The Good Shepherd School of Imelda, Inc.

RIVERSIDE, IMELDA, ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAYSEC. REG. #G19700393

GOVERNMENT PERMIT No. 37 S. 2015 (PRESCHOOL TO COMPLETE ELEMENTARY)
GOVERNMENT RECOGNITION (R-IX) NO. 002, S. 2008 (COMPLETE SECONDARY COURSE)

LESSON PLAN
Name of Teacher Christy P. Betita Subject SCIENCE
Grade Level 9 Time Allotment 1 Hour
Time Schedule August/MWF Time Frame 8:40am-9:40am
Quarter 1st semester/ Week 3 Evaluation Items 10 items

TOPIC Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working with the other Organ Systems
UNIT STANDARD CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate understanding of how the different structures of the
circulatory and respiratory systems work together to transport oxygen-rich blood
and nutrients to the different parts of the body.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners should be able conduct an information dissemination activity on
effective ways of taking care of the respiratory and circulatory systems based on
data gathered from the school or local health workers.
PRIOR Directions: Connecting to the Past
KNOWLEDGE Directions: From the word bank below, classify which one belongs to Respiratory
A. Reviewing previous and Circulatory System. Write your answer inside the box.
lesson or presenting Heart lungs bronchi ventricle hair like tubes pharynx
the new lesson veins capillary diaphragm nasal cavity arteries valves
trachea aorta coronary

ESSENTIAL What are the main functions of the circulatory system?

QUESTIONS How does the heart pump blood through the body?
Establishing a purpose What roles do arteries, veins, and capillaries play?
of the lesson What is the path of blood flow in the body?
What are the components of blood, and what do they do?
ESSENTIAL The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste
UNDERSTANDING throughout the body, while also regulating temperature, pH, and fluid balance, and
supporting immune function. The heart pumps blood through two circuits: the
pulmonary circuit, which sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up
oxygen, and the systemic circuit, which distributes oxygenated blood to the body.
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, veins return deoxygenated
blood to the heart, and capillaries facilitate the exchange of substances between
blood and tissues. Blood flows in a path from the heart to the lungs, back to the
heart, then out to the body, and back to the heart. Blood is composed of red blood
cells that transport oxygen, white blood cells that fight infections, platelets that
help with clotting, and plasma that carries nutrients, waste, and proteins.
OBJECTIVES Within the given period the Grade 11 students are expected to do the following
with at least 75% level of accuracy:
a. Explain the key functions of the circulatory system, including how the
heart, blood vessels, and blood components work together to transport
oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.
b. describe the path of blood flow through the heart, lungs, and body using
diagrams or models, demonstrating a clear understanding of the circulatory
pathways.
c. Appreciate the importance of maintaining a healthy circulatory system by
reflecting on how lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise, and stress
management, can impact cardiovascular health and overall well-being.
VALUES Emphasize the intricate design and functionality of the circulatory system,
INTEGRATION encouraging students to respect the complexity and wonder of the human body.
 This can foster a greater appreciation for life and the importance of taking care of
one’s health.
RESOURCES Government of the Philippines, Department of Education. 2015. Grade 9
Learner’s Material. Manila.

LESSON PROPER
STAGES ACTIVITIES
Exploration Time Allotment: Day: Tuesday
(EXPLORE) Directions: Are you familiar with the parts of your heart and how blood flows inside it? Try
Presenting to answer this activity using the list of words given.
examples/insta
nces of the new
lesson

Explanation Time Allotment: 1 hour Day: Tuesday

(FIRM UP) The Circulatory system also called as the cardiovascular system or the transport system, is
D. Discussing new the responsible for the following functions:
concepts and  For transport of nutrients, oxygen, and metabolic or waste products
practicing new  For protecting the body from infection and blood loss
skills  For maintaining fluid balance within the body

The Major Parts of the Circulatory System

There are three major parts of the human circulatory system. These are the heart, blood,
and the blood vessels.

1. Heart
- The heart is the muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, through
the blood vessels.
- This supplies oxygen and other essential nutrients.
- It also removes carbon dioxide and other waste from the tissues of the body.
- The heart can pump about 2000gallons of blood through the body every day.

Parts of the Heart

1. Atrium- is a hollow chamber found of the heart.
Divisions of Atrium
o Right atrium (RA)- receives deoxygenated blood that has returned from
the different parts of the body.
o Left atrium (LA)- receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

2. Ventricles- these are two hollow chambers found at the bottom part of the heart that
receive blood from the atria.
o Right Ventricle- pushes blood into the artery that leads to the lungs
during contraction. The blood will then be oxygenated before it goes back to
the heart. The blood vessels receive blood whenever the heart contracts for
transport through the body.
o Left ventricle- is the largest and strongest among four chambers due to
its forceful action to pump enough blood to the entire body.
3. Septum – is a membrane which is composed of a muscular wall that goes down the
middle of the heart and separates the left atrium and ventricle.
4. Valves- separate the different parts of the heart from each other. They keep the blood
flow in its proper places from its origin and to its destination.
- The LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE is divided by the MINTRAL
VALVE
- The RIGHT ATRIUM and RIGHT VETRICLE by the TRICUSPID VALVE
- The aortic and pulmonary open and close due to its response to the pressure
changes inside the heart.
How busy is the right side of the heart?
o The right atrium (RA) receives the deoxygenated blood from the different parts of the
body.
o The tricuspid valve (TV) opens every time the ventricle is full to release and regulate
its blood flow the atrium to the right ventricle (RV).
o The tricuspid valve automatically closes to regulate blood flow when the pressure is
to high in the RV.
o The contraction of the heart signals the opening of the pulmonary valve (PV) which
allows the RV to drive blood into the pulmonary (PA) and lungs.
o When the ventricle is unfilled, the PV closes to prevent the blood to flow back into
the ventricle.
How busy is the left side of the heart?
o The blood is now rich with oxygen.
o The oxygenated blood returned from the lungs and enter the atrium.
o When the left atrium is filled, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the left
atrium to the left ventricle.
o The mitral valve then closes and stops blood flow into the ventricle once it reached high
pressure.
o The left ventricle pushes blood into the aorta once the aortic valve opens, signaled by the
contraction of the heart.
o The blood pushed by the LV will now flow to the different blood vessels of the body.
o The aortic valve will then closed to avoid the blood to flow back.
o The heart acts as a pump collecting and supplying vital substances to the cells and
removing waste materials from it as well. This is done combined contractions and
relaxation of the chambers of the heart. This process is known as the cardiac cycle.

CARDIAC CYCLE
- refers to the sequence of events that take place during the completion of one
heartbeat.

SYSTOLE -contraction of the heart

DISTOLE- relaxation of the heart or when the heart is filling with blood.

The sequence is as follows:

1. Blood enters the heart.
- The atria and ventricles are both relax (diastole). Blood enters the atria while all
valves are closed.
2. Blood is pumped from atria to ventricles.
- Electrical impulses pumps blood to the ventricles that cause the tricuspid and
bicuspid valves open. The vena cava and pulmonary veins close to stop blood
entering the atria while the semi-lunar valves remain closed at this time.
3. Blood leaves the heart.
- The atria relax and triggers by impulses from the AV node which cause the
ventricles to contract (ventricular systole). It then forces blood to go out of the
heart to the pulmonary artery and the aorta. The pressure causes the force to open
the semilunar valves and closes the cuspid valves (producing the “lub” sound).
- The ventricles now relax again. The closing of the semi-lunar valves prevents
blood flowing back into the ventricles which causes the ‘dub’ sound.
4. The cycle repeats by itself-about 70 times per minute for an adult.
Note that:
o Closing of the valves produce hearts sounds which may be heard as “lub dub”
phonetically.
- “lub” is low-pitched, more quiet and long-lasting sound.
 - “dub” is the higher-pitched, louder, and shorter sound.
o A heart murmur is any abnormal sound associated with the heart that may
indicate damage to one or more of the valves.
o The contraction of the heart is followed by a wave of electrical signals. It is
triggered by a special node of the heart muscles referred to as sinoatrial node
or pacemaker, located in the right atrium.
o A person with heartbeat irregularities use artificial battery-powered
pacemakers to regulate to heartbeat to bring it back to its normal condition.
o Different factors that increase the rate of heartbeat include exercise,
temperature, emotions, and shock while factors that decrease it are relaxation,
sleep, and alcohol.

THE BLOOD
 An adult has an average of 4.8 to 5.6 liters which is approximately 7% of the total
body weight.
 This is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells platelets, and plasma.
 Aside from this component, the cardiovascular system also helps to move the lymph,
a clear fluid that helps the body to be freed from unwanted or waste materials.
BLOOD COMPONENT FEATURES FUNCTION
Red Blood Cells (RBC) or o Biconcave disc o Carry oxygen from
erythrocytes o High surface area the lungs to the
o No nucleus different parts of the
o Contains hemoglobin body.
carrying oxygen
o Elastic membrane

White Blood Cells (WBC) or o Larger flattened disc o Help fight infections
leukocytes o Usually no definite and strengthen the
shape immune system of
o Made in red bone the body
marrow o Produces enzymes to
digest foreign
materials.
Platelets or Thrombocytes o Tiny colorless cell o Help in the blood
fragments clotting process
o No definite shape preventing blood
o No nucleus loss.

Plasma o Straw-colored liquid o Liquid medium to

which holds blood transport blood cells
cells and dissolved
o 90%water, 10% substances
dissolved substances o Helps to maintain
o PH is 7.4 constant body
temperature.

BLOOD VESSELS
 The blood leaves the heart through the arteries, reaches the tissues through the
capillaries and return to the heart through the veins. Each type of blood vessels has a
space wherein blood passes through called LUMEN.

THREE TYPES OF FEATURES FUNCTION

BLOOD VESSELS
Arteries o Thick wall lining containing o Carry blood away
elastic and muscle fibers from the heart
o Much smaller fibers
o Much smaller lumen
o No valves
Veins o Thinner wall containing les o Carry blood towards
 elastic and muscle fibers the heart
o Much bigger lumen
o Have valves to prevent back
flow
Capillaries o Thin walled vessels (just one cell o Exchange of
thick) substances between
o Microscopic cells and blood occur
here
o Connect arteries to
veins

Double Circulation of the Circulatory System

 In the human circulatory system or of other mammals, blood goes in the heart two
times during a single cycle which is termed as double circulation.
1. Pulmonary Circulation
The blood is being transported from the heart to the lungs to pick oxygen and return it
to the heart. In this process, the rest of the body parts are not directly involved.
2. Systematic Circulation
The circulation carries the blood from the pulmonary circuit, the transports
deoxygenated blood back to the heart which will then proceed through the pulmonary
circuit for oxygenated.

THE RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS WORKING TOGETHER

Every cell in your body needs nutrients and oxygen to function, but it also needs to get rid of
waste products. The circulatory system transports blood and other materials. It carries
essential supplies to the cells and extracts their wastes. The organization of the blood vessels
in the circulatory system also keeps oxygen-poor blood from mixing with oxygen-rich blood.
While in respiratory system, gas exchange takes place. You can think of it as a supply
warehouse where the blood can load up oxygen (O2) and expel carbon dioxide (CO2). The
lungs of the respiratory system are the only place in your body where gases in the blood are
exchanged with gases from the atmosphere. The respiratory and circulatory systems work
closely together to maintain homeostasis in the face of constant change. Every time you
exercise, lie down to rest, or simply stand up, you change your needs for oxygen and
nutrients. As a result, your heart speeds up or slows down and you breathe faster or slower,
depending on your activity.

1. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

 Description: High pressure in arteries can lead to heart disease and stroke.
 Risk Factors: Poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, smoking.
 Symptoms: Often asymptomatic; can cause headaches and shortness of breath.
2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
 Description: Narrowing of coronary arteries reduces blood flow to the heart.
 Risk Factors: High cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure.
 Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath.
3. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
 Description: Blocked blood flow to the heart muscle causes damage.
 Risk Factors: Similar to CAD.
 Symptoms: Chest pain, discomfort in upper body, nausea.
4. Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure)
 Description: The heart can’t pump blood effectively.
 Risk Factors: CAD, high blood pressure, heart valve diseases.
 Symptoms: Shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in legs.
5. Stroke
 Description: Interruption of blood flow to the brain causes brain damage.
 Risk Factors: High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes.
 Symptoms: Sudden numbness, confusion, difficulty speaking.
6. Atherosclerosis
 Description: Arteries harden and narrow due to plaque buildup.
 Risk Factors: High cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking.
 Symptoms: Often asymptomatic but can lead to CAD and stroke.
 7. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
 Description: Narrowed arteries in the legs reduce blood flow.
 Risk Factors: Smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure.
 Symptoms: Leg pain or cramping when walking.
8. Rheumatic Heart Disease
 Description: Damage to heart valves from rheumatic fever.
 Risk Factors: Untreated strep throat.
 Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain.
9. Varicose Veins
 Description: Swollen, twisted veins, often in the legs.
 Risk Factors: Prolonged standing, pregnancy, obesity.
 Symptoms: Leg pain, swollen veins.
10. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
 Description: Blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
 Risk Factors: Prolonged immobility, surgery.
 Symptoms: Leg swelling, pain.
Prevention and Management
 Lifestyle Changes: Eat healthy, exercise, quit smoking, manage stress.
 Medical Care: Regular check-ups and treatments as needed.

A milestone in Circulatory Science

Year of Discovery Important Event/Discovery Source

16th century Provided some of the earliest The Ebers Papyrus, an
writing on the circulatory system. ancient Egyptian medical
First described the connection of document.
the heart to the arteries.
6th century B.C. Described how vital fluids are Ayurvedic physician
transported through the body
2nd century A.D. Identified how blood vessels carry Document of Greek
blood noted that each has a physician, Galen
separate function to and from the
heart.
1628 First described blood circulation William Harvey, an English
Physician
1706 First described the chambers and Raymond de Vieussens, a
vessels of the heart. French anatomy professor
1733 First measured the human blood Stephen Hales, an English
pressure. scientist
1816 Invented the first stethoscope Rene T.H. Laennec, a
French physician.
1902 First documented a heart disease James B. Herrick, an
caused by the hardening of the American physician
arteries.
1903 Invented the first Dutch physiologist Willen
electrocardiograph Einthoven
1952 First successful open-heart surgeryA F. John Lewis, an American
happened Surgeon.

Exposition Time Allotment: Day: Thursday

(DEEPEN) 1. What are the main functions of the circulatory system?
G. Making o The circulatory system's main functions are to transport oxygen, nutrients,
generalizatio hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It also helps regulate
ns and
body temperature, pH balance, and fluid balance, and plays a key role in
abstractions
about the immune system function by transporting white blood cells.
lesson 2. How does the heart pump blood through the body?
o The heart pumps blood through the body in two main circuits: the pulmonary
circuit and the systemic circuit. The right side of the heart pumps
deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries, where it picks up
oxygen. The left side of the heart then pumps the oxygenated blood through
 the aorta to the rest of the body. The heart's pumping action is driven by
coordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles, regulated by electrical
impulses.
3. What roles do arteries, veins, and capillaries play?
o Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body's tissues.
Veins return oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. Capillaries are small, thin
blood vessels that connect arteries and veins; they allow for the exchange of
oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.
4. What is the path of blood flow in the body?
o Blood flows from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary circulation) to pick up
oxygen and then returns to the heart. From there, it is pumped out to the rest
of the body (systemic circulation). The flow path is:
 Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs →
Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Body →
Veins → Right atrium.
5. What are the components of blood, and what do they do?
o Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return
carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. White blood cells are part
of the immune system and help fight infections. Platelets are involved in
blood clotting to prevent bleeding. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood that
carries hormones, nutrients, waste products, and proteins.
Integration Time Allotment:
(TRANSFER) GRASP Activity: "Design a Healthy Heart Campaign"
H. Creating a Goal:
Realistic To create an educational campaign that promotes heart health and the importance of the
Performance circulatory system, targeting different age groups and communities.
Output Role:
You are a member of a health advocacy team tasked with designing and implementing an
informative and engaging campaign.
Audience:
The campaign will be aimed at three distinct groups:
1. Elementary School Students (age 6-10)
2. Teenagers (age 11-17)
3. Adults (age 18+)
Situation:
Your team has been invited by a local health organization to develop a campaign that
educates each audience about the circulatory system, the importance of heart health, and how
lifestyle choices can impact cardiovascular health. The campaign must be tailored to suit the
needs and understanding of each group.
Product:
Create a comprehensive campaign including the following components for each audience:
1. Educational Materials:
o Elementary School Students: Develop an interactive poster or a storybook
that explains the basics of the circulatory system in a fun and engaging way.
o Teenagers: Create a multimedia presentation or a social media campaign with
infographics and videos highlighting how lifestyle choices affect heart health.
o Adults: Design a pamphlet or an online guide with practical tips on
maintaining cardiovascular health, including diet, exercise, and stress
management.
2. Activity Plan:
o Elementary School Students: Plan a classroom activity or game that
reinforces the concepts of the circulatory system and encourages healthy
habits.
o Teenagers: Organize a workshop or seminar with interactive elements, such
as quizzes or group discussions, focusing on cardiovascular health.
o Adults: Host a community seminar or create a webinar that includes expert
talks and Q&A sessions about heart health and disease prevention.
3. Evaluation Methods:
o Design a feedback form or survey for each group to assess the effectiveness of
 your campaign and gather suggestions for improvement.
Implementation Tips:
 Use age-appropriate language and visuals to ensure the campaign materials are
accessible and engaging for each audience.
 Incorporate interactive elements, such as quizzes or hands-on activities, to enhance
learning and retention.
 Provide actionable advice and practical tips that individuals can easily incorporate
into their daily lives.

Evaluation Time Allotment: 1 hour Day: Tuesday

(TRANSFER) 1. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
 A) Digestion of food
 B) Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste
 C) Production of hormones
 D) Regulation of body temperature
Answer: B) Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste
2. Which part of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
 A) Left atrium
 B) Right ventricle
 C) Left ventricle
 D) Right atrium
Answer: B) Right ventricle
3. How do arteries differ from veins?
 A) Arteries carry deoxygenated blood; veins carry oxygenated blood.
 B) Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart; veins carry deoxygenated
blood to the heart.
 C) Arteries are thinner than veins.
 D) Veins carry blood away from the heart; arteries carry blood to the heart.
Answer: B) Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart; veins carry
deoxygenated blood to the heart.
4. What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
 A) To pump blood to the lungs
 B) To exchange gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues
 C) To carry blood away from the heart
 D) To store blood for future use
Answer: B) To exchange gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues
5. In which part of the heart does oxygen-rich blood enter after returning from the
lungs?
 A) Right ventricle
 B) Left atrium
 C) Right atrium
 D) Left ventricle
Answer: B) Left atrium
6. What is the correct sequence of blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back to
the heart?
 A) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium
 B) Left atrium → Left ventricle → Lungs → Right atrium
 C) Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle
 D) Left ventricle → Lungs → Right atrium → Right ventricle
Answer: A) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium
7. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?
 A) White blood cells
 B) Platelets
 C) Plasma
 D) Red blood cells
Answer: D) Red blood cells
8. How can regular exercise benefit the circulatory system?
 A) By reducing the number of red blood cells
 B) By decreasing the heart's ability to pump efficiently
 C) By improving blood circulation and reducing blood pressure
 D) By increasing the risk of heart disease
 Answer: C) By improving blood circulation and reducing blood pressure
9. What lifestyle factor is least likely to impact cardiovascular health?
 A) A diet high in fruits and vegetables
 B) Regular physical activity
 C) Smoking tobacco
 D) Excessive stress and poor stress management
Answer: A) A diet high in fruits and vegetables
10. Why is it important to manage stress for cardiovascular health?
 A) Stress decreases the number of white blood cells
 B) Stress improves heart function by increasing heart rate
 C) Chronic stress can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease
 D) Stress has no effect on cardiovascular health
Answer: C) Chronic stress can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease

Criteria for
Evaluation

Performance Time Allotment: Day: Monday

Output The students will present their output in front.
(TRANSFER)
Advance Study Heredity: Inheritance and Variation