Scribd
Upload
2K views3 pages

Telecommunication Principles - Notes 1

Telecommunications

Uploaded by

Shadrack Mutinda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views3 pages

Telecommunication Principles - Notes 1

Telecommunications

Uploaded by

Shadrack Mutinda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

CHAPTER 1.

0
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

With advancements of every society regarding educational, business, manufacturing, computing,


agricultural sectors etc, there became an intense desire for individuals (humans), as well as
objects to communicate with other individuals such relatives, friends, associates, etc across the
globe. Interactions such as such Human to human (H2H), Machine to Machine (M2M), or even
human to machine (H2M) usually involves communication. The science of communication

long distance.

Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and
sounds (or intelligence) of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems
over a distance.

Figure 1.i: Block Diagram of a communication system

FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAMS ABOVE

Information Source: the message to be communicated originates in the information


source. There can be various messages in the form of words, group of words, code,
symbols, sound signal etc. out of all these messages, only the desired message is selected
and communicated. Therefore the function of the information source is to produced
required message which has to be transmitted.
Input Transducer: a transducer is a device which converts one forma of energy into
another form. In a case where the message produced by the information source is not
electrical in nature, an input transducer is used to convert it into a time varying electrical
signal
Transmitter: the function of the transmitter is to process the message signal into a form
suitable for transmission over the communication channel.

LCP Lecture Note_EEC 128_Telecommunication Engineering 1_ by: Engr. A. Ojo-Williams Page 2


The Channel & the noise: this is the medium through which the message travels from
the transmitter to the receiver. There are two types of channels: point-to-point and
broadcast channel. Examples of point-to-point channels are wire lines, microwave links
and optical fibers. Broadcast channel provides a capacity where several receiving stations
can be reached simultaneously from a single transmitter. An example of the broadcast
channel is a satellite in geostationary orbit, which covers about one-
surface.
Receiver: this reproduces the message signal in electrical form from the distorted
received signal through the process known as demodulation or detection.
Output Transducer: this is the conversion of electrical message signal into its original
form. For example, in radion broadcasting, the output transducer is the loudspeaker
which which works by converting the electrical signal in the form of original sound
signal

In technical context, communication defines transmission, reception and processing of


information by electronic means. The original communication systems viz: line telegraphy was
invented in the eighteen forties. But radio communication became a reality in the beginning of
the 20th century with the invention of triode devices. Radio communication has evolved
immensely from the 2nd world war till date. This is as a result of the explosion in the invention
of transistors, integrated circuits and other semi-
count still drives the electronic industries supporting telecommunication till date. In the recent
years, communication has become more widespread with the use of satellites, fiber optics, and
long term evolution networks (3-5Gs). Telemetry and radar systems play vital role in our
military defense, navigation and even scientific research engagements.
Generally, a comprehensive learning of telecommunication systems as highlighted above will
stimulate critical thinking on how to match human problems with technological solutions

Model of Communication System


To transfer information from point A to point B, another form of link is required between the
two pints. A communication system therefore specifies the totality of mechanisms that offers
the needed information link. For example, an electrical communication system could serve
this purpose being the information link. The main idea behind any communication system is
to successfully replicate the source information at the destination. As such, for successful
communication to be achieved, the message received at the destination must remain identical
to the original message evolving from the source. The different steps involved in the
transmission of information are enumerated below.

i. Origin of information in the mind of the person who wants to communicate.


ii. Generation of message signal carrying the information.
iii. Converting the message signal into electrical form using a suitable transducer.
iv. Processing the message signal such that it will have the capability to travel for a long
distance.
v. Transmission of the processed message signal to the desire destination
vi. Reception of the processed message signal at the desired destination
vii. Processing the received message signal in such a way to recreate the original nonelectrical
form
LCP Lecture Note_EEC 128_Telecommunication Engineering 1_ by: Engr. A. Ojo-Williams Page 3
viii. Finally, delivering the inform from the message signal to the intended person

A clear understanding of the basic issues in the above steps independent of the type of
communication system will lead to comprehensive understanding of any communication
system such as telephony, radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, radar communication,
satellite communication, fiber optics communication, computer communication

ASSIGNMENT 1.0

1. Of what importance is telecommunication in our modern age?


2. Draw another block diagram of communication system apart from
the one in this section and explain the effect of noise

QUIZ 1.0

1. Differentiate between transmitter and receiver


2. Differentiate between input and output transducers
3. State three challenges that may be encountered in telecommunication
system

LCP Lecture Note_EEC 128_Telecommunication Engineering 1_ by: Engr. A. Ojo-Williams Page 4

You might also like