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    Module 8 Machine Safety

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    sittieaishablanganganat2022

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Module 8 Machine Safety

    Uploaded by

    sittieaishablanganganat2022
    2 views50 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views50 pages

    Module 8 Machine Safety

    Uploaded by

    sittieaishablanganganat2022

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 50

    RIMBERIO CO

    MODULE 8: MACHINE SAFETY

    UNIT 2 - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY


    OBJECTIVES

    recognize the principles of machine guarding

    identify areas where machine guards are needed

    enumerate the types of machine guards

    differentiate a lock-out from tag-out


    WHAT IS A MACHINE?
    a tool to make work easier
    an assemblage of parts that transmit forces, motion,
    and energy in a predetermined manner

    WHAT IS A SIMPLE MACHINE?


    "mechanical devices"
    "building blocks" which the more complicated
    machines or compound machines that are made.
    THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
    started in the 18th century
    modern machines were
    conceptualized, created, and used
    extensively
    all operations are manually done
    produce goods faster,
    but leads to poor working
    conditions and a lot of accidents,
    giving rise to a growing concern for
    machine safety.
    MACHINE SAFETY 4 BASIC AREAS:

    adjustment and repair

    servicing and maintenance

    moving parts

    point of operation.
    INCLUDES:

    movement of rotating
    members,
    reciprocating arms,
    moving belts,
    meshing gears,
    TYPES OF HAZARDOUS cutting teeth, and any
    MECHANICAL MOTIONS other part that impacts
    AND ACTIONS or shears.
    MOTIONS
    01 Rotating
    02
    02 Reciprocating
    03
    Transversing
    ROTATING
    Rotating motion can be dangerous:

    even smooth, slowly rotating shafts danger increases when


    can catch clothing, projections such as set screws,
    through mere skin, contact force an bolts, nicks, abrasions, and
    arm or hand into a dangerous projecting keys or set screws are
    position. exposed on rotating parts.
    Injuries due to contact with rotating
    parts can be severe.
    Rotating coupling with
    projecting bolt

    Rotating shaft and


    pulley with projecting
    key and set screw

    Rotating pulley with


    spokes and projecting
    burr
    NIP POINTS
    In-running nip points (or points
    where parts of the hand, body, or
    clothes can get caught in between)
    hazards are caused by the rotating
    parts of machinery.

    three main types of in-running nips.

    1.) Parts rotating in opposite directions


    2.) Nip points between rotating and
    tangentially moving parts

    Some examples are:

    the point of contact between a


    power transmission belt and its
    pulley,
    a chain and a sprocket, and a rack
    and pinion.
    3.) Nip points between rotating and
    fixed parts which create a shearing,
    crushing, or abrading action.

    Examples are:

    spoked hand wheels


    or flywheels,
    screw conveyors, or the
    periphery of an abrasive wheel and an
    incorrectly adjusted work rest.
    RECIPROCATING

    can be dangerous:

    in back-and-forth or
    up-and-down motion,
    struck by or caught between a
    moving and a stationary part.
    TRANSVERSING
    movement in a straight, continuous line

    can be dangerous:

    struck or caught in a pinch or


    shear point by the moving part.
    MECHANICAL
    ACTIONS
    01 CUTTING LIST OF
    MECAHANICAL
    02 PUNCHING
    ACTIONS
    03 SHEARING

    04 BENDING
    01 CUTTING
    cutting hazards include:

    band saws,
    circular saws,
    boring or drilling machines,
    turning machines (lathes),
    or milling machines.
    02 PUNCHING
    -results when power is applied to
    a slide (ram) for the purpose of
    blanking, drawing, or stamping
    metal or other materials.
    03 SHEARING
    -action involves applying power
    to a slide or knife in order to trim
    or shear metal or other materials.

    Machines used for shearing:


    mechanically,
    hydraulically, and
    pneumatically powered shears.
    04 BENDING
    -action results when power is
    applied to a slide in order to
    draw or stamp metal or other
    materials.

    Equipment used for bending action includes:


    power presses,
    press brakes, and
    tubing benders
    AREAS WHERE MACHINE
    GUARDING ARE NECESSARY
    ''in general, any machine part, function, or process
    which may cause injury must be guarded"
    DANGEROUS MOVING PARTS IN THREE
    BASIC AREAS REQUIRE SAFEGUARDING:
    THE POINT OF OPERATION:
    -where work is performed on the material, such as cutting,
    shaping, boring, or forming of stock.

    POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS:

    -mechanical system which transmit energy to the part


    of the machine performing the work.

    OTHER MOVING PARTS:


    -which moves while the machine is working.
    we know that machines can cause:

    - severe accidents
    IMPORTANCE OF - loss of trained and skilled employee/s
    MACHINE SAFETY - loss of production
    - damage to equipment
    - incurring training cost for new employee/s
    - overtime cost
    - possible litigation
    - accident investigation
    Machines can also cause:

    IMPORTANCE OF -lost time expense


    MACHINE SAFETY - cost of machine down time
    - cost of machine damage and repairs
    - lost time due to time spent on accident
    investigation and other statutory requirements
    - loss of production
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING ACCESS

    FIXED ENCLOSING GUARDS

    part of the machinery which does not


    require access, it should be
    permanently guarded with fixed
    enclosing guards.
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    MOVABLE GUARDS WITH INTERLOCKING SWITCHES

    -an operator can be protected by an


    inter-lock with the power source which
    ensures that whenever the guard door
    is not closed, the power is switched off.
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    TWO HAND CONTROLS


    -referred to as bi-manual controls)
    -Two start buttons have to be operated
    at the same time to run the machine.
    This ensures that both hands of the
    operator are in a safe position and
    therefore cannot be in the hazard area.
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    PULLBACK DEVICES
    -devices attached to the operator's
    hands and connected to the moving
    portion of the die
    -If properly adjusted, it withdraws the
    operator's hands if they are
    inadvertently within the point of
    operation as the dies close.
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    PHOTOELECTRIC LIGHT CURTAIN


    -emit a “curtain” of harmless infrared
    light beams in front of the hazard area.
    -when beams are blocked, the light
    curtain control circuit sends a stop
    signal to the guarded machine.
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    LIGHT CURTAIN

    -extremely versatile and can guard


    areas many meters wide
    -using mirrors, light beams can be
    diverted all around the corners to
    enclose a machine.
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    SAFETY MATS
    -used to guard a floor area around a
    machine.
    -Pressure-sensitive mats are often
    used within an enclosed area
    containing several machines
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    PRESSURE-SENSITIVE EDGES
    -flexible edging strips which can be
    fixed to the edge of a moving part such
    as a machine table or powered door
    where there is a risk of crushing or
    shearing hazard
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    EMERGENCY STOPS
    -emergency stops must be strategically
    placed, in sufficient quantity around the
    machine to ensure that there is always
    one in reach at the occurrence of
    hazard.
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    GRAB WIRE SWITCHES


    -convenient and effective
    -these devices use a steel wire
    rope connected to latching pull
    switches so that pulling on the
    rope will operate the switch and
    cut off the machine power.
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    TELESCOPIC TRIP SWITCHES


    -variations include telescopic
    antenna switches
    -more commonly used as trip devices
    on machinery such as pillar drills.
    -switch is mounted on the drill and
    the antenna is extended down next
    to the drill bit
    TYPES OF MACHINE GUARDS

    PREVENTING DANGEROUS MOTIONS

    ROBOTICS APPLICATION
    -depends on the nature of
    the machine and the
    hazard.
    u ir em e n ts of
    Req rds
    t iv e sa fe g ua
    effec
    (R ul e 120 0 )
    01 -Must prevent contact

    02 -Must be secured and durable

    R ules 03 -Must provide protection against


    falling objects

    (12 0 0 ) 04 -Must not create new hazards

    05 -Must not create interference

    06 -Must allow safe maintenance


    THE HIERARCHY OF MEASURES

    1. Fixed Enclosing Guards

    - If access to dangerous parts is not


    required, the solution is to protect
    them by some type of fixed
    enclosing guard.
    THE HIERARCHY OF MEASURES

    2. Movable (interlocked) guards or protection devices


    (e.g., light curtains, presence sensing mats, etc.)

    -ensure that access can only be permitted while


    the machine is safe.
    -interlocked guard doors and/ or trip systems
    will be required.
    -protective device or system should be based on
    the operating characteristics of the machine.
    THE HIERARCHY OF MEASURES

    3. Protection appliances
    (e.g., jigs, holders, push sticks, etc)

    -often used in conjunction with guards to


    feed a work piece while keeping the
    operator’s body away from the danger zone.
    THE HIERARCHY OF MEASURES

    4. Information, instruction, training and supervision

    -Operators must be trained on the hazards


    of their work and how to use and maintain
    the safety devices as well as give safety
    reminders to make them aware all the
    time.
    THE HIERARCHY OF MEASURES

    5. Personal Protective Equipment

    -The machinery designer should specify


    what sort of equipment is required.
    -The use of personal protective equipment is
    not the primary safeguarding method but
    should complement the measures
    The “Fatal Five” Main Causes of Maintenance Injuries:

    Failure to stop equipment

    Failure to disconnect from power source

    Failure to dissipate (bleed, neutralize) residual energy

    Accidental restarting of equipment

    Failure to clear work areas before restarting


    Hazardous Energy Sources Found in the Workplace

    Electrical - sudden turning on of power source or stored energy in


    capacitors

    Mechanical

    Thermal - such as steam or due to chemical reaction

    Potential - stored energy that may be due to gravity, hydraulics,


    pneumatics, vacuum or springs
    Types of Lock-out Devices

    Plug Locks

    Ball Valve Lock-out

    Gate Valve Lock-out

    Group Lock-out Hasp

    Electrical

    Hydraulic, pneumatic, and other pressurized systems


    Lock-out Procedure

    Alert the operator(s) that power is being disconnected.

    Preparation for Shutdown

    Equipment Shutdown

    Equipment Isolation

    Application of Lock-out Devices

    Control of Stored Energy

    Equipment Isolation-Verification
    Removal of Lock-out

    Ensure equipment is safe to operate

    Safeguard all employees

    Remove lock-out/tag-out devices. Except in emergencies, each


    device must be removed by the person who placed it.

    Last person to take off lock

    Follow checklist - To observe proper LOTO procedures, most firms


    maintain some forms of documentation
    a n y m a ch in e p a rt ,
    Remembe r t h a t
    c es s w h ic h m a n y c au s e
    function, o r p ro
    sa fe g u a r d e d . W h en t h e
    injury must b e
    m a c h in e o r a cc i d e n t a l
    operation o f a
    c a n in ju re t h e o p er a t o r
    contact w it h it
    e v ic i n i ty , t h e h a za r d s
    or others in t h
    o n t r o ll e d o r el im in a t ed .
    must be eit h er c

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