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13 views5 pages

Unit4 Pa

Uploaded by

atrishikarma
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© © All Rights Reserved
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UNIT-IV : PUBLIC POLICY AND MAJOR

APPROCHES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

What is Public Policy?


Public policy is a formal documented statement of intensions
and sets off actions of a govt to either remove certain
deficiencies or improve the conditions in any particular areas
of concern.

According to Richard & Smith “Policy is a general term used


to describe a formal decision or plan of action adopted by
govt to achieve a particular goal and public policy is a more
specific term to be applied in a formal decision or a plan of
action that has been taken by a state organisation”.

According to Chark E. Cochran “Public policy means the


actions of gov and the intensions that determine those
actions”.

According to GUY PETER “Public policy is the sum of govt


activities weather acting freely or through agents as it has
influence and life of citizens”.
FEATURES OF PUBLIC POLICY
 Public policy is formulated as a solution to a problem so
it is always meant for the betterment of the public.
 Public policy is made on the behalf of the public and for
the public.
 Public policy is goal oriented.
 Public policy is formulated by govt even though it may
take outside consultant.
 Public policy is interpreted differently by different
individual and groups.
 Public policy is what the govt choose to do not to do.
 Public policy may be either positive or negative in form.
Positively it may involve some form of governmental
action concerning some social problems and negatively
it may involve a decision by govt on a matter on which
governmental action is required

Types Of Public Policy


 Political public policy – this type of policies are
determined by the political parties and ministers and
involved for making political public policy for the people.
Ruling govt play a very imp role.
 Executive public policy – the executive policy in all form
of govt is given final saying by the cabinet minister and
some l
 Administrative public policy – sometimes administration
is also involved in policy making because of their
knowledge in policies.
 Substantive public policy – these are the policies
concerned with the general welfare and the
development of the society like provision of education,
employment opportunities, environmental laws etc. it
does not cater to any privilege section of the society but
have to be formulated dynamically keeping in mind the
goals and characteristics of
 Regulatory public policy – these policies are concerned
with regulation of business, trade safety measures,
public utilities and other. E.g. limitation of highway
speed limit, abortion policies in hospital.
 Distributive policy – these are the policies meant for
specific. segment of the society especially the needy
ones . e.g., public assistance, adult education
programme, widow pension policy, vaccination camp
etc.
 Redistributive public policy- policies are dynamic and
ever changing, social policies are subjected to change in
either the initial stage or at the decision-making stage.
these are associated with arrangement of policies.
 Capitalization public policy - these policies are related to
financial subsidies given by the centre to the state to the
local governments and central and business
undertaking.
 Constituent public policy – it is the policies relating to
constituting new institutions or mechanisms for public
welfare.
 Technical public policy – it is related to the policies
framed for arrangement of procedures rules and
framework for the implementation of policy or for the
smooth functioning of the society.

Approaches or models to the study of public policy


i. Institutional Approach – according to this view public
plicies have their origin in govt institutions that
formulate and implement them. A policy becomes
public only when it is authoritatively determined by govt
institutions. Government lends legitimacy to policies
also policies assume universalisitic character . govt
policies thus applicable to all the members of the
society.
ii. Group Approch - intersection and struggle of different
A group of a collectively of induvial differentiated by some
common attributes or shared relationships. There are so
many groups like political groups, student groups, trade
union groups, farmer groups etc every group influence
particular public policy for their section of people. Individual
having common interest and demands join hands with each
other as formal and informal group to get the policies made
by the govt and suited to their needs. E.g. the weak farmer
Naveen in India is in connection with agricultural, price
fixation and influence of big industries in changing the
industrial regulations.
iii. Elite model – actually the people as a whole do not care
much for govt policies nor do they have adequate
knowledge about what goes on within a govt. so the
policies are laid and manipulate by the elite, so the
policies therefore do not arise out of the demand of the
masses so it is called elite model of public policy
iv. Rational model -

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