08 Introduction To Data Visualisation
08 Introduction To Data Visualisation
Data Visualisation
Lecture 8
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Learning Objectives
✓ Understand the importance of data/information visualisation
✓ Learn different types of visualisation technique
✓ Appreciate the value that visual analytics brings to business analytics
✓ Know the capabilities and limitations of different plots
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What is Data & Information Visualisation?
“The use of visual representations to explore, make sense of, and communicate data.”
● Converting raw data to a form that is viewable and understandable to humans
● Information = aggregation, summarization, and contextualization of data
● Related to information graphics, scientific visualization, and statistical graphics
● Often includes charts, graphs, illustrations, …
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Information visualisation is the art of representing data so that it is easy to understand and
manipulate, thus making the information useful. Visualisation can make sense of information
by helping to find relationships in the data and support (or disproving) ideas about the data.
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Why data visualisation is such a powerful tool?
✓ Intuitive: Presenting a graph as a node-link structure instantly makes sense, even to people who
have never worked with graphs before.
✓ Fast: It is fast because our brains are great at identifying patterns, but only when data is presented
in a tangible format. Armed with visualisation, we can spot trends and outliers very effectively.
✓ Flexible: The world is densely connected, so as long as there is an interesting relationship in your
data somewhere, you will find value in graph visualisation.
✓ Insightful: Exploring graph data interactively allows users to gain more in-depth knowledge,
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understand the context and ask more questions, compared to static visualisation or raw data.
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Implications of Good Data Visualization
Principle Description
People can process and remember images quicker than words. When data
1. Easy Recall is transformed into images, the readability and cognition of the content
greatly improves.
Providing You can pack a lot of information into a small space. Colors, shape,
2. Window for movement, the contrast in scale and weight, and even sound can be used to
Perspective denote different aspects of the data allowing for multi-layered understanding.
Color, shape, sounds, and size can make evident relationships within data
Enable
very intuitive. When data points are represented as images or components
3. Qualitative
of an entire scene, readers are able to see the correlation and analytical
Analysis
insights can be easily derived.
4. User someone will spend with the content and the degree to which they
Participation participate in the information, both in its collection and its dissemination.
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A Brief History
● Data visualization can date back to the second century AD
● Most developments have occurred in the last two and a half centuries
● Until recently it was not recognized as a discipline
● Today’s most popular visual forms date back a few centuries
William Playfair is widely credited as the inventor of the modern chart, having created the first line and pie charts.
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Decimation of Napoleon’s Army During the 1812
Russian Campaign
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Visual Analytics for Industry
➢ A recently coined term
➢ Information visualisation + predictive analytics
➢ Information visualisation
➢ Descriptive, backward focused
➢ “what happened” “what is happening”
➢ Predictive analytics
➢ Predictive, future focused
➢ “what will happen” “why will it happen”
➢ There is a strong move toward visual analytics
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Visual Analytics by SAS Institute
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Visual Analytics by TABLEAU FREE to students and teachers with .edu email
https://www.tableau.com/academic/teaching
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Visual Analytics by POWER BI
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Four questions to ask before
Data Visualisation
● 1. What data is important to show?
● 2. What do I want to emphasize in the data?
● 3. What options do I have for displaying this data?
● 4. Which option is most effective in communicating the data?
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Which Chart or Graph Should You Use?
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Part-To-
Time Series Ranking Deviation
Whole
Dot Plots
Bar Graphs
Quantitative scale must begin at zero
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Bar Graphs
Quantitative scale must begin at zero
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What about pie charts?
● Commonly used to show parts of a whole
● However…
➢ Hard to judge relative size of pie slices – better at differentiating length
➢ Require labels and good color contrast to even be usable (often difficult)
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Box Plots
When Comparing Multiple Distributions
Histograms show Frequency for a continuous variable
Correlation
Comparison of two paired sets of values to determine
if there is a relationship between them
Scatter Plot
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Normal comparison
simple comparison of values for a set of ordered
items
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Visualisation Components
● Color
● Size
● Texture
● Proximity
● Annotation
● Interactivity
○ Selection / Filtering
○ Zoom
○ Animation
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Visualisation Pipeline
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Visualisation Workflow
● Acquire
● Parse
● Filter
● Mine
● Represent
● Refine
● Interact
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Visualisation Workflow
● Acquire
● Parse
● Filter
● Mine
● Represent
● Refine
● Interact
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Visualisation Workflow
● Acquire
● Parse
● Filter
● Mine
● Represent
● Refine
● Interact
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Practices
1. Which type of data visualisation shown
in the chart/ graph?
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