b y = k cos [a(x + b)] + c.
Amplitude: k = 5 Phase: b = 2
2π Centre: c = −2
Period: = 4π
a 1
The equation is y = 5 cos (x + 2) − 2
2π = 4πa 2
1
=a
2
Exercise 4.02 Combined transformations of trigonometric
functions
1 Sketch the graph of each function in the domain [0, 2π].
a y = 2 sin x − 3 b y = −tan 2x
π x
c f(x) = cos x + + 1 d y = sin − + 2
2 2
e f(x) = 3 cos 2x − 2
2 a Find the equation of the transformed function if y = sin x is vertically dilated with
1
scale factor 5, horizontally dilated with scale factor , vertically translated 6 units
3
down and horizontally translated 5 units to the left.
b Describe each transformation as a change in period, amplitude, centre or phase of
the function.
3 Find the equation of the transformed function of y = cos x if it is:
1
a vertically dilated with scale factor 4, horizontally dilated with scale factor ,
6
π
vertically translated 2 units up and horizontally translated units to the right
3
b reflected in the x-axis, reflected in the y-axis, translated 5 units down and π units to
the left.
4 Sketch each graph in the domain [−π, π].
a y = 3 sin 2x
x
b y = 2 tan + 1
2
c f(x) = −2 cos 3x
d y = 5 sin x − 3
e y = cos (−2x) + 1
150 MATHS IN FOCUS 12. Mathematics Extension 1 ISBN 9780170413367
5 Describe the features of each function in terms of amplitude, period, centre, and phase.
a y = 3 tan 4x − 5
b y = 8 cos (x + π) − 3
c y = 5 sin [2(x − 3)] + 1
6 Find the equation of each function.
a a sine function with amplitude 7, period π, phase of 1 unit to the right and
centre −3
2π
b a cosine function with amplitude 1, a reflection in the x-axis, period and
5
centre 2
c a tangent function with period 2π, a reflection in the x-axis and a phase of 2 units to
the left
d y = sin x with a vertical dilation scale factor 4, a reflection in the y-axis, a
horizontal dilation scale factor 3, a vertical translation 2 units up and a horizontal
translation 5 units to the left
7 Describe the features of y = k cosec [a(x + b)] + c.
8 Find the equation of the transformed function if y = tan x is translated 3 units to the
1
right and then dilated horizontally with scale factor .
4
9 The water depth at a harbour entrance is 5 m at low tide and 25 m at high tide.
The time between each low tide is around 12 hours.
a Find the centre of the tidal motion.
b What is the amplitude and period?
c Write an equation for the water depth D metres in terms of time t hours as a cosine
function.
10 Find an equation for blood pressure, B, as a sine function of time, t minutes, if the
maximum blood pressure is 120 and the minimum is 80, with a heart rate of 60 beats
per minute.
11 EXT1 Find the equation of each transformed function and sketch its graph.
a y = sin−1 x is reflected in the x-axis and translated 2 units to the right
b y = tan−1 x is vertically dilated with scale factor 4 and translated 1 unit down
c y = cos−1 x is reflected in the y-axis, horizontally dilated with scale factor 2 and
π
translated units up
2
ISBN 9780170413367 4. Trigonometric functions 151
