat transfer between objects
of differing temperature.

30. Black Buddy Radiation is the radiation emitted by a perfect emitter that absorbs all incident
radiation.

31. A Gray Body is an object that emits a fraction of the radiation of a black body at the same
temperature.

32. Emissivity is the effectiveness of a surface in emitting energy as thermal radiation

33. Reflectivity is the proportion of radiation reflected by a surface.

34. Absorptivity is the fraction of radiation absorbed by a surface

35. The Heat Transfer Coefficient is a measure of the convective heat transfer between a fluid and a
solid boundary.

36. Phase Change is the transition of a substance from one phase to another such as solid liquid or gas.

37. The Prandle Number is a dimensionless number that characterizes the ratio of momentum diffusivity
to thermal diffusivity.

38. The Reynolds Number is a dimensionless number used to predict flow patterns in fluid dynamics

39. The Nusle Number represents the ratio of convective to conductive heat transfer

40. The Thermal Boundary Layer is the region of fluid near a solid surface where temperature gradients
exist due to heat transfer.

41. The Critical Radius of insulation is the radius at which insulating a cylindrical object results

in maximum heat loss.

42. Thermal Efficiency is the ratio of useful heat output to Total heat input in a system.

43. Heat Transfer Rate is the amount of heat transferred per unit time.

44. The Biot Number is a dimensionless number used in heat transfer calculations relating conductive
resistance within a body to convective resistance at its surface.

45. Fins are extended surfaces used to enhance heat dissipation from a surface.

46. The Lumped Capacitance Model is a simplification in transient heat conduction where the entire
body is assumed to have a uniform temperature .

47. A Heat Pipe is a device that efficiently transfers heat between two solid interfaces using phase
transition.

48. Superheat is the temperature of a vapor above its boiling point.

49. Subcooling is the process of cooling a liquid below its boiling point without freezing it.

50. Thermal Contact Resistance is the resistance to heat flow across the interface of two materials.

51. Conductance is the measure of how easily heat is transferred through a material.

52. Heat Transfer Area is the surface area over which heat transfer takes place.

53. Isothermal refers to a process or condition in which the temperature remains constant.

54. An Isocoric Process is a thermodynamic process in which the volume remains constant.

55. An Isobaric Process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at constant pressure.

56. Heat Rate is the amount of heat energy transferred per unit of time.

57. Temperature Gradient is the change in temperature over a distance in a particular direction.

58. A Thermal Conductor is a material that readily transfers heat in contrast.

59. A Thermal Insulator is a material that resists the flow of heat.

60. The Film Coefficient refers to the convective heat transfer coefficient at the interface of a fluid and a
solid surface.

61. Thermal Stress is the stress generated in a material due to temperature changes.

62. Thermodynamics is the study of energy heat and their transformations.

63. Critical Heat Flux is the maximum heat flux at which heat can be transferred by boiling without
causing film boiling.
64. Forced Convection is heat transfer by fluid motion generated by external means like a fan or pump.

65. Natural Convection is heat transfer by fluid motion caused by density differences due to
temperature gradients.

66. Laminer Flow is a type of flow where a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers without turbulence

67. Turbulent Flow is a type of flow where fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations or mixing.

68. Heat Recovery is the process of capturing and reusing waste heat from a system.

69. Thermocline is a distinct temperature gradient in a body of water separating different temperature
layers.

70. Boiling Heat Transfer is heat transfer during the phase change from liquid to vapor.

71. Condensation Heat Transfer refers to the heat transfer that occurs during the phase change from
vapor to liquid.

72. Thermal Equilibrium is a state where all parts of a system have the same temperature and no heat
flows between them.

73. Permeability in terms of thermal properties is the ability of a material to allow heat to pass through
it.

74. Thermal Radiation is the process of heat transfer via electromagnetic radiation typically in the
infrared Spectrum.

75. The Heat Flow Path is the route that heat energy follows through a material or system.

76. Critical Temperature is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquified regardless of
pressure.

77. Thermal Loading refers to the exposure of materials to varying temperature conditions.

78. Thermistor a type of resistor whose resistance changes significantly with temperature.

79. Heat of Fusion the amount of heat required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its
melting point.

80. Heat of Vaporization the amount of heat required to change a substance from a liquid to a vapor at
its boiling point.

81. Thermal Mass the capacity of a material to absorb and store heat energy.

82. Convective Heat Transfer heat transfer due to the movement of fluid over a surface.
83. Thermal Expansion Coefficient a material property that describes the rate of expansion with
temperature changes.

84. Thermal Lag the delay and temperature change between the source of Heat and the object
absorbing the heat.

85. Vapor Pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given
temperature.

86. Thermal Shock refers to the stress and damage caused to a material by rapid temperature changes.

87. Boiling Point Elevation is the phenomenon where the boiling point of a liquid increases when a
solute is added.

88. Heat of Sublimation is the heat required to change a substance from solid to gas without passing
through the liquid state.

89. A Thermal Bridge is a part of an object or structure that allows heat to flowthrough it more easily
than the surrounding material.

90. The Heat Sink Effect is the ability of a material or device to absorb and dissipate heat from its
surroundings.

91. Cryogenics is the study and use of extremely low temperatures and their effects on materials.

92. Thermoelectric Affect the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice
versa

93. Seebeck Affect the generation of an electric current when two dissimilar conductors form a circuit
and are exposed to different temperatures.

94. Peltier Effect the heating or cooling of a junction of two dissimilar conductors when an electric
current passes through it.

95. Jewel heating the process where an electric current passing through a conductor produces

96. Heat Thermal Insulation Resistance measure of a material's resistance to conductive heat flow.

97. Thermal Management the use of techniques to control the temperature of systems and
components.

98. Thermal Balance a condition in which heat input equals heat output in a system.

99. Phase Transition is the process by which a substance changes from one state of matter to another
such as from solid to liquid.

100. Heat Leak refers to the unintended transfer of heat from a system reducing its efficiency.
101. Isentropic process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at constant entropy often idealized as
reversible and adiabatic.

102. Thermally Conductive Paste is a material used to enhance heat transfer between surfaces in
thermal management systems.

103. A Heat Engine is a system that converts thermal energy into mechanical work

104. Thermal Emission is the release of heat in the form of electromagnetic radiation

105. The Dew Point is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and water vapor
begins to condense.

106. Thermal Stratification is the formation of layers of different temperatures within a fluid due to
density differences.

107. Thermal Runaway is a condition in which an increase in temperature causes further heat
generation leading to out-of control temperature rise.

108. A Heat Pump is a device that transfers heat from a colder area to a warmer area by using
mechanical work.

109. The Thermal Efficiency Ratio or COPD is the ratio of useful heat output to the work input in
systems like heat pumps or refrigerators

110. A Counter-Flow Heat Exchanger is a heat exchanger where two fluids flow in opposite directions to
maximize heat transfer.

111. A Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger is a heat exchanger where two fluids flow in the same direction.

112. A Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger is a heat exchanger where two fluids flow perpendicular to
eachother.

113. Heat Sink Compound is a substance applied between a heat sink and its heat source to improve
thermal conductivity.

114. Film Boiling is a type of boiling where a thin layer of vapor forms between the heating surface and
the liquid reducing heat transfer efficiency.

115. Nucleate Boiling is the formation of vapor bubbles on a heated surface in a liquid enhancing heat
transfer

116. The Liedenfrost effect is a phenomenon where a liquid near its boiling point produces an insulating
vapor layer preventing it from rapidly boiling.

117. Thermal Choke is a condition in which heat transfer is limited by flow restrictions in a thermal
system.
118. Thermal Diffusion is the spread of heat within a medium from regions of higher temperature to
lower temperature.

119. Thermal Contact Conductance is the measure of how well heat is transferred between two
materials in contact.

120. Thermocycling is the repeated heating and cooling of a material to test its thermal durability.

121. Thermography involves the use of infrared Imaging to detect heat patterns and temperature
variations.

122. Thermal Fatigue refers to the weakening of a material caused by repeated thermal cycling.

123. Thermal Gradient Analysis is the study of temperature distribution in materials to predict heat
flow.

124. Thermal Lagging is the use of materials to slow down heat transfer in systems for energy efficiency.

125. Latent Heat Transfer occurs during a phase change of a material without changing temperature.

126. Thermal Shock Resistance is the ability of a material to withstand rapid temperature changes
without cracking or breaking.

127. Thermal Insulation Blanket is a flexible insulation material used to reduce heat loss in various
applications.

128. Thermal Clamping is the use of a device or structure to hold components together enhancing
thermal contact and heat dissipation.

129. Thermal Mapping is the process of plotting temperature distributions within a system or across

130. A Surface Thermal Runaway Detection is a system designed to monitor and prevent uncontrolled
temperature rise in devices like batteries

131. Effective Thermal Conductivity is the combined thermal conductivity of a system that includes
multiple materials or components.

132. Heat Transfer Fluid is a liquid or gas that is used to transfer heat in systems such as radiators or
solar panels.

133. Cryo-cooling is cooling to very low temperatures using cryogenic techniques often below -150° C.

134. Refractory Materials are materials designed to withstand very high temperatures without melting
or breaking down.

135. Thermal Storage the storage of heat energy for later use such as in a solar heating system.

136. Exothermic Reaction a chemical reaction that releases heat

137. Endothermic Reaction a chemical reaction that absorbs heat.

138. Film-Wise Condensation is condensation that occurs as a continuous film on a surface reducing
heat transfer efficiency

139. Drop-Wise Condensation is condensation that forms as individual droplets leading to higher heat
transfer efficiency.

140. Thermal Spraying a coating process where melted or heated materials are sprayed onto a surface
to improve thermal properties.

141. Phase Change Material, PCM, is a substance that absorbs or releases heat during phase transitions
such as melting or freezing to store thermal energy.

142. Heat Load refers to the total amount of heat energy that needs to be removed or added to
maintain a specific temperature.

143. A Thermal Brake is an element or material used to prevent heat transfer between parts of a
structure.

144. Thermal Boundary Resistance is the resistance to heat flow at the interface of two materials with
different thermal properties.

145. Thermal Clamp is a device that holds materials in place for optimal heat dissipation.

146. A Heat Shield is a material or structure that protects an object from excessive heat.

147. A Thermal Vacuum Test is a test to simulate the thermal conditions of outer space often used for
spacecraft and satellite components.

148. Convective Heat Loss is the loss of heat due to the movement of air or fluid away from a surface.

149. A Heat Recovery Ventilator or HRV is a device that recovers heat from exhaust air and transfers it
to incoming fresh air in ventilation systems.

150. A Thermopile is a device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy typically used in
sensors.

151. Thermal Imaging involves the use of infrared cameras to visualize and measure the temperature of
surfaces.

152. Heat Transfer Simulation utilizes computational methods to model and analyze heat transfer in
systems.

153. Thermal Breakthrough refers to the occurrence of heat transfer exceeding expected limits

often causing failure.

154. Thermal Conductivity Testing is the process of measuring a material's ability to conduct heat.

155. Heat Transfer Rate Equation mathematical equations used to calculate heat transfer rates in
various conditions

156. Heat Flow Rate the volume or mass of fluid that is heated or cooled per unit time.

157. Thermal Resistance Network a graphical representation of thermal resistances in series or parallel
to analyze heat transfer pathways.

158. Heat Loss Calculation the process of estimating the amount of heat energy lost from a building or
system

159. Thermal Runaway Prevention Techniques and Systems designed to mitigate the risk of
uncontrolled temperature increases.

160. Heat Balance and Analysis of the input and output of heat energy in a system to ensure
equilibrium.

161. Thermal Sensing the detection and measurement of temperature changes in materials or systems.

162. Heat Transfer Optimization is the process of improving heat transfer efficiency in systems through
design and material selection.

163. Thermal Stability refers to the ability of a material to maintain its properties at high temperatures.

164. Heat Dissipation is the process of releasing heat from a system to maintain an acceptable operating
temperature.

165. A Thermal Equilibrium state is a condition where temperature differences within a system have
been equalized.

166. Thermal Gradient Control involves techniques used to manage and control temperature
differences in a system.

167. Heat load Calculation is the assessment of heat energy required to maintain desired temperatures
in a space.

168. A Thermal Conductivity Model is a mathematical model used to predict the thermal conductivity of
materials under various conditions.

169. Heat Transfer Enhancement refers to the methods used to increase the rate of heat transfer in
systems such as using fins or turbulence promoter.

170. Thermal Adaptation is the ability of a material or system to adjust to varying thermal conditions

171. Heat Transfer Correlation involves empirical relationships that describe the behavior of heat
transfer in different scenarios.
172. Transient Response is the change in temperature of a system over time as it approaches thermal
equilibrium.

173. A Thermal Energy Storage System is designed to store excess thermal energy for later use.

174. Thermal Conductivity and Isotropy indicates the variation in thermal conductivity in different
directions within a material.

175. A Thermal Expansion joint is a flexible connector that accommodates changes in size due to
thermal expansion and structures.

176. Heat Transfer Resistance is the opposition to heat flow through materials and interfaces.

177. Heat Transfer Efficiency is a measure of how effectively a system transfers heat.

178. Conductive Heat Transfer refers to the transfer of heat through a solid or stationary fluid without
the movement of the fluid itself.

179. The Refrigeration Cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that removes heat from a low temperature
reservoir and transfers it to a high temperature reservoir.

180. A Cooling Load is the amount of heat that must be removed from a space to maintain a desired
temperature.

181. Thermodynamics is the study of heat transfer and energy transformation in physical systems

182. Heat Stress is the physiological strain resulting from exposure to high temperatures.

183. Cryogenic Heat Transfer is the study of heat transfer processes at very low temperatures.

184. A Thermal Circuit is a representation of thermal energy flow similar to an electrical circuit.

185. The Condensed Phase refers to the state of matter where particles are closely packed such as solids
and liquids.

186. Thermal Integration is the process of optimizing the use of heat within a system by combining
processes and equipment.

187. The Heat Balance Equation is a mathematical expression that balances the inputs outputs and
changes in energy within a system.

188. Thermal Conductivity measurement involves techniques used to determine the thermal
conductivity of materials in a laboratory setting.

189. Thermal Performance Testing is the evaluation of a system's ability to transfer and dissipate heat
under controlled conditions.