CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Automatic Garden Irrigation System with Night Light Switch

A Research Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of College of Teacher Education
Cagayan State University

In partial Fulfilment for the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Technical Vocational Teacher of Education
Major in Electronics

Alcalde, Madelyn
Bueno, Wyrent
Caylaluad, Charlie
Concepcion, Ryan Joseph
Cimatu, Princes
Francisco, Paul Angelo
Maiztegui, Jaylord
Maggay, John Vincent
Pauig, Jeremiah
Rigor, Almina
Unida, Bryan Lester
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Abstract

Nowadays, gardening is one of the sophisticated hobbies and also very

important for environment balance. But the main problem is the time adjustment for

watering the plants. Especially when people are aways from home for few days, then

lots of problem arises to watering the plants. In this technological era where people

rely on the technology for almost everything to make their work easier and more

efficient, then why not there has been a system that automatically waters the garden

and plants without depending on someone when one is there at home for longer period.

So, one of the activities are replaced from automated irrigation and also excess use of

water is minimized. The method is employed, to continuously keep on eye on the soil

moisture level to decide whether irrigation is needed, and how much water is needed

for the soil. Programmed code for this paper is based on Arduino UNO C++ language.

If dryness level is high, moisture level is low. At that time, the water pump is switched

ON to supply water to the plant and is automatically OFF when the soil moisture

reaches to the minimum threshold level. The total work is done through this

subsystem; Soil moisture sensor, Water pump, and Arduino UNO

Keyword: Soil moisture sensor, Water pump, and Arduino UNO

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION

The Background of the Study

The idea of smart gardening has been around for a while, yet, it hasn’t been made
a reality until now without technology advancement. Its high time to create and
implement new methodologies using smart technologies for sustainable agriculture. In
this era, a smart approach of leading a life should be carried out and thus have made
“Automated Plant Irrigation System” for smart irrigation.
Gardening is one of the hobbies or recreation activities for various age layers.
According, Thompson, R. (2018), It is a benefit for those who get exposed to plants and
greenery views regularly as it brings mental and physical health. Furthermore, if the
gardeners travel to the other places, this is hard for them to monitor their plants in far
distance. This because, for each plant, they have their own needs, such as the amount of
water and sunlight exposure.
In the gardening activity, an irrigation system is one of the essential elements.
However, in this era, many gardeners are still using a manual system to water and
monitor their plant growth. A proper watering scheduled may not always be performed
due to the lack of time and occupied lifestyle.
In the agriculture industry the irrigation system is used to supply water and
maintain the soil moisture of the growth of the plant. Besides, they need to monitor their
plant frequently to ensure the conditions of their plants in the right way. Furthermore, not
all gardeners have sufficient knowledge and experiences in managing their pants
properly.
In the case of indoor gardening, there are several challenges for gardeners where
they need to manage and monitor the plant regularly. One of the difficulties in gardener
need to monitor the moisture of the soil.
Smart gardening is an advance and new techniques for irrigation that can reduce
manpower, time, and many more things.
As the internet becomes the necessary to all people, currently lifestyles require
everything to be controlled using a smart phone. So, this technology makes life easier and
convenient. One of the technologies that connect internet with devices is the Internet of
things (IoT). IoT is one type of wireless communication which currently grows very well
where various things or object are interjecting with each other and communicate with
their neighbors.
In this paper we propose a smart gardening system the concept of Arduino Uno to
project the plants- water needed to maintain remotely, the important plant data such as
soil moisture and relative humidity. Based-planning, is used for watering the plants at
regular intervals and providing appropriate illumination in the garden area for aesthetics
and overall plant growth. With the use of ultrasonic sensors, 12Vpumps, and soil
moisture sensor is highly efficient and effective system designed to automate the process
of watering plants.
It employs modern technology to accurately measure the water level in the
reservoir and moisture level in the soil, and automatically water the plants when needed.
This system can greatly simplify the process of plant care while providing optimal
water conditions for plant growth and health. With this system, plants owners can be
assured that their plants receive the appropriate amount of water, reducing the risks of
over or under-watering, and ultimately result in healthy and vibrant plants.
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Proposed Work

The aim of this project is to ease the mechanism of watering the plants at home
with the help of this “Automatic Plant Watering System Using Arduino UNO” which
automatically switches the water pump “ON and OFF”.
The application employed in the project will are;
 Efficient water usage
 Increased crop yield
 Time-saving
 Remote monitoring and control
 Customizing irrigation schedule
 To sense the moisture content of the soil and automatically switch ON and off the
power pump when power is given
 To reduce human dependency for watering plants at home.

Features of Smart Irrigation System

This smart irrigation system fulfills all the criteria of an ideal irrigation system. Some of
the profitable features are:
 This smart irrigation system easily adapts with the weather condition and sense
the moisture accordingly to operate the water pump
 The soil moisture sensor easily senses the high-water flow by sensing the moisture
present in soil and therefore shuts down and starts automatically
 Using the smart irrigation system, you can manage the water flow remotely
without going to the field
 The LCD connected with the circuit displays the soil moisture data regularly
which can be used to keep record of moisture at different instances

Hard Ware Components

 Arduino Uno board

 Soil moisture sensor

 Submersible water pump

 Transistor (NPN)

 Diode (1N4007)

 Relay module

 12V power adapter

 Peristaltic tubing
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

 Water reservoir

 Jumper wires

 Breadboard

 Enclosure (optional)

 Screwdriver

Methods

Step 1: Set up the Hardware

Start by assembling the hardware components on a breadboard. Connect the soil moisture

sensor to the Arduino Uno board using jumper wires. Then, connect the water pump to

the relay module, ensuring proper polarity.

Use a separate power source for the water pump to avoid overloading the Arduino.

Finally, connect the relay module to the Arduino Uno using jumper wires.

Step 2: Wire the Components

Wire the soil moisture sensor to the analog input pin of the Arduino Uno. Connect the

signal pin of the sensor to analog pin A0, the VCC pin to 5V, and the GND pin to GND

on the Arduino board.

Next, wire the relay module to the Arduino Uno. Connect the control pin of the relay

module to digital pin 7 on the Arduino board.

Step 3: Program the Arduino Uno

Upload the Arduino sketch provided below to your Arduino Uno board using the Arduino

IDE:

// Define sensor and pump pins

const int soilMoisturePin = A0;

const int pumpPin = 7;

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

// Define threshold for watering

const int moistureThreshold = 500;

void setup() {

// Initialize serial communication

Serial.begin(9600);

// Set pump pin as output

pinMode(pumpPin, OUTPUT);

void loop() {

// Read soil moisture value

int moistureValue = analogRead(soilMoisturePin);

// Print moisture value to serial monitor

Serial.print(“Moisture: “);

Serial.println(moistureValue);

// Check if soil is dry

if (moistureValue < moistureThreshold) {

// Turn on pump

digitalWrite(pumpPin, HIGH);

delay(5000); // Run pump for 5 seconds

digitalWrite(pumpPin, LOW); // Turn off pump

Serial.println(“Watering plant…”);

// Delay before next reading

delay(1000);
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

This code continuously reads the soil moisture value from the sensor. If the moisture

level falls below the defined threshold, it activates the water pump for a specified

duration to water the plant.

Step 4: Assemble the System

Once you’ve uploaded the code and tested the individual components, it’s time to

assemble the system.

Place the soil moisture sensor in the plant’s soil, ensuring it’s inserted deep enough to

accurately measure moisture levels. Position the water pump near the plant, ensuring it’s

submerged in the water reservoir.

Step 5: Power the System

Connect the Arduino Uno board to a power source using a USB cable or a suitable power

adapter. Connect the power adapter to a power outlet.

Ensure that the water pump is connected to its own power source.

Step 6: Test the System

After powering up the system, monitor the serial output in the Arduino IDE to observe

the soil moisture readings. Verify that the pump activates when the moisture level falls

below the threshold and deactivates once the plant is watered.

Step 7: Calibration and Adjustment

Fine-tune the moisture threshold value in the Arduino code based on your plant’s

watering needs.

You may need to adjust this value depending on factors such as the type of plant and

environmental conditions.
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Flow Chart
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Working Explanation

Documentation and Construction of Materials

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

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Review of Related Literature

According to Duzic, N. & Dumic, D. (2017), Automatic Plant Watering System

via Soil Moisture Sensing by means of Sustainable Electronics and its Application for
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Anthropological and Medical Purposes, are considered as one of the most commonly
used and the most beneficial automated systems nowadays, which can help people in their
daily activities by reducing or completely replacing their effort. The system used to
sensor technology along with microcontroller and other electronics in order to behave like
smart switching system which senses soil moisture level and irrigates the plant if
necessary.
A projected study made by Prosojo, I. & Maseleno, A., et al (2020) Design of
Automatic Plant Watering System Based on Arduino, the research aimed to design a
programmable microcontroller chip to control watering plants automatically based on soil
moisture detected whether the soil was dry or not. This will no need to do watering
manually. Instead, it will help farmers to device their plants automatically.
Punjabi, S. (2016), Automated Plant Watering System, was developed in daily
operations related to farming or gardening. Water is the most important practice and the
most labor-intensive task. No matter or whichever weather it is, either hot or dry or
cloudy or wet, you want to be able to control the amount of water that reaches your plant.
Modern watering systems could be effectively used to water plants when they need it.
Nut in manual process of watering requires two important aspects to be considered; when
and how much to water. In order to replace manual activities and making gardener’s work
easier, we have created automatic plant watering system. By adding automated plant
watering system to your garden or agricultural fields, you will help all your plants reach
their full potential as well as conserving water.
A study support by Deshkar, T. & Ajani, S. (2019), Iot Based Prediction System
for Precision Agriculture, the work objective is optimal usage of water irrigation, proper
nutrient management to plant and avoid crop losses due to deceases and pests with proper
scheduling of spray. The wireless sensor network is deployed on field and will
continuously monitoring real time environmental, soil, hydrological and specific
parameters.
And projected by Dharunkarthi, V. R., et al (2019), Smart irrigation Integrated
with IoT, Environmental Monitoring System with Sensors have dramatically improved to
peak over the years. This work may become a huge product while the importance of
water regulation understood. The purpose of this paper is to present a project called
“Smart Irrigation Integrated with IoT” which is capable of monitoring agricultural
conditions in a pre-programmed manner. The sensor will monitor the relevant
environmental data like soil moisture, in terms of percentage. The data from the sensors
will be used to control either automatic or manual control as well as upgrading the
irrigation system. This model utilizes the real run-time data from the moisture sensor to
minimize the use of water in the agriculture fields. Simultaneously all the sensor values
will be updated in the IoT through the GSM module in the kit, this will help to track the
system which we have design through Android Interface and this process also help to
improve the agricultural production. The farmer analyses the data in the server about the
field condition anytime, anywhere and controls the flow of water hence by reducing the
manpower and time.
Wongthai, W., et al (2018), an Enhance of an Automatic Plant Watering System,
can demonstrate the enhancement of automatic plant watering system and how the
Internet of Things and cloud computing can benefit agricultural applications with plain
design and implementation and guidelines for individuals who want to build their own
automatic plant watering systems to grow their plants especially for food by themselves.
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Latif, A & Supriyadi, K. (2020), Temperature and Humidity Observation System

in ATmega8 Microcontroller-Based Homes, it is necessary to measure the temperature
and humidity of the environment around us. The sensor consists of resistive type
humidity measuring components and temperature measurements via NTC and connected
with 8bit uC so that it gives good results, sufficient response speed, has good resistance to
interference and is quite cheap in price. The interface used is a single write serial
interface which is quite fast and easy. Small sensor size, low power consumption
requirements and able to transmit its output within a distance of 20 meters.
Astutiningtyas, M. et al (2021), Automatic Plant Watering System Using Arduino,
automation is starting to dominate the world. We are entering a new era of computing
technology, the Internet of Things (IoT), which is experiencing rapid development. IoT is
a world neutral network in the cloud that connects a mixture of things, aiming to
maximize the benefits of internet connectivity in transferring and processing data. Using
IoT, one can monitor and control a device remotely with a computer or smartphone. Iot
can apply in various fields, one of which is the smart garden.
Akwu, S. et al (2020), Automatic Plant Irrigation Control System Using Arduino
and MSG Module, the evolving information technology abridges the hardship in the daily
life of consumers all over the world, hence, the application of this knowledge in the
irrigation field is necessary nowadays. The exponential growth of demand in food is due
to the ever-evolving population of the world, thus it become necessary to expand the
present area of industrial activities, farming via irrigation is the reliable process of food
production. Water remains the only source of survival for crop production, thus optimal
management and proper use of water become pertinent with the ever-increasing land for
irrigation. Arduino based automatic plant irrigation control system; provides a simple
approach to automate irrigation. This work makes use of the MSG Module for the
notification of the user about the situation in the farm, this project aims to design and
implement an automatic plant irrigation control system using Arduino and MSG module.
In this propose system, there are two main parts, hardware and software units.
Mechanical units which are the hardware comprises of instrument system and watering
irrigation system. The equipment is based on microcontroller, flow meter, and watering
irrigation system. The software parts comprise of C++ code, this is to enable the brain for
coordinating control for various modules of the system.
Devika, C.M., et al (2017), Automatic Plant Irrigation System Using Arduino, in
the present era, food scarcity and water scarcity occurs due to the increase in population.
So, to avoid this problem, we have to promote the agriculture sector. But water wastage is
more in this sector in the form of water logging while watering the agricultural fields
through irrigation. Therefore, an automatic plant irrigation system which automatically
senses the moisture content of the soil and decide whether irrigation is needed or not and
how much water in needed for soil. This system uses ATmega328 microcontroller. It is
programmed to sense the moisture content if the soil over a period of time. When the
moisture content is less than the limit which is predefined. It will start supplying the
desired amount of water till it reaches the limit. So, when the soil is dry the pump will
automatically water the fields and when the soil is wet the pump will automatically
switch off, there by eradicate the need of manpower and conserve time.
Mayuree, M. et al (2019), Automatic Plant Watering System, Irrigating fields is
the important and very laborious task for the farmers, especially in the summer season.
Manual watering increases the difficulty and is time-consuming. Thus, we need effective
technologies to overcome these problems. Auto-watering systems can efficiently used to
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

water plants when needed, which controls when and how much watering needed to be
done. This system can be effectively used from small gardens to a large crop fields, thus
also conserving water. We can implement the above prototype using sprinkles or drip
emitters for effective irrigation. For large scale implementation, we can use solar panels
to conserve energy.
Bains, P.S. et al (2017), Modeling and Designing of Automatic Plant Watering
System using Arduino, watering the plants is the most important cultural practice and one
of the most labor-intensive tasks in daily greenhouse operation. Watering system ease the
burden of getting water to plants when they need it. Knowing when and how much to
water is too important aspects of watering process. To make the gardener work easily, the
automatic plant watering system is created. There are various type using automatic
watering system are used; sprinkler system, tube, nozzle and other. This project uses
Arduino board, which consists of ATmega 328 microcontroller. It is programmed in such
a way that it will sense the moisture level of plants and supply the water
if required. This type of system is used often for general plants care, as part of caring
small garden. Normally, the plants need to be watered twice daily, morning and evening.
So, the microcontroller has to be coded to water the plants about two times per day. To
accommodate the challenged we have developed a prototype, which makes a plant more
self-sufficient, watering itself from a large water tank. We hope that through this
prototype people will enjoy having plants without having challenges related to absent and
forgetfulness.

Result

In inserting the moisture sensor probes into the dry soil, the sensor successfully
sensed the absence of moisture in the soil and the water pump was turned ON
automatically to water the plants.
Once the soil was wet enough, the water pump was automatically turned OFF as
the moisture sensor had sensed the presence of moisture content in the soil.
Just the right amount of water will be released and the water will be directed to
exactly where it needed through water pipes; ex: to the bottom of the stem so that the
roots get the maximum use of water yet maximizing the wastage of water.

Conclusion

By designing and implementing the simple and easy Automatic Plant Watering
System the maintenance of household plants becomes easy for those who travel quite
often., very much busy to work in their work and tend to forget to water their plants. They
have just monitor that the container in which the water pump is placed contains enough
water to pump. Further enhancement of this project can also be done in the medical field
where certain medical plants require frequent watering of the right amount of water to be
watered by human hands.
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

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