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EEE228 Introduction To Signals Systems

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16 views11 pages

EEE228 Introduction To Signals Systems

Uploaded by

Loga Kumaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Signals & Systems

01
Signals Systems

Signal classification and Linear-time invariant


representation system
• Signal types, models and operations • Time and frequency domain
• Sampling theory analysis
Chapters 4, 5
Chapters 1, 2, 3 • Impulse response
• Stability criteria

Analysis Tools
EEE350
• Fourier series • Laplace Transform
• Fourier transform • Z Transform Chapter 8
Chapters 6, 7 EEE354

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What is a signal?
Signals are functions of independent variables
that carry information or data
1D biological signal,
ECG
• Telephone signal
• Electrical signals – voltages and currents Functions of
in circuits independent variable
• Acoustical signals – audio or speech time
signals
• Biological signal
2D biological signal,
MRI
EEE228
Signals as functions

• Continuous functions of real independent variables

• Real valued functions of discrete variables

• Discrete functions of discrete variables

EEE228
Signals as functions

• Continuous functions of real independent variables

• Real valued functions of discrete variables

• Discrete functions of discrete variables

EEE228
What is a system?
Systems are the entity that process a set of
signals to yield another set of signals

A system may be made up of


physical components or algorithm Input signals System Output signals
that computes an output from an
input signal.

System performs any kind of


processing on input data to
produce output data

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The independent variables
Discrete
Continuous

Oops!
..small letter x.
..not small capital!

One dimension Multi dimension

Continuous-time (CT) signals: 𝑥 𝑡 - 𝑡 is continuous value, time.


Discrete-time (DT) signals: 𝑥[𝑛] - 𝑛 is discrete value, integer.

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Modelling
Modelling of physical signals by mathematical functions.
Modelling of physical systems by mathematical equations.

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Examples

Continuous-time Discrete-time
physical systems physical systems

• Electric circuits • Analogue-to-digital converter


• Operational amplifier circuits • Picture in a picture
• Pendulum system • Compact discs
• Data acquisition system

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Linear electric circuits Newton’s Law

function = signal

𝑑 2 𝑥(𝑡)
( 𝑓 𝑡 =𝑀
𝑑𝑡 2 )
1 𝑡
( 𝐿
𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
+ 𝑅𝑖 𝑡 + න 𝑖(𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑣(𝑡)
𝐶 −∞ )
equation = system
functions = signals
equation = system

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Analogous systems

Model of a simple pendulum 𝑑 2 𝜃(𝑡) 𝑔


+ 𝜃(𝑡) = 0 Equation A
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐿

𝑑 2 𝑞(𝑡) 1 Equation B
Model of LC circuit + 𝑞(𝑡) = 0
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐿𝐶

Analogous systems are systems that are modelled by equations of the same
mathematical form.

If we know the characteristics of the simple pendulum, we can know the characteristics
of the LC circuit. We can transfer the knowledge of the characteristics of circuits to the
understanding of other types of physical systems.

EEE228

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