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1a. Function

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Krisha Marie J. Añalucas
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19 views42 pages

1a. Function

Uploaded by

Krisha Marie J. Añalucas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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(−2, 5) (2, 5)

(−5, 2)

(−2, 0)
(−5, −2) (0, −2) (5, −2)

(2, −5)
RELATION AND
FUNCTION
By: Larry Jay B. Valero
RELATION
WHAT IS RELATION?
❑ A relation is any set of one or more ordered pairs.
❑A rulethat relates values from a set of values (domain) to a
second set of values (range).
❑A set of inputs and outputs oftentimes expressed as
ordered pairs (input, output)
❑ any set of ordered pairs (x, y) of real numbers
❑An independent variable corresponds to more than one
variable
X Input Abscissa Independent variable Domain
Y Output Ordinate Dependent variable Range

Domain – denoted by D, is the set of values of x of the


relation
Range – denoted by R, is the set of values of y of the
relation
Types of Relation
1. one-to-one correspondence
2. one-to-many correspondence
3. many-to-one correspondence
4. many-to-many correspondence
DIFFERENT WAYS TO
REPRESENT A
RELATION
1. Mapping Diagram
1 2 1 is the pre-image of 2

2 3 3 is the image of 2

3 4 1. one-to-one
correspondence
4 5
Domain: D = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }
Range: R = { 2, 3, 4, 5 }
X Y
1. Mapping Diagram
2

3 2. one-to-many
1
correspondence
4

5
1. Mapping Diagram
2

3
1
3. many-to-one
4 correspondence

5
1. Mapping Diagram

3
1
4. many-to-many
4 correspondence
2
5
{ (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4) }
2. Ordered Pairs
✓A = { (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4) (4, 5) }
D= { 1, 2, 3, 4}
R= { 2, 3, 4, 5 }
✓B = { (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 3) }
✓C = { (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5) }
✓D = { (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1) }
✓E = { (1, 4), (2, 5), (4, 6), (1, 7) }
3. Graph
4. Table of values
1. x 1 1 2 2
y 4 5 4 3

2. x 1 2 3 4
y 2 3 4 5
3.
x 1 1 1 1
y 2 3 4 5

4. x 1 2 4 1
y 4 5 6 7
5.
x 2 3 1 0
y 3 3 4 5
5. Equation
❑𝑥 +𝑦 =1 𝑦 = 2𝑥
𝑦2 𝑥2
❑𝑦 =4 − =1
25 16
❑𝑥 = 1
❑𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4
❑𝑦 2 = 𝑥
❑𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 1
❑𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4
𝑥2 𝑦2
❑ + = 1
4 9
𝑥2
❑𝑦 =
𝑥+1
FUNCTION
What is a Function?
❑ It is the relation in which each element of the domain
corresponds to exactly one element of the range.
❑Function denoted as y = f(x) is a relation where no two
ordered pairs have the same first element (x-coordinate
or input or abscissa.
𝐹: 𝑥 → 𝑦, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅
❑A relation of values of the sets can only be arranged in
a one – to – one or many – to – one manner, where
every other arrangements do not work.
• Theidea of function can be understood as a “number-
producing machine”

• The output of a function is called the value of the function


• Many real – life situations can be modeled by functions. For
instance, the area A of a circle is a function of the circle’s
radius, r.
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
• Compound interest is a function of initial investment, interest
rate, and time.

•Aweekly salary is a function of the hourly pay rate, and the


number of hours worked.

• Supply and demand: As price goes up, demand goes down.


DIFFERENT WAYS TO
REPRESENT A
FUNCTION
1. Mapping Diagram
1 2

2 3 one-to-one
correspondence
3 4

4 5

Function
1. Mapping Diagram
1 2 If x = 2, then f(x) =
2 3 f(x) = 3
If f(x) = 5, then x =
3 4
x=4
4 5

X Y
1. Mapping Diagram
2

3 one-to-many
1
correspondence
4
{ (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5) }
5

NOT Function
1. Mapping Diagram
2

3
1
3. many-to-one
4 correspondence

Function
1. Mapping Diagram
2 If x = 3, then f(3) =
f(3) = 1
3 If f(x) = 1, then x = 2
1
x=3
4
x=4
5
x=5
1. Mapping Diagram

3
1
4. many-to-many
4 correspondence
2
5

NOT Function
2. Ordered Pairs
✓A = { (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4) (4, 5) } Function
✓B = { (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 3) } NOT function
✓C = { (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5) } NOT function
✓D = { (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1) } Function
✓E = { (1, 4), (2, 5), (4, 6), (1, 7) } NOT function
✓F = { (2, 3), (3, 3), (1, 4), (0, 5) } Function
✓A = { (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4) (4, 5) }
If x = 2, then f(2) =
f(2) = 3
If f(x) = 5, then x =
x=4
F = { (2, 3), (3, 3), (1, 4), (0, 5) }
If x = 1, then f(1) =
f(1) = 4
If f(x) = 3, then x =
x = 2, x = 3
3. Graph
• Youcan determine if a relation is a function by
using the Vertical Line Test.
• Function
• Linear Function
𝑓 2 =
𝑓 2 =2

𝑓 −3 =
𝑓 −3 = −3
Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Range: (−∞, +∞)
• NOT Function

𝑓 1 =
𝑓 1 = 1, −1
𝑓 4 =
𝑓 4 = 2, −2

Domain: [0, +∞)


Range: (−∞, +∞)
• Function
• Absolute value
Function
𝑓 1 =
𝑓 1 =1
𝑓 −3 =
𝑓 −3 = 3
Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Range: [0, +∞)
• Function
• Greatest Integer
Function
f(1) =
f(1) = 1
f(4) =
f(4) = 4
Domain: (−∞, +∞)
Range: set of integers
• NOT Function

Domain: [−5, +5]


Range: [−5, +5]
• Function
• Radical Function

Domain: [0, +∞)


Range: [0, +∞)
• NOT Function

Domain: 𝑥 = 6
Range: (−∞, +∞)
NOT Function

Domain: [−2, 4]
Range: [−2, 6]
• Function
• Constant
Function

Domain: (−∞, +∞)


Range: 𝑦 = 2.5
• Function
• Quadratic Function

Domain: (−∞, +∞)


Range: [−2, +∞)
f(1) =
f(1) = 2
If f(x) = 0, then x =
x = 3, - 3.25
g(1) =
g(1) = -2
If g(x) = -1, then x =
x=-2
Domain: [−4, 3]
Range: [−2, 2]
𝑓 1 =
𝑓 1 = undefined

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