Scribd
Upload
21 views14 pages

Uninterruptable Power Supply

Uploaded by

johnsmith7shadows
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views14 pages

Uninterruptable Power Supply

Uploaded by

johnsmith7shadows
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY

UNINTERRUPTABLE
POWER SUPLY

WHAT IS UPS?
An uninterruptible power supply
(UPS) is an enhanced battery system
that will self-activate in the event of
a power disruption and function as
the primary power source until
electronic devices can safely be shut
down or an emergency generator
takes over.

A standby UPS resorts to battery backup


power in the event of common power
problems such as a blackout, voltage sag,
or voltage surge. When incoming utility
power drops below or surges above safe
voltage levels, the UPS switches to DC
battery power and then inverts it to AC
power to run connected equipment.
What Are The Main Components Of A UPS
System?

There are four main components


in any online double conversion
uninterruptible power supply
(UPS) system:

RECTIFIER
UPS BATTERIES
IINVERTER
STATIC BYPASS SITCH
1. UPS RECTIFIER
The UPS rectifier carries out several key
functions. The first is to convert the input power
from AC (Alternating Current) to DC (Direct
Current). Its second main role is to recharge the
batteries, while the DC power routes to the
inverter too.
Depending on the size of the UPS, the rectifier
module may incorporate the battery charger.
With smaller uninterruptible power supply
systems (i.e. below 3 kVA) it is not uncommon for
the rectifier and battery charger to be separate
components.
UPS rectifiers can accept wide input voltage
fluctuations, meaning the system can handle
overloads or surges without having to engage the
batteries.
2.UPS BATTERIES

The batteries in a UPS system provide


emergency power when the mains supply fails.
Either the rectifier or a separate charger
ensures that the batteries are always charged.
UPS battery systems have at least one string of
batteries, with the number of batteries
required depending on the DC voltage of the
UPS. Batteries within a string are connected in
series, so if a single battery fails, so too does
the entire string.
For smaller UPS systems, the batteries are
often internal to the unit. Whereas in larger
solutions, UPS batteries are often housed in
their own standalone cabinets.
3. UPS INVERTER

UPS Inverter
This component fulfils the second half of the
double conversion by switching the DC voltage
from the rectifier or battery back to an AC
output that powers the critical load.
This conversion process (AC to DC to AC) and
filtering smooths out events such as spikes,
sags, surges, and electrical noise, ensuring the
final output is a pure sine waveform.
4. STATISTIC BYPASS SWITCH

This component is a safeguard in case


there’s a failure within the UPS system.
In the event of a UPS fault, the static
bypass switch automatically connects
the load to the mains supply, bypassing
the rectifier, batteries, and inverter.
Havi ng to transfer to mai ns suppl y i sn’ t i deal as the
power won’ t be fi l tered or condi ti oned as i s usual l y
the case wi th an onl i ne doubl e-conversi on UPS, but
i t does enabl e equi pment to conti nue functi oni ng
whi l e the UPS i s repai red or repl aced.
DTYPES OF UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY

Your paragraph text

OFFLINE (Standby) UPS


LINE INTERACTIVE UPS
ONLINE(DOUBLE CONVERSION) UPS
1. Offline (Standby) UPS
This is the simplest and most cost-effective type of UPS. It
remains inactive while utility power is available and only
activates when there is a power failure.

Example: A typical offline UPS might be used for personal


computers or home office equipment. When the main power
fails, it switches to battery power, usually within a few
milliseconds, providing basic surge protection and backup.
2. Line-Interactive UPS
This type of UPS can correct minor power
fluctuations without switching to battery
mode. It utilizes an inverter that remains
connected to the load, allowing it to provide
voltage regulation while still charging the
battery.

Example: Line-interactive UPS systems are


often used in small businesses where power
outages are rare but voltage fluctuations are
common. They can support devices like
network equipment and servers by
maintaining stable voltage levels during
minor disturbances.
3. ONLINE (Double Conversion) UPS
An online UPS continuously converts incoming AC power to
DC and then back to AC, ensuring a constant supply of
clean power without any transfer time during outages.

Example: This type is commonly used in data centers and


critical IT infrastructure where uptime is paramount. For
instance, an online UPS might be employed to protect
servers, ensuring they remain operational even during
severe power disturbances.
aph text
THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE AND
OFFLINE UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER
SUPLY (UPS)
ONLINE UPS

Advantages:
No Transfer Time: Online UPS systems provide power without any interruption during an outage since
they continuously convert incoming AC power to DC and then back to AC. This means there is zero
transfer time when switching to battery power

High Power Quality: They offer superior power conditioning, eliminating voltage fluctuations, surges,
and sags. The output is a perfect sine wave, which is crucial for sensitive equipment

Isolation from Mains: Online UPS systems effectively isolate the load from the input power source,
protecting against electrical noise and disturbances, making them ideal for critical applications like
data centers and hospitals

Disadvantages:
Cost: Online UPS systems are generally more expensive than offline systems due to their complex
design and continuous operation of the inverter

Heat Generation: The continuous operation of components leads to increased heat production,
necessitating larger heat sinks and cooling solutions

Efficiency Concerns: While they provide high-quality output, the constant conversion process can
lead to lower overall efficiency compared to offline systems, especially in less critical applications
OFFLINE UPS

Advantages:
Cost-Effective: Offline UPS systems are typically less expensive than online models,
making them a budget-friendly option for basic power backup needs

.High Efficiency: They are more energy-efficient because the inverter is not
constantly active; it only engages when there is a power failure, reducing energy
consumption

Simplicity: The design of offline UPS systems is straightforward, making them easier
to operate and maintain compared to online systems

Disadvantages:
Transfer Time: There is usually a short delay (typically 6-8 milliseconds) when
switching from mains power to battery backup during an outage. This can be
problematic for sensitive equipment that cannot tolerate even brief interruptions

Limited Protection: Offline UPS systems provide basic surge protection but may not
adequately protect against all types of power disturbances, such as voltage spikes or
frequency variations

Not Ideal for Critical Loads: They are best suited for less critical applications. For
environments where uninterrupted power is essential, online UPS systems are
preferred despite their higher cost

You might also like