OOP

INF211 (INF2112): Object-Oriented class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Programming (OOP)
Objects

Dr. Azanzi Jiomekong

OOP University of Yaounde I, Department
of Computer Sciences
class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

return this.code ;
November 9, 2022
}
...
}

1 / 34
 OOP
class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){
this.code=code ;
}
public String getCode(){
return this.code ;
}
...
}

Copyright (c) 2020 Azanzi Jiomekong.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. More information about the license is included in the section
entitled ” The GNU Free Documentation License”.

2 / 34
 OOP

Objects class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Class

Object
Abstraction

OOPs
concepts
Encapsulation
Polymorphism

Inheritance

3 / 34
 OOP

Class class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

UML representation

Object: class
attribute1=value1 :class
attribute1=value1
attribute1=value1

4 / 34
 OOP

Class class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

C++ representation: Syntax

5 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

• Basic unit of OOP

• Instance of a class

• Represents the real-life entities

• Has an identity, state and behavior

• Contains data and code to manipulate the data

• Interact with other’s without details on data or code

6 / 34
 OOP

Class class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

UML representation

Object: class
attribute1=value1 :class
attribute1=value1
attribute1=value1

7 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

C++ instanciation

i n t main ( ) {
// C a l l i n g t h e d e f a u l t C o n s t r u c t o r o f t h e c l a s s P a s s e n g e r
Passenger passenger1 ;
c o u t <<”The p a s s e n g e r ID i s : ” <<p a s s e n g e r 1 . i d <<e n d l ;
// C a l l i n g t h e P a r a m e t e r i z e d C o n s t r u c t o r
Passenger passenger2 (32);
c o u t <<”P a s s e n g e r ID i s : ” <<p a s s e n g e r 2 . i d <<e n d l ;
// C a l l i n g t h e c o p y C o n s t r u c t o r
Passenger passenger3 = passenger2 ;
}

8 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Javascript instanciation

• Objects are everywhere

• Unordered collection of related data, of primitive or reference

types, in the form of ”key: value” pairs
−→ Key = variable/function

• Every element is an object whenever it is a function, array, and

string

• Objects are created in two ways:

◦ Using an object Literal
◦ Using an object constructor

9 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

C++ instanciation

%S i m p l e o b j e c t
% l e t school = {
% name : ” V i v e k a n a n d a S c h o o l ” ,
% location : ” Delhi ” ,
% e s t a b l i s h e d : ”1971”
% }
%O b j e c t w i t h f u n c t i o n members
% l e t school = {
% name : ’ V i v e k a n a n d a S c h o o l ’ ,
% l o c a t i o n : ’ Delhi ’ ,
% e s t a b l i s h e d : ’1971 ’ ,
% d i s p l a y I n f o : f u n c t i o n (){
% c o n s o l e . l o g ( ‘ ${ s c h o o l . name} was e s t a b l i s h e d
% i n ${ s c h o o l . e s t a b l i s h e d } a t ${ s c h o o l . l o c a t i o n } ‘ ) ;
% }
% }
% school . displayInfo ();

10 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Javascript instanciation

U s i n g an O b j e c t L i t e r a l
// D e f i n i n g o b j e c t
l e t person = {
f i r s t n a m e : ’ Robert ’ ,
l a s t n a m e : ’ Danyan ’ ,

// method
getFunction : f u n c t i o n (){
r e t u r n ( ‘ The name o f t h e p e r s o n i s
${ p e r s o n . f i r s t n a m e } ${ p e r s o n . l a s t n a m e } ‘ )
},
// o b j e c t w i t h i n o b j e c t
p ho ne n umber : {
mobile : ’69485658 ’ ,
l a n d l i n e : ’65845545 ’
}
}
U s i n g an O b j e c t C o n s t r u c t o r :
// u s i n g a c o n s t r u c t o r
f u n c t i o n p e r s o n ( f i r s t n a m e , l a s t n a m e ){
this . first name = first name ;
t h i s . last name = last name ;
}
// c r e a t i n g new i n s t a n c e s o f p e r s o n o b j e c t
l e t p e r s o n 1 = new p e r s o n ( ’ J e a n R o b e r t ’ , ’ Koloko ’ ) ;
l e t p e r s o n 2 = new p e r s o n ( ’ A z a n z i ’ , ’ Jiomekong ’ ) ;

11 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Javascript instanciation

// U s i n g O b j e c t . c r e a t e ( ) method : u s e an e x i s t i n g o b j e c t a s p r o t o t y p e
new o b j e c t

// S i m p l e o b j e c t w i t h some p r o p e r t i e s
c o n s t c ook = {
isCooking : false ,
// D e f i n i t i o n o f t h e f u n c t i o n member o f t h e o b j e c t Cook
p r i n t I n t r o d u c t i o n : function (){
c o n s o l e . l o g ( ’My name i s $ { t h i s . name } . Am I c o o k i n g ? :
${ t h i s . i s C o o k i n g } . ’ )
}
}
// O b j e c t . c r e a t e ( ) method
c o n s t c o o k 1 = O b j e c t . c r e a t e ( coo k ) ;
c o o k 1 . name = ” C h e f G u s t e a u ”
// o v e r w r i t t i n g e x i s t i n g p r o p e r t i e s
cook1 . i s C o o k i n g = t r u e ;
cook1 . p r i n t I n t r o d u c t i o n ( ) ;

12 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Javascript instanciation as defined by es6

// C r e a t i n g o b j e c t s w i t h t h e h e l p o f c l a s s e s
// Use t h e c l a s s c o n s t r u c t o r t o c r e a t e t h e o b j e c t

l e t mouse1 = new Mouse ( ’ MIMI ’ , 1 0 ) ;

l e t c a t 1 = new Cat ( ’ Tom’ , mouse1 ) ;

13 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Javascript instanciation

Inherited properties:
• Properties which have been inherited from object’s prototype
• hasOwnProperty : used to verify if a property is an object own
property

14 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Javascript instanciation

Property Attributes:
• value: the property’s value
• writable: when true, the property’s value can be changed
• enumerable: when true, the property can be iterated over ”for-in”
• Configurable: if false, attemps to delete the property, change the
property to be an access-or property, or change its attributes will
fail

15 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Javascript instanciation

// e x a m p l e o f h a s O w n P r o p e r t y u s a g e
c o n s t o b j e c t 1 = new O b j e c t ( ) ;
object1 . property1 = 42;

c o n s o l e . l o g ( o b j e c t 1 . h a s O w n P r o p e r t y ( ’ p r o p e r t y 1 ’ ) ) ; // t r u e

// U s i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t o r
f u n c t i o n Car ( name , maker ){
t h i s . name = name ;
t h i s . maker = maker ;
}
l e t c a r 1 = new Car ( ’ Toyota C a r i n a ’ , ’ Toyota ’ ) ;

// C l a s s e s w i t h c o n s t r u c t o r s
// Only one c o n s t r u c t o r i s a l l o w e d
c l a s s Person{
c o n s t r u c t o r (){
t h i s . name = ” John ” ;
}
}
l e t p e r s o n 1 = new P e r s o n ( ) ;

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 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Javascript instanciation

• Every JS objects has a prototype object property by default

• All objects created using prototype inherit all properties and

methods from its prototype objects - we can obtain a prototype
chaining

• Prototype chaining terminates with the Object.prototype which is

the default prototype fallback for all objects

• JS objects, by default, inherit properties and methods from

Object.prototype

17 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Javascript instanciation

// c o o k s i s t h e p r o t o t y p e t o c r e a t e o b j e c t s cook
l e t cooks = {
name : ” G u s t e a u ”
}
l e t cook1 = O b j e c t . c r e a t e ( cook )
//To show a l l t h e p r o p e r t i e s o f an o b j e c t
f o r ( l e t key i n person )
c o n s o l e . l o g ( key ) ;
//To d e l e t e a p r o p e r t y
d e l e t e . cook1 . name ;

18 / 34
 OOP

Java Script class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Object instantiation

• Creating objects with constructor

◦ Declare a function similar to a class with three parameters
◦ Create an object ”koki” and initialize and call its method

// S i m p l e f u n c t i o n
f u n c t i o n f o o d ( name , r e g i o n , i n g r e d i e n t ) {
t h i s . name=name ;
t h i s . r e g i o n=r e g i o n ;
t h i s . i n g r e d i e n t=i n g r e d i e n t ;
}
// C r e a t i n g an o b j e c t w i t h a c o n s t r u c t o r a s a
// p r o t o t y p e o f f o o d o b j e c t
l e t k o k i = new f o o d ( ’ k o k i ’ , ’ West ’ , ’ b e a n s , palm o i l ’ ) ;
// P r i n t t h e p r o p e r t i e s
c o n s o l e . l o g ( k o k i . name ) ;
//Do t h e same f o r t h e o t h e r p r o p e r t i e s

19 / 34
 OOP

Java Script class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Creating object using object literals

Literals:
• Smaller and simpler ways to define objects
• Simple define the property and values inside
// C r e a t i n g o b j e c t s w i t h t h e h e l p o f o b j e c t s l i t e r a l s
l e t koki{
name : ’ Koki ’ ,
coo k : ’ Mami made ’ ,
r e g i o n : ’ West ’
};
// U s i n g a c c e s s o r s
c o n s o l e . l o g ( k o k i . name ) ;
c o n s o l e . l o g ( k o k i [ ’ name ’ ] ) ;
//Add a new p r o p e r t y t o t h e ” k o k i ” o b j e c t
k o k i . i n g r e d i e n t =’ beans , w a t e r , s a l t ’ ;
koki . log ( koki ) ;
// Adding methods a s p r o p e r t i e s
cooking : f u n c t i o n (){
c o n s o l e . l o g ( ’ G r a s e , mix t h e i n g r e d i e n t and p u t on f i r e f o r 2h ’ )
}
koki . cooking ( ) ;
//Add method s t o p C o o k i n g l a t e r t o t h e o b j e c t
k o k i . stopCooking = f u n c t i o n (){
c o n s o l e . l o g ( ’ I f t h e 2h i s o v e r , s t o p c o o k i n g ’ ) ;
}
//20U /s i34
ng the stopCooking f u n c t i o n : koki . stopCooking ( ) ;
 OOP

Java Script class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Creating object using Object.create() method

Object.create() method:
• Creates a new object using an existing one as the prototype
c o n s t mouse = {
isEating : false ,
printMyStatus : function (){
c o n s o l e . l o g ( ‘My name i s $ { t h i s . mouseName } . Am I e a t i n g ?
${ t h i s . i s E a t i n g } ‘ ) ;
}
};
c o n s t mouse1 = O b j e c t . c r e a t e ( mouse ) ;
mouse1 = ” mouse1 ” ;
mouse1 . i s E a t i n g = t r u e ;
mouse1 . p r i n t M y S t a t u s ( ) ;

21 / 34
 OOP

Java Script class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Creating object using es6 classes

ES6:
• Support class concepts
• Object can be created out of a class
c l a s s Person {
c o n s t r u c t o r ( name , age , s e x , e a t i n g H a b i t ) {
t h i s . name = name ;
t h i s . ag e = a g e ;
t h i s . sex = sex ;
this . eatingHabit = eatingHabit ;
}
}
l e t p e r s o n 1 = new P e r s o n ( ’ B e l l ’ , 5 3 , ’M’ , ” h i g h s u g g a r ” )
console . log ( person1 . eatingHabit ) ;

22 / 34
 OOP

Java Script class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Creating object using es6 classes

• Thanks to Node.js, JavaScript can be used as backend language

• JavaScript Engine:
◦ Each browser has its own one
◦ Convert the JS code to make them interpretable by a browser
• Popular JS engines:
◦ Chrome: V8
◦ Firefox: SpiderMonkey
◦ Safari: JavaScriptCore
◦ Microsoft Edge: Chakra/ChakraCore
• ECMA Script Standard:
◦ Trademark scripting-language specification
◦ Standardized by European Computer Manufactures Association
◦ Provides the rules, details, and guidelines that a scripting language
must observe
23 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

• Everything in JS is an object

• Each variable, string, array

• Dynamic Typing: the interpreter figures out the type of the

variable dynamically based on certain conditions

• Primitive Data Types:

◦ Have no methods attached to them
◦ Used in isolation

24 / 34
 OOP

JavaScript class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Types definitions in JS

• Data types under the primitive category:

◦ undefined: the variable exist and is not defined
◦ null: variable exist and is not explicitly set
◦ boolean: logical entity which has only two valued (true and false)
◦ number: data type to define a number which can be integer,
floating-point, double
◦ string: defines string values of a character
◦ symbol: primitive data type that can be used to make object
properties that are anonymous

25 / 34
 OOP

JavaScript class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Coercion

• Also called typecasting in C++ and Java

• Process of converting a value from one type to another

• Two types:
◦ Explicit coercion:
• The definition of a variable as a data type is explicit
l e t age = 5 3 ;
l e t e x p l i c i t A g e = S t r i n g ( ag e ) ;
l e t e x p l i c i t A g e 1 = a ge . t o S t r i n g ( ) ;

◦ Implicit coercion:
• The interpreter dynamically casts the variable under certain conditions
l e t age = 5 3 ;
l e t i m p l i c i t A g e = a ge + ” ” ;

26 / 34
 OOP

JavaScript class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

• The variable lifetime is from where they are declared until their
function ends

• If no function is declared −→ the scope of the variable is global

• When the function is declared, it is usable from anywhere within

the code

27 / 34
 OOP

JavaScript class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

• The JavaScript engine works in two different phases:

◦ Creation phase:
• The engine reads through the entire code
• Throw a syntactic error if one is found
• Functions definition are saved in memory
• Variable names are declared
• Variable initialization will not be run
◦ Execution phase: The code is run

28 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Java instanciation

• All the instances share the attributes and the behavior of the class

• The state (defined by the values of the attributes) are unique for
each object

• The new operator is used to instanciate objects

• Four ways to create objects:

1. Using new: Cook = new Cook();
2. Using Class.forName(String className) method
−→ forName: returns the class object associated with the class with
the given string name
−→ cook = (Cook)Class.forName(cm.tsotsa.Cook).newInstance()

29 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Java instanciation

• Four ways to create objects:

1. Using clone() method: create and return a copy of the object
−→ cook2 = (Cook)cook1.clone();

2. Using deserialization: technique of reading an object from a saved

state in a file
−→ FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(file name)
−→ ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(file)
−→ Object obj = in.readObject();

30 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Java instanciation: Anonymous objects

• Instantiated, but not stored in a reference variable

• Used for immediate method calling
• Destroyed after method calling
//When t h e b u t t o n i s p r e s s e d , anonymous
// o b j e c t E v e n t H a n d l e r i s c r e a t e d f o r
j u s t c a l l i n g h a n d l e method
b t n . s e t O n A c t i o n ( new E v e n t H a n d l e r ( )
{
pu bl ic void handle ( ActionEvent event )
{
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( ” T e s t i n g anonymous o b j e c t s ” ) ;
}
}
)

31 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Python instanciation

An object consists of:

• State: represented by the attributes of an object

Reflects the properties of an object (age, sex, squeen color)

• Behavior: represented by the method of an object

Also reflects the response of an object to other objects (a person is
eating or drinking)

• Identity: gives a unique name to an object and enables one object

to interact with other objects - name of the doc

32 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Python instanciation

c l a s s Person :
#c l a s s a t t r i b u t e
name = ” J i o m e k o n g ”

def init ( s e l f , name ) :

s e l f . name = name

p e r s o n 1 = P e r s o n ( ” Kenneth ” )
person2 = Person (” Asongtia ”)

#A c c e s s i n g t o o b j e c t members
p r i n t ( ” Kenneth i s a { } ” . f o r m a t ( p e r s o n 1 . class . attr1 ))
p r i n t (” Asongtia i s a {}”. format ( person2 . class . attr1 ))

#A c c e s s i n g i n s t a n c e a t t r i b u t e s
p r i n t ( ”My name i s { } ” . f o r m a t ( p e r s o n 1 . name ) )
p r i n t ( ”My name i s { } ” . f o r m a t ( p e r s o n 2 . name ) )

33 / 34
 OOP

Object class Patient extends Personne Implements presentYourself {

}
Private String code ;
public void setCode(String code){

}
this.code=code ;

public String getCode(){

...
return this.code ;

Python instanciation

c l a s s Fufu :
#C l a s s a t t r i b u t e s
a t t r 1 = ” Food ”

#I n s t a n c e a t t r i b u t e
def init ( s e l f , name ) :
s e l f . name = name
def foodPresentation ( s e l f ) :
p r i n t ( ”My name i s { } ” . f o r m a t ( s e l f . name ) )
#O b j e c t i n s t a n c i a t i o n
f u f u C o r n = Fufu (” Fufu corn ”)
w a t e r F u f u = F u f u ( ” Water F u f u ” )
#A c c e s s i n g c l a s s methods
fufuCorn . foodPresentation ()
waterFufu . foodPresentation ()

#C r e a t i n g F u f u o b j e c t
f u f u C o r n = Fufu ( ) ;

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