Deriving

Quadratic
Equations
and
Functions
 The definition and
characteristics of a
quadratic function and the
nature of zeroes or the roots
of the corresponding
equation will be helpful in
deriving quadratic function
or equations
—Deriving Quadratic
Equations and Functions
 Exampl
e1
Find the Quadratic Function whose graph passes through the points ( -3, -3 ), ( 0, 0 ),
Soluti
and ( 2, 4 ).
on
Any Quadratic Function is of the form f(x) = ax² + bx + c, where a, b, and c are real numbers
and a ≠ 0

Note:

● Finding the values of your a, b, and c in order to derive the given points to Quadratic
Functions

● f(x) = y / f(x) is equal to y

● Using the given points / ordered pairs substitute it as your x and y values in f(x) = ax² +
bx + c

● Substituting the 3 points / ordered pairs will result to 3 equations

 Exampl
e1
Find the Quadratic Function whose graph passes through the points ( -3, -3 ), ( 0, 0 ),
Soluti
and ( 2, 4 ).
on
Since the parabola passes through ( 0, 0 ), then
y = ax² + bx + c Substitute the given values of x and y (x = 0
and y = 0)
0 = a(0)² + b(0) + c Simplify the equation
0=0+0+c
c=0 ➝ YOU NOW HAVE THE VALUE
The parabola passes through ( -3, -3 ), hence
OF C y = ax² + bx + c Substitute the given values of x and y (x = -3 and y =
-3)
-3 = a(-3)² + b(-3) + 0
-3 = 9a -3b Equation 1
The parabola passes through ( 2, 4 ), thus
y = ax² + bx + c Substitute the given values of x and y (x = 2 and
y = 4)
4 = a(2)² + b(2) + 0
4 = 4a +2b Equation 2
 Exampl
e1
Find the Quadratic Function whose graph passes through the points ( -3, -3 ), ( 0, 0 ),
Soluti
and ( 2, 4 ).
on
Solving Equation (1) and Equation (2)
In order to solve the 2 given equation,
simultaneously: Multiply + 2 in the 1st Equation
9a - 3b = -3 ➝2(9a - 3b = -3)2 ➝ 18a - 6b = - Multiply +3 in the 2nd Equation
6 in order to cancel b for us to find the value of a
4a + 2b = 4 ➝3(4a + 2b = 4)3 ➝ + 12a +
6b =12 Simplify your answer
➝ YOU NOW HAVE THE VALUE OF a
Substituting a = ⅕ in Equation,
30a =6
4a + 2b = 4 substitute the given value of a
4( ⅕) +30
2b = 4 30 Solve for b
⅘ + 2b = 4
a2b==⅕4-⅘ Simplify the equation
2b = 16/5
2b = 16/5
2 2
b = 8/5 ➝ YOU NOW HAVE THE VALUE OF
 Exampl
e1
Find the Quadratic Function whose graph passes through the points ( -3, -3 ), ( 0, 0 ),
Soluti
and ( 2, 4 ).
on
Since the Quadratic Function
is
 Exampl
e2
Find the equation that represents the quadratic function in the given table:
Soluti x 0 1 2 3 4
on y -3 -1 -3 -9 -19
Let y = ax² + bx + c be the Quadratic Function. Since (0, -3). (-1, -1),
and (2, -3) are points of the parabola, then

Since the parabola passes through ( 0, -3 ), then

y = ax² + bx + c Substitute the given values of x and y (x = 0 and y
= -3)
-3 = a(0)² + b(0) + c Simplify the equation
-3 = 0 + 0 + c
c = -3 ➝ YOU NOW HAVE THE VALUE OF C
The parabola passes through ( -1, -1 ), hence
y = ax² + bx + c Substitute the given values of
x and y (x = -1 and y = -1)
-1 = a(-1)² + b(-1) -3
-1 = a + b - 3 / a + b - 3 = -1 Equation
1 The parabola passes through ( 2, -3 ), hence
y = ax² + bx + c Substitute the given values of x
and y (x = 2 and y = -3)
-3 = a(2)² + b(2) -3
-3 = 4a + 2b - 3 / 4a + 2b -3 = -3 Equation 2
 Exampl
e2
Soluti
on Solving Equation (1) and Equation (2) simultaneously:
a + b - 3 =-1 ➝ a + b = -1 + 3 ➝ a+b=2 /b=2-a

Simplifying Equation 2 and substituting b = 2 - a in the resulting

equation
4a + 2b -3 = -3 ➝ 4a + 2b = -3 + 3 ➝ 4a + 2b = 0
4a + 2b = 0 Solve for a
4a + 2(2 - a) = 0 Substitute your 1st Equation b=2-a
4a + 4 - 2a = 0 Combine like terms
4a - 2a + 4 = 0 Simplify the equation
2a + 4 = 0 Transpose +4 to the other side of the
equation to isolate a
2a = -4 Divide both sides by 2 to isolate a and simplify
the equation
2 2
a=-2 ➝ YOU NOW HAVE THE VALUE OF a

b=2-a Solve for b

b = 2 - (-2) Substitute the given value of a
b=2+2 Solve and simplify the equation
 Exampl
e2
Find the equation that represents the quadratic function in the given table:
Soluti
on x 0 1 2 3 4

y -3 -1 -3 -9 -19

Since a = -2, b = 4, c = -3, the

Quadratic Function is y = -2x² + 4x - 3.

The equation is -2x² + 4x - 3 = 0

01
.Effects of
Changing
the Value of
a
The value of a in The Opening of the Parabola and the Value of a
the Quadratic The graph of f(x) = ax² + bx + c opens upward if a
> 0. this implies that the parabola has the lowest
Function f(x) = point at .
ax² + bx + c The minimum value of the function is .

plays an
important role in The graph of f(x) = ax² + bx + c opens downward if
a < 0. this implies that the parabola has the
the opening of highest point at .
The maximum values of the function is .
the parabola
Moreover, the graph of f(x) = ax² + bx + c is
narrower than the graph of f(x) = x² if IaI > 1, and
wider if 0 < IaI < 1.
Exampl Without graphing, determine the opening of the parabola for each
Quadratic Function. Then, compare its opening to the graph of f(x) =
e 3 01 g (x)
x²
= 02 h(x) = -4x² -
. 3x² . 2x +1
g (x) = 3x²; h(x) = -4x² - 2x +1;
a=3 a = -4
Since a = 3 > 0, Since a = -4 < 0, the
the parabola opens upward, parabola opens downward,
and since, IaI = 3 > 1, and since
03 its graph is narrower than the
G(x)
graph = ½x²
of f(x) = x² 04
IaI = 4 > 1, its graph is
H(x) =f(x)
- ⅘x²
narrower than = x²
. + 3x -1 . +½
G(x) = ½x² + 3x -1; a = ½ H(x) = - ⅘x² + ½;
a=-⅘
Since a = ½ > 0, its graph
opens upward, and since IaI Since a = - ⅘ < 0, its
= ½ < 1 its graph is wider graph open downward,
than the graph of f(x) = x² and since IaI = ⅘ > 1, its
graph is narrower than
 . of
Effects
Changing the
Values of k
and h
EXAMPL
E 4 In one Cartesian coordinate plane, drawn the graph of each
Quadratic Function
 The Shifting of the Parabola and
the Value of h

The graph of a Quadratic Function f(x) = a(x-h)² + k

is shifted c units to the right if f₁ (x) = a [ x - ( h + c) ]² +

k, and is shifted c units to the left if f₂ (x) = a [ x - ( h - c) ]²
+k
EXAMPL
E 4 In one Cartesian coordinate plane, drawn the graph of each
Quadratic Function
 The Shifting of the Parabola and
the Value of k

The graph of a Quadratic Function f(x) = a(x-h)² + k

is shifted c units to the right if f₁ (x) = a [ (x - h)² + ( k + c

) ] , and is shifted c units to the left if f₂ (x) = a [ (x - h)² +
(k-c)]
 THANKS
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