Predictive Modeling with Python With Code ExamplesIntroduction to Predictive Modeling Predictive modeling is a statistical technique used to forecast future outcomes based on historical data. It involves analyzing patterns in existing data to make informed predictions about future events or behaviors. In this slideshow, we'll explore how to implement predictive models using Python, a versatile programming language with powerful libraries for data analysis and machine learning. Swipe next —>Feature Selection and Engineering Feature selection involves choosing the most relevant variables for your predictive model, while feature engineering is the process of creating new features from existing data. These steps are crucial for improving model performance and reducing overfitting. Python offers various techniques and libraries to assist with these tasks. Petar etna Swipe next —>Data Collectionand °*"" Preprocessing The first step in predictive modeling is gathering and preparing the data. This involves collecting relevant information from various sources, cleaning the data to remove inconsistencies or errors, and transforming it into a format suitable for analysis. Python's pandas library is excellent for these tasks, offering powerful tools for data manipulation and preprocessing. cee ee Seer Uae Ce CuO data.drop_dup1. get_dummies(data, co Swipe next —>e e e LogisticRegression “’*"" Logistic regression is a popular algorithm for binary classification problems. It predicts the probability of an instance belonging to a particular class. Despite its name, logistic regression is a classification algorithm, not a regression algorithm. Let's implement a logistic regression model for a binary classification task. Swipe next —>e e Linear Regression Linear regression is a fundamental predictive modeling technique used to establish a relationship between input variables and a continuous output variable. It assumes a linear relationship between the features and the target variable. Let's implement a simple linear regression model using Python's scikit- learn library. Swipe next —>ee Decision Trees Decision trees are versatile algorithms used for both classification and regression tasks. They make predictions by learning simple decision rules inferred from the data features. Decision trees are easy to interpret and can handle both numerical and categorical data. Let's implement a decision tree classifier using scikit-learn. Swipe next —>save for later [lj Random Forests Random forests are an ensemble learning method that constructs multiple decision trees and combines their predictions. This technique often results in better performance and reduced overfitting compared to individual decision trees. Let's implement a random forest classifier using scikit- learn. Swipe next —>follow for more setae SSL est CM Crary! Pee stra SCC eer Uece oe terte tr from sklearn.model_se Sera) from sklearn.metrics imp uracy_score, confi DesCson eto eu sar mst rst tcc Cre GMCS tee mer cee eC Ste Ce aca ms UT ae esc Tuma Set pent aay) Cee Cur as rsco CE ONS Casas meeerrt) Reo tm sae) confusion_matrix(y test, y_pi Dstt print( Pet Con aries) Retest eee) plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6)) BSG ea teat ire Preece een Steeaet secured Rese tets Cie) Perr) Cee ee ee ee print(f"0ut-of-bag Score: {oob_score:.4f}") Swipe next —>save for later [lj Support Vector Machines (SVM) Support Vector Machines are powerful algorithms used for classification and regression tasks. They work by finding the hyperplane that best separates different classes in high-dimensional space. SVMs are particularly effective in handling non-linearly separable data through the use of kernel functions. Let's implement an SVM classifier using scikit-learn. Swipe next —>port numpy 3s np Seaeo Cotte Caos Peart stre tet ecr ea a eer Tomst amet Umc a ore SEONG Stet nto cee een emerrt) te mens) a ees prec ete! suet print(classitica DRTC en Ror Psi ces hy PC ee an Cem ae d Dee eS Una Pa ere rapes Ce follow for more Swipe next —>save for later [lj K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) K-Nearest Neighbors is a simple yet effective algorithm used for both classification and regression tasks. It makes predictions based on the majority class (for classification) or average value (for regression) of the K nearest neighbors in the feature space. KNN is intuitive and easy to implement, making it a good starting point for many machine learning problems. Swipe next —>follow for more TL oa Pry ecast HoT Cac ee as Patra cies POS gecesi Sees age tUmc rae Tes Canes Uae acs med etre eee see metses iris = load_iris() X, y = iris.data, iris.target Cerrar sented CMe One eokerrtet CMC pees ieee TUR mec eta) y_pred = model.predict(Xx_test) EOE) Psu Garrone ia Pera Comer) eo Pune cL) POO Coca etree CG marcos Seer Une nss Tu) Rec r ea uueos ita tae TSB) figure(figsize=(10, 6)) Sea met eco) xlabel('Value of K') ylabel('Testing Accuracy) erst aL atta show() K on Accuracy") Swipe next —>Naive Bayes Naive Bayes is a probabilistic classifier based on applying Bayes' theorem with strong independence assumptions between the features. Despite its simplicity, Naive Bayes often performs surprisingly well and is particularly useful for text classification tasks. Let's implement a Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier using scikit-learn. Swipe next —>follow for more Gradient Boosting Gradient Boosting is an ensemble learning technique that builds a series of weak learners (typically decision trees) to create a strong predictor. It works by iteratively improving upon the previous model's errors. Gradient Boosting is known for its high performance and is widely used in various competitions and real-world applications. Swipe next —>save for later [lj Example cro aes SECT Te oe eee Cesar er rra sts POs Te eorUmetyael send Desc ease per weer Cetra: Cesc Poemst treet ocr) Net rseetry st Gm Cet mcr Psst: caress . CBee Um at Sts. ARCS Poacat PMc rete Moar set rest (CMe str ies CLet rumcs peer mest ered) Pereereemesr Unmet OD) Coe Ete OR ot emcee mc) Psttear etary 4 prtauee tre cret he csi) print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred)) eee oat LCR Me eMac Peat eC Sem ee atau sacs Pe CU ea Cee CS mean) plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6) Ste nC eC comet occu ertat Crary CoresaD) Steicc Cem ca etd i in sorted_idx]) plt.xlabel('Feature Importance’) DtestsC Gr ew acute UR cH SC SUD) PbsestiaaeeyT Tsp) plt.show() Swipe next —>follow for more Model Evaluation and Validation Model evaluation and validation are crucial steps in the predictive modeling process. They help us assess the performance of our models and ensure that they generalize well to unseen data. Common techniques include cross-validation, learning curves, and various performance metrics. Let's explore some of these methods using scikit-learn. Swipe next —>save for later [lj coy Comer Cs moos rest) occugeortttet areretriss Dastees ge worrcte ce Gmr ie Dasthe ) pore Seen oe Pere Cameras Coe PotQeer ers tCree leet ta ameccers pore ae eecumetrer eure Se Tess eee en eerie) eee ea areas Peete ec terra Pec se eiet) ete eecumetey eee eee mee train_scores_ne: aoe} Boney re) roe er me erate A ae hart s alpha=0.1, punter Gmceremmer tierce et SrareU Lear cru ace) pee eceer mre ec rn 5 re Seas tes EC riety Reese oMGec trues cera) ("Learning Curve") gend(loc="best") Swipe next —>follow for more Hyperparameter Tuning Hyperparameter tuning is the process of finding the optimal set of hyperparameters for a machine learning model. This step is crucial for maximizing model performance. Two common approaches for hyperparameter tuning are Grid Search and Random Search. Let's implement these techniques using scikit-learn. Swipe next —>Example save for later [lj STE) from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV, RandomizedSearchcV Pes Cram Cus ma aa cuca Ce reecg from sklearn.datasets import make_classification Poston oer st cCheC icwcrromor arses LORS Stet ister Scr 5 Deusen n_classes=2, random_state=42) pec TO et oe ee TO eee Tm a TeLLe nae Perea rs} COMIC Cus eT oe steer cums toes) Poca s Chane Poca SC eT To} So CUT ccu) Pe me ea Coe eee Um es sO Stee SC , ea eae ees) (mo cums St) best_model = grid_search.best_estimator. (eee et ee errs mses aetna c f Swipe next —>follow for more Real-life Example: House Price Prediction Let's apply our predictive modeling skills to a real- world problem: predicting house prices. We'll use a dataset containing various features of houses and their corresponding prices. This example demonstrates the entire workflow, from data preprocessing to model evaluation. Swipe next —>save for later [lj mth Seen Derotrccy oyna pun oeeu) StandardScaler seem st) Cone net Steere eee eee mre cee cme ast = deta.drop( ‘price’, axis=1) ee eler etd aces Paerety ee peeearerte) Deeett meer tm ys en eee aero} 2 = x2_score(y test, y_pred) Deeg Tos Betta eee ecciey tiene ean Tees one rere ar ear teee ar eee aot EC ae rey oecoiies! eet ss ea ee cia set me UCerc circ eee et DOC ECR ec re ae ean) See coun emerson k Swipe next —>follow for more Additional Resources For those interested in delving deeper into predictive modeling and machine learning, here are some valuable resources: 1.ArXiv.org: A comprehensive repository of research papers on machine learning and predictive modeling. URL: https://arxiv.org/list/stat.ML/recent 2. Scikit-learn Documentation: Official documentation for the scikit-learn library, which provides extensive resources on machine learning algorithms and techniques. 3.Kaggle: A platform for data science competitions and a wealth of datasets for practice. 4.Machine Learning Mastery: A blog with practical tutorials and guides on various machine learning topics. 5.Coursera Machine Learning Course: A popular online course by Andrew Ng, covering fundamental concepts in machine learning.Follow For More Data | Science Content peti