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Element of Commercial Portal Unit I

Notes

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214 views38 pages

Element of Commercial Portal Unit I

Notes

Uploaded by

cocsit21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML5

HTML5 tutorial provides details of all 40 + HTML tags including audio, video, header, footer,
data, data list, article etc. This HTML tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals.

HTML5 is a next version of HTML. Here, you will get some brand new features which will
make HTML much easier. These new introducing features make your website layout clearer to
both website designers and users. There are some elements like <header>, <footer>, <nav> and
<article> that define the layout of a website.

Why use HTML5


It is enriched with advance features which makes it easy and interactive for designer/developer
and users.

It allows you to play a video and audio file.

It allows you to draw on a canvas.

It facilitate you to design better forms and build web applications that work offline.

It provides you advance features for that you would normally have to write JavaScript to do.

The most important reason to use HTML 5 is, we believe it is not going anywhere. It will be here
to serve for a long time according to W3C recommendation.

HTML 5 Example
Let's see a simple example of HTML5.

<!DOCTYPE>
<html>
<body>
<h1>Write Your First Heading</h1>
<p>Write Your First Paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

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HTML Forms
An HTML form is used to collect user input. The user input is most often sent to a server for
processing.

Example
First name:
John

Last name:
Doe

Submit

The <form> Element


The HTML <form> element is used to create an HTML form for user input:

<form>
.
form elements
.
</form>

The <form> element is a container for different types of input elements, such as: text fields,
checkboxes, radio buttons, submit buttons, etc.

All the different form elements are covered in this chapter: HTML Form Elements.

HTML Form Attributes


The Action Attribute

The action attribute defines the action to be performed when the form is submitted.

Usually, the form data is sent to a file on the server when the user clicks on the submit button.

In the example below, the form data is sent to a file called "action_page.php". This file contains a
server-side script that handles the form data:

Example

On submit, send form data to "action_page.php":

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<form action="/action_page.php">
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

Tip: If the action attribute is omitted, the action is set to the current page.

The Target Attribute


The target attribute specifies where to display the response that is received after submitting the
form.

The target attribute can have one of the following values:

Value Description

_blank The response is displayed in a new window or tab

_self The response is displayed in the current window

_parent The response is displayed in the parent frame

_top The response is displayed in the full body of the window

framename The response is displayed in a named iframe

The default value is _self which means that the response will open in the current window.
Example

Here, the submitted result will open in a new browser tab:

<form action="/action_page.php" target="_blank">

The Method Attribute


The method attribute specifies the HTTP method to be used when submitting the form data.

The form-data can be sent as URL variables (with method="get") or as HTTP post transaction
(with method="post").

The default HTTP method when submitting form data is GET.

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Example

This example uses the GET method when submitting the form data:

<form action="/action_page.php" method="get">

Example

This example uses the POST method when submitting the form data:

<form action="/action_page.php" method="post">

Notes on GET:

 Appends the form data to the URL, in name/value pairs


 NEVER use GET to send sensitive data! (the submitted form data is visible in the URL!)
 The length of a URL is limited (2048 characters)
 Useful for form submissions where a user wants to bookmark the result
 GET is good for non-secure data, like query strings in Google

Notes on POST:

 Appends the form data inside the body of the HTTP request (the submitted form data is
not shown in the URL)
 POST has no size limitations, and can be used to send large amounts of data.
 Form submissions with POST cannot be bookmarked

Tip: Always use POST if the form data contains sensitive or personal information!

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HTML Form Elements
The HTML <form> Elements

The HTML <form> element can contain one or more of the following form elements:

 <input>
 <label>
 <select>
 <textarea>
 <button>
 <fieldset>
 <legend>
 <datalist>
 <output>
 <option>
 <optgroup>

The <input> Element


One of the most used form elements is the <input> element.

The <input> element can be displayed in several ways, depending on the type attribute.

Example
<label for="fname">First name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname">

All the different values of the type attribute are covered in the next chapter: HTML Input Types.

The <label> Element


The <label> element defines a label for several form elements.

The <label> element is useful for screen-reader users, because the screen-reader will read out
loud the label when the user focus on the input element.

The <label> element also help users who have difficulty clicking on very small regions (such as
radio buttons or checkboxes) - because when the user clicks the text within the <label> element,
it toggles the radio button/checkbox.

The for attribute of the <label> tag should be equal to the id attribute of the <input> element to
bind them together.

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The <select> Element
The <select> element defines a drop-down list:

Example
<label for="cars">Choose a car:</label>
<select id="cars" name="cars">
<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
<option value="saab">Saab</option>
<option value="fiat">Fiat</option>
<option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>

The <option> element defines an option that can be selected.

By default, the first item in the drop-down list is selected.

To define a pre-selected option, add the selected attribute to the option:

Example
<option value="fiat" selected>Fiat</option>

Visible Values:
Use the size attribute to specify the number of visible values:

Example
<label for="cars">Choose a car:</label>
<select id="cars" name="cars" size="3">
<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
<option value="saab">Saab</option>
<option value="fiat">Fiat</option>
<option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>

Allow Multiple Selections:


Use the multiple attribute to allow the user to select more than one value:

Example

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<label for="cars">Choose a car:</label>
<select id="cars" name="cars" size="4" multiple>
<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
<option value="saab">Saab</option>
<option value="fiat">Fiat</option>
<option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>

The <textarea> Element


The <textarea> element defines a multi-line input field (a text area):

Example
<textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="30">
The cat was playing in the garden.
</textarea>

The rows attribute specifies the visible number of lines in a text area.

The cols attribute specifies the visible width of a text area.

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

The cat w as playing in the


garden.

You can also define the size of the text area by using CSS:

Example
<textarea name="message" style="width:200px; height:600px;">
The cat was playing in the garden.
</textarea>

The <button> Element


The <button> element defines a clickable button:

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Example
<button type="button" onclick="alert('Hello World!')">Click Me!</button>

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Click Me!

Note: Always specify the type attribute for the button element. Different browsers may use
different default types for the button element.

The <fieldset> and <legend> Elements


The <fieldset> element is used to group related data in a form.

The <legend> element defines a caption for the <fieldset> element.

Example
<form action="/action_page.php">
<fieldset>
<legend>Personalia:</legend>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</fieldset>
</form>

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Personalia:First name:
John

Last name:
Doe

Submit

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The <datalist> Element
The <datalist> element specifies a list of pre-defined options for an <input> element.

Users will see a drop-down list of the pre-defined options as they input data.

The list attribute of the <input> element, must refer to the id attribute of the <datalist> element.

Example
<form action="/action_page.php">
<input list="browsers">
<datalist id="browsers">
<option value="Edge">
<option value="Firefox">
<option value="Chrome">
<option value="Opera">
<option value="Safari">
</datalist>
</form>

The <output> Element


The <output> element represents the result of a calculation (like one performed by a script).

Example
Perform a calculation and show the result in an <output> element:

<form action="/action_page.php"
oninput="x.value=parseInt(a.value)+parseInt(b.value)">
0
<input type="range" id="a" name="a" value="50">
100 +
<input type="number" id="b" name="b" value="50">
=
<output name="x" for="a b"></output>
<br><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>

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HTML Form Elements

Tag Description

<form> Defines an HTML form for user input

<input> Defines an input control

<textarea> Defines a multiline input control (text area)

<label> Defines a label for an <input> element

<fieldset> Groups related elements in a form

<legend> Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element

<select> Defines a drop-down list

<optgroup> Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list

<option> Defines an option in a drop-down list

<button> Defines a clickable button

<datalist> Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls

<output> Defines the result of a calculation

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HTML Input Types
Here are the different input types you can use in HTML:

 <input type="button">
 <input type="checkbox">
 <input type="color">
 <input type="date">
 <input type="datetime-local">
 <input type="email">
 <input type="file">
 <input type="hidden">
 <input type="image">
 <input type="month">
 <input type="number">
 <input type="password">
 <input type="radio">
 <input type="range">
 <input type="reset">
 <input type="search">
 <input type="submit">
 <input type="tel">
 <input type="text">
 <input type="time">
 <input type="url">
 <input type="week">

Tip: The default value of the type attribute is "text".

Input Type Text


<input type="text"> defines a single-line text input field:

Example
<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname">
</form>

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

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First name:

Last name:

Input Type Password


<input type="password"> defines a password field:

Example
<form>
<label for="username">Username:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username"><br>
<label for="pwd">Password:</label><br>
<input type="password" id="pwd" name="pwd">
</form>

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Username:

Password:

The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Input Type Submit


<input type="submit"> defines a button for submitting form data to a form-handler.

The form-handler is typically a server page with a script for processing input data.

The form-handler is specified in the form's action attribute:

Example
<form action="/action_page.php">
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

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This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

First name:
John

Last name:
Doe

Submit

If you omit the submit button's value attribute, the button will get a default text:

Example
<form action="/action_page.php">
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>

Input Type Reset


<input type="reset"> defines a reset button that will reset all form values to their default values:

Example
<form action="/action_page.php">
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
<input type="reset" value="Reset">
</form>

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This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

First name:
John

Last name:
Doe

Submit Reset

If you change the input values and then click the "Reset" button, the form-data will be reset to
the default values.

Input Type Radio


<input type="radio"> defines a radio button.

Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:

Example
<p>Choose your favorite Web language:</p>

<form>
<input type="radio" id="html" name="fav_language" value="HTML">
<label for="html">HTML</label><br>
<input type="radio" id="css" name="fav_language" value="CSS">
<label for="css">CSS</label><br>
<input type="radio" id="javascript" name="fav_language" value="JavaScript">
<label for="javascript">JavaScript</label>
</form>

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

HTML
CSS
JavaScript

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Input Type Checkbox
<input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox.

Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

Example
<form>
<input type="checkbox" id="vehicle1" name="vehicle1" value="Bike">
<label for="vehicle1"> I have a bike</label><br>
<input type="checkbox" id="vehicle2" name="vehicle2" value="Car">
<label for="vehicle2"> I have a car</label><br>
<input type="checkbox" id="vehicle3" name="vehicle3" value="Boat">
<label for="vehicle3"> I have a boat</label>
</form>

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

I have a bike
I have a car
I have a boat

Input Type Button


<input type="button"> defines a button:

Example
<input type="button" onclick="alert('Hello World!')" value="Click Me!">

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Input Type Color


The <input type="color"> is used for input fields that should contain a color.

Depending on browser support, a color picker can show up in the input field.

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Example
<form>
<label for="favcolor">Select your favorite color:</label>
<input type="color" id="favcolor" name="favcolor">
</form>

Input Type Date


The <input type="date"> is used for input fields that should contain a date.

Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.

Example
<form>
<label for="birthday">Birthday:</label>
<input type="date" id="birthday" name="birthday">
</form>

You can also use the min and max attributes to add restrictions to dates:

Example
<form>
<label for="datemax">Enter a date before 1980-01-01:</label>
<input type="date" id="datemax" name="datemax" max="1979-12-31"><br><br>
<label for="datemin">Enter a date after 2000-01-01:</label>
<input type="date" id="datemin" name="datemin" min="2000-01-02">
</form>

Input Type Datetime-local


The <input type="datetime-local"> specifies a date and time input field, with no time zone.

Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.

Example
<form>
<label for="birthdaytime">Birthday (date and time):</label>
<input type="datetime-local" id="birthdaytime" name="birthdaytime">
</form>

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Input Type Email
The <input type="email"> is used for input fields that should contain an e-mail address.

Depending on browser support, the e-mail address can be automatically validated when
submitted.

Some smartphones recognize the email type, and add ".com" to the keyboard to match email
input.

Example
<form>
<label for="email">Enter your email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email">
</form>

Input Type Image


The <input type="image"> defines an image as a submit button.

The path to the image is specified in the src attribute.

Example
<form>
<input type="image" src="img_submit.gif" alt="Submit" width="48" height="48">
</form>

Input Type File


The <input type="file"> defines a file-select field and a "Browse" button for file uploads.

Example
<form>
<label for="myfile">Select a file:</label>
<input type="file" id="myfile" name="myfile">
</form>

Input Type Hidden


The <input type="hidden"> defines a hidden input field (not visible to a user).

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A hidden field lets web developers include data that cannot be seen or modified by users when a
form is submitted.

A hidden field often stores what database record that needs to be updated when the form is
submitted.

Note: While the value is not displayed to the user in the page's content, it is visible (and can be
edited) using any browser's developer tools or "View Source" functionality. Do not use hidden
inputs as a form of security!

Example
<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br><br>
<input type="hidden" id="custId" name="custId" value="3487">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

Input Type Month


The <input type="month"> allows the user to select a month and year.

Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.

Example
<form>
<label for="bdaymonth">Birthday (month and year):</label>
<input type="month" id="bdaymonth" name="bdaymonth">
</form>

Input Type Number


The <input type="number"> defines a numeric input field.

You can also set restrictions on what numbers are accepted.

The following example displays a numeric input field, where you can enter a value from 1 to 5:

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Example
<form>
<label for="quantity">Quantity (between 1 and 5):</label>
<input type="number" id="quantity" name="quantity" min="1" max="5">
</form>

Input Restrictions
Here is a list of some common input restrictions:

Attribute Description

checked Specifies that an input field should be pre-selected when the page
loads (for type="checkbox" or type="radio")

disabled Specifies that an input field should be disabled

max Specifies the maximum value for an input field

maxlength Specifies the maximum number of character for an input field

min Specifies the minimum value for an input field

pattern Specifies a regular expression to check the input value against

readonly Specifies that an input field is read only (cannot be changed)

required Specifies that an input field is required (must be filled out)

size Specifies the width (in characters) of an input field

step Specifies the legal number intervals for an input field

value Specifies the default value for an input field

You will learn more about input restrictions in the next chapter.

The following example displays a numeric input field, where you can enter a value from 0 to
100, in steps of 10. The default value is 30:

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Example
<form>
<label for="quantity">Quantity:</label>
<input type="number" id="quantity" name="quantity" min="0" max="100" step="10" value="3
0">
</form>

Input Type Range


The <input type="range"> defines a control for entering a number whose exact value is not
important (like a slider control). Default range is 0 to 100. However, you can set restrictions on
what numbers are accepted with the min, max, and step attributes:

Example
<form>
<label for="vol">Volume (between 0 and 50):</label>
<input type="range" id="vol" name="vol" min="0" max="50">
</form>

Input Type Search


The <input type="search"> is used for search fields (a search field behaves like a regular text
field).

Example
<form>
<label for="gsearch">Search Google:</label>
<input type="search" id="gsearch" name="gsearch">
</form>

Input Type Tel


The <input type="tel"> is used for input fields that should contain a telephone number.

Example
<form>
<label for="phone">Enter your phone number:</label>
<input type="tel" id="phone" name="phone" pattern="[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{3}">
</form>

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Input Type Time
The <input type="time"> allows the user to select a time (no time zone).

Depending on browser support, a time picker can show up in the input field.

Example
<form>
<label for="appt">Select a time:</label>
<input type="time" id="appt" name="appt">
</form>

Input Type Url


The <input type="url"> is used for input fields that should contain a URL address.

Depending on browser support, the url field can be automatically validated when submitted.

Some smartphones recognize the url type, and adds ".com" to the keyboard to match url input.

Example
<form>
<label for="homepage">Add your homepage:</label>
<input type="url" id="homepage" name="homepage">
</form>

Input Type Week


The <input type="week"> allows the user to select a week and year.

Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.

Example
<form>
<label for="week">Select a week:</label>
<input type="week" id="week" name="week">
</form>

Try it Yourself »

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HTML Input Attributes

The value Attribute


The input value attribute specifies an initial value for an input field:

Example
Input fields with initial (default) values:

<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe">
</form>

The readonly Attribute


The input readonly attribute specifies that an input field is read-only.

A read-only input field cannot be modified (however, a user can tab to it, highlight it, and copy
the text from it).

The value of a read-only input field will be sent when submitting the form!

Example
A read-only input field:

<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John" readonly><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe">
</form>

The disabled Attribute


The input disabled attribute specifies that an input field should be disabled.

A disabled input field is unusable and un-clickable.

The value of a disabled input field will not be sent when submitting the form!

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Example
A disabled input field:

<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John" disabled><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe">
</form>

The size Attribute


The input size attribute specifies the visible width, in characters, of an input field.

The default value for size is 20.

Note: The size attribute works with the following input types: text, search, tel, url, email, and
password.

Example
Set a width for an input field:

<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" size="50"><br>
<label for="pin">PIN:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="pin" name="pin" size="4">
</form>

The maxlength Attribute


The input maxlength attribute specifies the maximum number of characters allowed in an input
field.

Note: When a maxlength is set, the input field will not accept more than the specified number of
characters. However, this attribute does not provide any feedback. So, if you want to alert the
user, you must write JavaScript code.

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Example
Set a maximum length for an input field:

<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" size="50"><br>
<label for="pin">PIN:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="pin" name="pin" maxlength="4" size="4">
</form>

The min and max Attributes


The input min and max attributes specify the minimum and maximum values for an input field.

The min and max attributes work with the following input types: number, range, date, datetime-
local, month, time and week.

Tip: Use the max and min attributes together to create a range of legal values.

Example
Set a max date, a min date, and a range of legal values:

<form>
<label for="datemax">Enter a date before 1980-01-01:</label>
<input type="date" id="datemax" name="datemax" max="1979-12-31"><br><br>

<label for="datemin">Enter a date after 2000-01-01:</label>


<input type="date" id="datemin" name="datemin" min="2000-01-02"><br><br>

<label for="quantity">Quantity (between 1 and 5):</label>


<input type="number" id="quantity" name="quantity" min="1" max="5">
</form>

The multiple Attribute


The input multiple attribute specifies that the user is allowed to enter more than one value in an
input field.

The multiple attribute works with the following input types: email, and file.

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Example
A file upload field that accepts multiple values:

<form>
<label for="files">Select files:</label>
<input type="file" id="files" name="files" multiple>
</form>

The pattern Attribute


The input pattern attribute specifies a regular expression that the input field's value is checked
against, when the form is submitted.

The pattern attribute works with the following input types: text, date, search, url, tel, email, and
password.

Tip: Use the global title attribute to describe the pattern to help the user.

Tip: Learn more about regular expressions in our JavaScript tutorial.

Example
An input field that can contain only three letters (no numbers or special characters):

<form>
<label for="country_code">Country code:</label>
<input type="text" id="country_code" name="country_code"
pattern="[A-Za-z]{3}" title="Three letter country code">
</form>

The placeholder Attribute


The input placeholder attribute specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of an input
field (a sample value or a short description of the expected format).

The short hint is displayed in the input field before the user enters a value.

The placeholder attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email, and
password.

Example
An input field with a placeholder text:

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<form>
<label for="phone">Enter a phone number:</label>
<input type="tel" id="phone" name="phone"
placeholder="123-45-678"
pattern="[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{3}">
</form>

The required Attribute


The input required attribute specifies that an input field must be filled out before submitting the
form.

The required attribute works with the following input types: text, search, url, tel, email,
password, date pickers, number, checkbox, radio, and file.

Example
A required input field:

<form>
<label for="username">Username:</label>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" required>
</form>

The step Attribute


The input step attribute specifies the legal number intervals for an input field.

Example: if step="3", legal numbers could be -3, 0, 3, 6, etc.

Tip: This attribute can be used together with the max and min attributes to create a range of legal
values.

The step attribute works with the following input types: number, range, date, datetime-local,
month, time and week.

Example
An input field with a specified legal number intervals:

<form>
<label for="points">Points:</label>
<input type="number" id="points" name="points" step="3">
</form>

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Note: Input restrictions are not foolproof, and JavaScript provides many ways to add illegal
input. To safely restrict input, it must also be checked by the receiver (the server)!

The autofocus Attribute


The input autofocus attribute specifies that an input field should automatically get focus when
the page loads.

Example
Let the "First name" input field automatically get focus when the page loads:

<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" autofocus><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname">
</form>

The height and width Attributes


The input height and width attributes specify the height and width of an <input
type="image"> element.

Tip: Always specify both the height and width attributes for images. If height and width are set,
the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. Without these attributes,
the browser does not know the size of the image, and cannot reserve the appropriate space to it.
The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).

Example
Define an image as the submit button, with height and width attributes:

<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname"><br><br>
<input type="image" src="img_submit.gif" alt="Submit" width="48" height="48">
</form>

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The list Attribute
The input list attribute refers to a <datalist> element that contains pre-defined options for an
<input> element.

Example
An <input> element with pre-defined values in a <datalist>:

<form>
<input list="browsers">
<datalist id="browsers">
<option value="Edge">
<option value="Firefox">
<option value="Chrome">
<option value="Opera">
<option value="Safari">
</datalist>
</form>

The autocomplete Attribute


The input autocomplete attribute specifies whether a form or an input field should have
autocomplete on or off.

Autocomplete allows the browser to predict the value. When a user starts to type in a field, the
browser should display options to fill in the field, based on earlier typed values.

The autocomplete attribute works with <form> and the following <input> types: text, search, url,
tel, email, password, datepickers, range, and color.

Example
An HTML form with autocomplete on, and off for one input field:

<form action="/action_page.php" autocomplete="on">


<label for="fname">First name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname"><br><br>
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" autocomplete="off"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
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HTML Multimedia
Multimedia on the web is sound, music, videos, movies, and animations.

What is Multimedia?
Multimedia comes in many different formats. It can be almost anything you can hear or see, like
images, music, sound, videos, records, films, animations, and more.

Web pages often contain multimedia elements of different types and formats.

Browser Support
The first web browsers had support for text only, limited to a single font in a single color.

Later came browsers with support for colors, fonts, images, and multimedia!

Multimedia Formats
Multimedia elements (like audio or video) are stored in media files.

The most common way to discover the type of a file, is to look at the file extension.

Multimedia files have formats and different extensions like: .wav, .mp3, .mp4, .mpg, .wmv,
and .avi.

Common Video Formats


There are many video formats out there.

The MP4, WebM, and Ogg formats are supported by HTML.

The MP4 format is recommended by YouTube.

Format File Description

MPEG .mpg MPEG. Developed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group. The
.mpeg first popular video format on the web. Not supported anymore in
HTML.

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AVI .avi AVI (Audio Video Interleave). Developed by Microsoft.
Commonly used in video cameras and TV hardware. Plays well
on Windows computers, but not in web browsers.

WMV .wmv WMV (Windows Media Video). Developed by Microsoft.


Commonly used in video cameras and TV hardware. Plays well
on Windows computers, but not in web browsers.

QuickTime .mov QuickTime. Developed by Apple. Commonly used in video


cameras and TV hardware. Plays well on Apple computers, but
not in web browsers.

RealVideo .rm RealVideo. Developed by Real Media to allow video streaming


.ram with low bandwidths. Does not play in web browsers.

Flash .swf Flash. Developed by Macromedia. Often requires an extra


.flv component (plug-in) to play in web browsers.

Ogg .ogg Theora Ogg. Developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation. Supported


by HTML.

WebM .webm WebM. Developed by Mozilla, Opera, Adobe, and Google.


Supported by HTML.

MPEG-4 .mp4 MP4. Developed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group.


or MP4 Commonly used in video cameras and TV hardware. Supported
by all browsers and recommended by YouTube.

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Note: Only MP4, WebM, and Ogg video are supported by the HTML standard.

Common Audio Formats


MP3 is the best format for compressed recorded music. The term MP3 has become synonymous
with digital music.

If your website is about recorded music, MP3 is the choice.

Format File Description

MIDI .mid MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). Main format for all
.midi electronic music devices like synthesizers and PC sound cards.
MIDI files do not contain sound, but digital notes that can be played
by electronics. Plays well on all computers and music hardware, but
not in web browsers.

RealAudio .rm RealAudio. Developed by Real Media to allow streaming of audio


.ram with low bandwidths. Does not play in web browsers.

WMA .wm WMA (Windows Media Audio). Developed by Microsoft. Plays


a well on Windows computers, but not in web browsers.

AAC .aac AAC (Advanced Audio Coding). Developed by Apple as the


default format for iTunes. Plays well on Apple computers, but not
in web browsers.

WAV .wav WAV. Developed by IBM and Microsoft. Plays well on Windows,
Macintosh, and Linux operating systems. Supported by HTML.

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Ogg .ogg Ogg. Developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation. Supported by HTML.

MP3 .mp3 MP3 files are actually the sound part of MPEG files. MP3 is the
most popular format for music players. Combines good
compression (small files) with high quality. Supported by all
browsers.

MP4 .mp4 MP4 is a video format, but can also be used for audio. Supported by
all browsers.

Note: Only MP3, WAV, and Ogg audio are supported by the HTML standard.

HTML Video
The HTML <video> element is used to show a video on a web page.

The HTML <video> Element


To show a video in HTML, use the <video> element:

Example
<video width="320" height="240" controls>
<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4">
<source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

How it Works
The controls attribute adds video controls, like play, pause, and volume.

It is a good idea to always include width and height attributes. If height and width are not set, the
page might flicker while the video loads.

The <source> element allows you to specify alternative video files which the browser may
choose from. The browser will use the first recognized format.

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The text between the <video> and </video> tags will only be displayed in browsers that do not
support the <video> element.

HTML <video> Autoplay


To start a video automatically, use the autoplay attribute:

Example
<video width="320" height="240" autoplay>
<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4">
<source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

Note: Chromium browsers do not allow autoplay in most cases. However, muted autoplay is
always allowed.

Add muted after autoplay to let your video start playing automatically (but muted):

Example
<video width="320" height="240" autoplay muted>
<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4">
<source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

Browser Support
The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports
the <video> element.

Element

<video> 4.0 9.0 3.5 4.0 10.5

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HTML Video Formats
There are three supported video formats: MP4, WebM, and Ogg. The browser support for the
different formats is:

Browser MP4 WebM Ogg

Edge YES YES YES

Chrome YES YES YES

Firefox YES YES YES

Safari YES YES NO

Opera YES YES YES

HTML Video - Media Types

File Format Media Type

MP4 video/mp4

WebM video/webm

Ogg video/ogg

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HTML Video - Methods, Properties, and Events
The HTML DOM defines methods, properties, and events for the <video> element.

This allows you to load, play, and pause videos, as well as setting duration and volume.

There are also DOM events that can notify you when a video begins to play, is paused, etc.

HTML Video Tags

Tag Description

<video> Defines a video or movie

<source> Defines multiple media resources for media elements, such as <video>
and <audio>

<track> Defines text tracks in media players

HTML Audio
The HTML <audio> element is used to play an audio file on a web page.

The HTML <audio> Element


To play an audio file in HTML, use the <audio> element:

Example
<audio controls>
<source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
<source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

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HTML Audio - How It Works
The controls attribute adds audio controls, like play, pause, and volume.

The <source> element allows you to specify alternative audio files which the browser may
choose from. The browser will use the first recognized format.

The text between the <audio> and </audio> tags will only be displayed in browsers that do not
support the <audio> element.

HTML <audio> Autoplay


To start an audio file automatically, use the autoplay attribute:

Example
<audio controls autoplay>
<source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
<source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

Note: Chromium browsers do not allow autoplay in most cases. However, muted autoplay is
always allowed.

Add muted after autoplay to let your audio file start playing automatically (but muted):

Example
<audio controls autoplay muted>
<source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
<source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

HTML Audio Formats


There are three supported audio formats: MP3, WAV, and OGG. The browser support for the
different formats is:

Browser MP3 WAV OGG

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Edge/IE YES YES* YES*

Chrome YES YES YES

Firefox YES YES YES

Safari YES YES NO

Opera YES YES YES

HTML Audio - Media Types

File Format Media Type

MP3 audio/mpeg

OGG audio/ogg

WAV audio/wav

HTML Audio - Methods, Properties, and Events


The HTML DOM defines methods, properties, and events for the <audio> element.

This allows you to load, play, and pause audios, as well as set duration and volume.

There are also DOM events that can notify you when an audio begins to play, is paused, etc.

For a full DOM reference, go to our HTML Audio/Video DOM Reference.

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HTML Audio Tags

Tag Description

<audio> Defines sound content

<source> Defines multiple media resources for media elements, such as


<video> and <audio>

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