IT Application Tools in Business

MODULE 1
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY

Module Title: Introduction to Information and Communications

Technology
Course Title: Fundamentals of Computer
Course Number: AE 216
Course Description: This course deals with the fundamentals of
computer system, networking, data processing concepts, and managing
MS windows 10 program with keyboarding, Email and Internet application,
Google Suite and latest version of MS Offices program such as Word, Excel
and PowerPoint.
Total Learning Time: Week 1 – 4 (1 Month)
Pre-requisite: None

Overview:
This module serves as an introduction to computer terminology, computer
equipment, and provides fundamental concepts for using PC-based
software. Topics covered include computer hardware and its operation,
operating systems and application software.

Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be

able to do the following:
1. Understand the relationship between technological change and
industrial revolutions
2. Appreciate the pervasive effect that new technologies can have on the
economy and, in particular, on productivity
3. Understand how industry dynamics can be analyzed using the
‘industrial life cycle’ model
4. Use data and historical examples to support economic arguments.

Indicative Content:
 History of Computer
 Computer’s Today
 Concepts of ICT and IT
 Hardware; Five types of Computers
 Motherboard
 Uses of Computer in our daily life

Chapter 1
Introduction to Information and Communications Technology
History of Computer

How did it start? Long time ago, people had to work very hard to have
something they want. They always look for ways to make their work faster
and easier. Since man is born with intelligence, he thought of ways that
would make things easy for him. One of the problems encountered by
man was counting the things he had. Because of this, he invented
something that could help him count fast and easy.

Early Computing Devices

The Abacus
About 4,000 years ago, the Chinese invented the ABACUS. It is an adding
tool that can help can you add & subtract numbers by moving beads
back & forth on rods. The abacus was one of the earliest counting
devise invented to help man solve his counting problems.

The Pascaline Calculator

In 1642, Blaise Pascal , a French mathematician, invented the Pascal
calculator. This device, also known as the Pascaline , operated 8 movable
dials, which could add numbers up to 8 figures long. It was used to
perform simple arithmetic calculations. This device was limited to addition
& subtraction only.

Leibnitz Calculator
In 1673, Gottfried Leibntiz, a German mathematician & philosopher,
enchanced the Pascaline by creating a device that could also multiply. It
can even find the square root of number. The device was called the
Leibnitz Calculator/ machine.

Jacquard’s Automatic Loom

In 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacqu ard, a Frenchman, invented the Jacquard’s
loom. Jacquard’s loom used punch card to program pattern that were
outputted as woven fabrics by the loom.
Electro-Mechanical Computing Devices

Difference Engine
In 1822, Charles Babbage, a British mathematician professor, invented the
Difference Engine. Powered by steam & as large as a locomotive, the
machine had the capacity to perform calculation and print the results.

Analytical Engine
In 1833, several years after Babbage worked on the Difference Engine, he
began working on the first general-purpose digital computer, which he
called the Analytical Engine. This steam-powered engine outlined the
basic elements of today’s modern general-purpose computer and was a
breakthrough concept.

Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine

In 1889, Herman Hollerith, an American inventor, invented the Hollerith’s
Tabulating Machine. The machine was a punch card reader and had a
capacity to store and process data. Hollerith brought his punch card
reader into the business world, founding the Tabulating Machine Company
which later became International Business Machine Company (IBM) in
1924.

Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine

Mark 1, this all-electronic calculator was invented by Howard H. Aiken in
1930. This was used to create ballistic charts for the U.S. Navy. The Mark
1 is called the Harvard-IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator.

ENIAC
Between 1943 and 1946, the ENIAC or the Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Computer was developed by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
This general-purpose computer computed at a speed 1,000 times faster
than the Mark 1.

EDVAC
Between 1947 & 1948, the EDVAC or the Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer was invented by John von Neumann. This invention
had a Central Processing Unit (CPU), which allowed all computer functions
to be coordinated through a single source.

UNIVAC 1
The 1948, the UNIVAC or the Universal Automatic Computer was
manufactured by Remington Rand Corporation. This became one of the
first commercially available computers to benefit from the various
advances in computing.

Computers Today
Supercomputers are the most powerful computers made.
Supercomputers are used to process huge amount of data for complex
processes such as nuclear fission.

Mainframe computers are the largest among the computers in use

today. It is also used where many people in large organizations are
frequently accessing similar information.
Personal Computers Personal Computers are the most common
computers in use today. A personal computer can be a desktop computer,
a notebook or a laptop or a Personal Digital Assistant. Notebook or Laptop

Father of the Computer There are hundreds of people who have

majored contributions to the field of computing. The following sections
details the primary founding fathers of computing, the computer, and the
personal computer we all know and use today.
Father of Computing Charles Babbage was considered to be the father
of computing after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine
(1837). The Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
basic flow control, and integrated memory; hailed as the first general-
purpose computer concept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues this
computer was never built while Charles Babbage was alive. However, in
1910 Henry Babbage, Charles Babbage’s youngest son was able to
complete a portion of the machine that could perform basic calculations.
In 1991, the London Science Museum completed a working version of the
Analytical Engine No. 2, which incorporated his refinements Babbage
discovered during his initial development of the Analytical Engine.

Father of Personal Computer Henry Edward Roberts is considered the

father of Personal Computer, he is the one who coined the term; “personal
computer”;. He has released the Altair 8800 in 1974. It was later
published on the front cover of Popular Electronics in 1975 making it an
overnight success. The computer was available as a kit for $ or assembled
for $621 and had several additional add-ons such as memory board and
interface boards. By August 1975, over 5,000 Altair 8800 personal
computers were sold; starting the personal computer evolution.

Father of the Computer

There are several people who could be considered as the father of the
computer including Alan Turing, John Atanasoff, and John von
Nueman. However, for the purpose of this document we’re going to
considering Konrad Zuse as the father of the computer with his
development of the Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4.
In 1936 to 1938 Konrad Zuse create Z1 in his parent’s living room, this
computer consisted of over 30,000 metal parts and is considered to be
the first electro-mechanical binary programmable computer. In 1939, the
German military commissioned Zuse to build the Z2, which was largely
based on the Z1. Later, the completed the Z3 in may of 1941, the Z was a
revolutionary computer for its time and is considered the first
electromechanical and program-controlled computer. Finally, on July 12,
1950 Zuse completed and shipped the Z4 computer, which was
considered to be the first commercial computer.

Concepts of ICT and IT

Introduction to
Computers
▪ Desktop are now
common tools in all
areas of our daily lives
▪ Secretary type
letters
▪ Artists draw pictures
▪ Engineers and
Architects make designs
▪ Scientist,
Mathematician solves
problems and equation
▪ Students, Teachers,
Businessmen and even
ordinary individuals do
all these and much
more.
There are six
components of an
information system.
These are as follows:
▪ People are the most
important part of the
Information Systems
Technology.
It is people or the end
users like you, who will
operate, input the data
and use the
resulting information
and apply it to your
personal and business
lives.
Some design and create
computer, others write
programs and still
others invent new
materials and ways to
advance computer
technology.
▪ Procedures are the
set of guidelines and
rules to follow when
using hardware,
software and data.
The procedures
mentioned are usually
written and well
documented in manuals,
included in most
software packages and
hardware today.
Software and hardware
manufacturers provide
written documentation
for their
products so that users
may be able to learn
and maximize their
productivity once
they have mastered the
equipment and the
software.
▪ Software or
programs are
instructions that will tell
the computer how it
should do
its work. The main
purpose of a program is
to process the data (raw
facts) into usable
information. Software
also provides greater
flexibility to the use of
computer, it
could become a
drawing tool by
opening a drawing
software, and it
becomes an
entertainment center by
opening a media player
software and much mor
Concept of ICT and IT

Introduction to Computers
 Desktop are now common tools in all areas of our daily lives
 Secretary type letters
 Artist draw pictures
 Engineers and Architects make design
 Scientist, Mathematician solves problems and equation
 Students, Teachers, Businessmen and even ordinary individuals do
all these and much more.

There are six components of an information system. These are follows:

 People are the most important part of the Information System
Technology. It is people or the end users like you, who will operate,
input data and use the resulting information and apply it to your
personal and business lives. Some design and create computer,
others write programs and still others invent new materials and
ways to advance computer technology.
 Procedure are the set of guidelines and rules to follow when using
hardware, software and data. The procedures mentioned are usually
written and well documented in manuals, included in most software
package and hardware today. Software and hardware
manufacturers provide written documentation for their products so
that users may be able to learn and maximize their productivity
once they have mastered the equipment and the software.
  Software or program are instructions that will tell the computer
how it should do its work. The main purpose of a program is to
process the data (raw facts) into usable information. Software also
provide greater flexibility to the use of computer, it could become a
drawing tool by opening a drawing software, and it becomes an
entertainment center by opening a media player software and much
more.
 Hardware is the physical equipment that processes data so that
useful information may come as a result. Your typical computer
hardware would include the mouse, keyboard, the monitor, printer,
CPU, speakers and other devices that may include in a computer
hardware set up. Hardware comes in different shape, size,
processing power and cost. Hardware needs software for it to run
smoothly and do its specified task.
 Data - data include text, numbers, sounds, images and video that
are still unprocessed. These are the fact and facets of record that
we input into the computer and once processed may yield useful
information. Input maybe typed into the computer using a keyboard,
pictures transferred from digital camera, video clips taken from your
video camera or other materials from other sources including those
from the internet.
 Connectivity - today, it is important for a computer to have
connectivity. Connectivity allows the computer to access and share
data and information that are available elsewhere through
an internet connection****.

An internet connection may be transmitted in many forms such as

telephone line, a wireless connection, satellite or cable. Connectivity
will enhance the capability and usefulness of your information
systems technology.

Hardware; Five types of Computers

Supercomputers

The most powerful computer available. These computers are high

capacity computers that run continuously and are being used by very big
organizations and government institution. Users of super computers
include NASA and the US government and some big schools and
companies. They are used for advanced scientific research and
simulations and massive data application.

Mainframe Computers

Are less powerful than super computers but are capable of processing
data at greater speed, multi- tasking capability and high data storage.
They are used by most banks to process information of depositors and
millions of daily bank transactions. Insurance companies use them for
their policy holder’s database. These computers have specialized wiring
system and usually occupy a big room at controlled temperature.

Server Computers
Refer to the main computers in a network serving and connected to
several other computers. It has the capability to handle multiple requests
for data and other processing tasks. Server such as running a web server
for an organization’s web site. Many web sites on the World Wide Web are
serviced by stacks of computer servers.

Desktop Computers
The most common and widely used computers today. They are designed
to be used by one or more persons. Desktop computers are the computers
that you see in homes, school, and in most businesses. They are small
enough to be placed on a desk or table but are too big to be carried
around. Depending on their use, desktop computers come in a wide range
of processing power, size and cost.

Mobile Computers
Are computers that are light and portable enough to be carried and used
anywhere. These computers are equipped with rechargeable batteries and
can operate for several hours on battery power alone. There are three
kinds of mobile computers; Laptop Computer, Tablet PC, Portable
Computer

Laptop Computer
A laptop or notebook computer is a small personal computer whose
components, display, keyboard, pointing device, CPU and rechargeable
battery are packed together in one single portable unit intended for
mobile use.

Types of Laptop Computer

 Desktop Replacement - High performance and high capacity
computers whose screen size is 17” and larger. These laptops are
also called Media Center Laptop or Gaming Laptop
 Standard laptop - The most common size notebook with screen
range of 13-15”. It covers a wide range of features in
microprocessor speeds and memory capacity. Features include an
optical disk drive, card readers, USB port, wired and wireless
network capability and a web cam.
 Subnotebook - Sized of less than 13” of screen size. Portability is
the emphasis of this computer. These notebooks retain the standard
features of a standard notebook but they have small sizes, less
weight and long battery life.
 Netbook - A tablet PC is a notebook equipped with a touch screen
which allows the user to operate the computer using a digital pen or
stylus. A fingertip may also be used in some models. A keyboard or
a mouse comes as an option. Tablet PCs are designed for those who
 prefer to use stylus or pen rather than a keyboard; however, they
come at a higher cost.

Portable Computer
 Pocket PC - A pocket PC (personal computer) is a handheld or
pocket size computer running on Microsoft Windows Pocket PC
edition with all features of a modern Windows PC. Pocket PCs may
have mobile phone features.
 PDA - (Personal Digital Assistant) is a handheld computer also
called palmtop computers. Modern PDAs have phone capabilities,
web browsers, internet capabilities, and music and video player
applications. Touch screen is a standard feature on most PDAs.
 Smart Phone - a mobile phone with additional capabilities such as
e-mail and internet, keyboard, personal organizer, built0in camera,
touch screen, ability to read PDF and Microsoft documents, music,
photo and video viewing.

Desktop Computers
 A desktop computer is a collection of different devices connected to
a center processing unit (CPU).
 This system generally has four basic components;
Central Processing Unit
Input Devices
Output Devices
Storage

Central Processing Unit

 The CPU is housed inside the CPU box together with most of the
components that make up a computer system.
 The microprocessor, memory and storage are the most important
parts of the computer system.
 The microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) that encapsulates
all the functions of a CPU.
 It is the one that controls and process input data to useful
information.
 The microprocessor is usually placed in a support electronic board
also known as the motherboard.
 The microprocessor is so delicate and important component of the
CPU that is protected, encased and shielded.
 Since the microprocessor tends to produce heat, in most case a fan
and a cooling unit called heat sink is attached to it.
 A heat sink is usually a metallic material with fins that absorb heat
from the CPU and then dissipates it to the surrounding air.
 The random access memory (RAM) is inserted or placed in a slot on
the motherboard.
 The RAM is the primary storage for data and programs that are
currently being process.
  RAM is oftentimes referred to as the temporary storage because its
contents are lost when electrical power to the computer is turned
off.
 In side the CPU is also an important storage component known as
the hard disk. Hard disk is used to store all of the data and
information in the computer. Hard disk has a big storage capacity.
 Data stored here are not lost even when the power turned off.
 The CPU may also include other storage device handlers such as
floppy disk drive and optical disk drive for CDs and DVDs.

Input Devices Allow you to enter data into the computer for processing.

Mouse - acts as the pointing device that can be used to choose programs
and files to open. Functions to activate, to determine a typing or drawing
starting point, selection and to scroll pages up or down

Keyboard - A computer input device modelled from the keys of a

typewriter. It is an arrangement of keys or button where characters are
printed. The keyboard allows one to input numbers, special characters
and other functions into the computer.

Scanner - A computer input device that capture and copies images,

objects, texts, handwriting and converts them into digital forms. Printed
pictures especially those from the pre-computer home era can now be
scanned, modified, saved and printed.

Web Camera - Web camera or webcam functions like a digital and video
camera, captures video and images. It allows you to show images into the
computer. It can be used for video- conferencing with friends, relatives or
business associates so that they will be able to see one another.
Today, digital and video cameras are also used as input devices.

Gamepad - Gamepad or control pad functions as handheld game

controller for today’s computer games. It has buttons corresponding to
some of the fingers which give one better control of the characters being
played in a computer game.

Joystick - used as control devices that pivot around so that you could
move the cursor in any direction in the monitor. It is usually used in video
games involving flight control for airplanes and other aircraft. Joystick has
also found use in controlling cranes, unmanned submarines, and trucks
and in some medical surgical operations.

Digitizing Tablet - graphic tablet is an electronic device that allows one

to draw images by hand. It has pen and pad where one can draw just like
drawing on the paper but the image goes into the CPU and unto the
monitor screen.

Microphone - A voice and sound input into the computer. Allows the user
to speak and the computer will accept and record your voice or music into
the computer. The computer can the process your voice.

Output Devices

 Convey or present the result of the data processed by the CPU.

 The monitor, printer and the speakers are the most commonly used
output devices of most computer desktop computers.

Monitor - Functions as a visual display unit for images, text, graphics or

video generated by the computer. There are two kinds of monitors; the
modern, flat panel liquid crystal display (LCD) which occupy less space
and use less power and the older and bulkier cathode ray tube (CRT)
models but are less expensive that LCD.

Printer - An output device that produces a permanent or hard printed

copy, human readable text and/or graphic of documents stored in the
computer.

There are four kinds of printer:

 Dot Matrix Printer - A printer that prints by hammering or striking
an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against a paper. It functions just like the
typewriter, and the advantage of this type of printer is that it can
easily create carbon copies because of the impact action of the
printing process and the cost per page of printing is relatively
cheap.
 Inkjet Printer - Common for the general use at home or at the
office. The price of this kind of printer significantly eased and now
allows you print high quality output both in colour and in black and
white.
 Laser Jet Printer - Produces high quality prints of text or graphics.
Faster speed than do matrix and ink jet printers. Laser technology is
based on xerographic printing process which is a combination of
photography and electrostatic printing.
  Plotter - Operates by moving a pen over a paper surface. Most
used in printing computer-aided designs of houses and buildings.
Plotters are replaced by large format ink jet printers that are not
only capable of printing CAD drawings on paper but also used for
vinyl plastic printing for billboards and posters.

Speakers - Audio output for music, video and computer alerts. Speakers
may have the simple two piece-systems or the three, four or five pieces
system with sub-woofer and surround system.

Headphone – Small speaker with a way to hold them close to the ears of
the user. Allows you to listen to music and sounds all alone. Ideal when
you do not want to disturb other people around you with the sound
generated by the computer.

Data Projector - Commonly called LCD Projector that displays computer

information on a big screen so that many will be able to see the show or
presentation. Used for classrooms instructions and business
presentations. Today, Television set also used as projectors.

Memory Devices

 Memory devices have made significant advancement recently

because of the downward trend in their prices. The advantage of
these devices are mobility and high capacity at reasonable cost.
 Once can simply bring this data and information in the portable
memory and work in another place as long as there in an available
computer with software able to read the data.

Floppy Drives – Popular before the advent of the optical drive (CD and
DVDs) and the flash drive. The size of this media is 3.5 and has a capacity
of 1.44MB and encased in a thin square plastic enclosure.

Memory Cards – Can be accessed with the USB connector. Offers the
same data handling capabilities of the memory cards, since data in this
drive are re-writable. Up to 32GB would allow data storage for 10 years or
more.

USB Flash Drive – Can be accessed with the USB connector. Offers the
same data handling capabilities of the memory cards, since data in this
drive are re-writable. Up to 32GB would allow data storage for 10 years or
more.

External Hard Disks – A hard disk housed in an enclosure usually made

of aluminum or hard plastic. Can be accessed by connecting to the USB
port and access is the same as that of the flash drive. Capacities
beginning from 80GB and up to TB level.
Optical Storage

Optical Disk
 A storage medium that used laser technology to store data onto a
circular plastic or metallic disk.
 The data in the disc are accessed by the used of an optical disc
drive (ODD)
 There are two most common optical disk available today, they are
the Compact Disc (CD) and the Digital Versatile Disc (DV)

CD-ROMs – CDs with pre-installed data such as music, videos and

programs. Data or information inside the CD could not be altered and are
only available for access or reading.

CD-R or Compact Disc Recordable – One can store or write data using
a CD writer and once written in the CD, it stays there permanently. Also
known as the “write one” CD. Used to store such as music, movies, word
processing and spreadsheet files and other data for future access.

CD-RW – Known as Re-Writable CD or erasable CD. CD where in data

store inside can be altered, erased and then save again. A versatile disc
because it can be used as temporary storage for work in progress.

Compact Disk – commonly known as the CD and is the most widely used
optical with a standard capacity of around 700MB. There are three types
of CDs, the CD-ROMs, CDRs, and the Re-writable CD.

DVDs

DVD-ROM - Used extensively to distribute movies, since a full-length

movie can be stored in one DVD. Music and video quality is a lot higher
comparable to those we view on wide screen theatres. Used to distribute
computer programs and music videos.

DVD Recordable - DVD-R has two formats, the DVD-R and DVD+R, these
are competing recording formats for DVD, although most present players
and recorder can view and write on the same format. User can only write
or record once into the DVD, and data is now permanently stored into the
DVD.

DVD Rewriteable or DVD-RW - Stored data can be altered, erased and

re- stored into the DVD. Versatile DVD specially “projects in progress” so
that future insertions and alteration may be possible.

Mini CD and Mini DVD - CDs and DVDs in a smaller format also known
as the “3 inch CDs or DVDs” function just like the standard CDs and DVDs
but of smaller capacity but have the advantage of being small.
Higher Capacity Optical Media - Blu-Ray Disc (BD) in a new generation
optical disc, with the same dimension and look as a DVD or CD but has a
high capacity. Blu-Ray still uses laser technology but of a different
wavelength than the one used for CDs and DVDs which is called blue laser
(violet colored).

Software
Software is the other name for computer program. Basically, software is
the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer what to do to process
the data into the desire format. The two kinds of software are systems
software and application software:

Systems Software - are those programs that are being used by the
computer hardware. These are the operating systems, device drivers and
utilities that manage the internal resources of the computer. Examples
are Windows XP, Windows Vista, Linux and Macintosh Operating
System.
 Device drivers are programs that allow the computer and the input
or output devices to interact and communicate with the computer
system.
 Examples of device drivers are those programs that allow the
printer to print and the speakers to create sounds.
 Today, major operating systems such as Window XP and Vista have
an internal library of device drivers that may be connected into the
computer.
 Utilities are those programs that manage and maximize computer
resources.
 An example of a Windows Utility is the disk cleanup which delete
unnecessary files.

Application Software - Programs that are used by the end-user. These

are the programs that process user’s raw data encoded or placed into the
computer.
 For connectivity or web browser application, one may use programs
such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera or Safari
to connect, surf or browse the internet.
 Application software can be categorized into two, basic application
software and specialized application software.

Basic Application Software - Application software include word

processing application (Microsoft Word), spreadsheet application
(Microsoft Excel), presentation graphics (Microsoft Power
Point), organizer (Microsoft Outlook), database management
program (Microsoft Access), desktop publishing, graphics, video,
multimedia animation.
 Word Processor - There are many advantages of writing
documents in the computer. You can easily modify and correct the
words, be able to change the size and character of the letter, fancy
or ordinary types of letters or fonts and it is easy to modify
paragraph character, margins, paper size, etc. You can also organize
your letters or documents in a systematic way. Word processors
today have the capability to handle text, graphics and images with
ease and even the capabilities of lay-outing for desktop publishing.
The most common and widely used computer word processing
program is the MS Word.

 Spreadsheet - a computer application that displays rows and

columns of cells and each cell may contain text or numeric values or
a combination of both. Spreadsheets are frequently used in financial
and accounting transactions and reports because of the cells
whenever they are updated today are very flexible and capable of
handling various tasks and simple applications such as tables, list
and even charts and forms.

The most popular spreadsheet today is the Microsoft Excel, but before
Excel notable popular spreadsheet was the Lotus 1-2-3 when the DOS
operating system was the standard operating system. Other spreadsheet
program in the market includes the Quattro Pro by Corel, Numbers by
Apple and OpenOffice Calc which is a free software, open- source program
modeled after Microsoft Excel. Calc can both open and save in Excel (XLS)
file format.

 Presentation - programs that allow you to communicate or convey your

messages more effectively, to educate, to sell or to present related
information. Presentation graphics have paved the way for better
information presentation in all aspects in business, education and other
applications.

A presentation program is a software application designed to display

information in a form of a slide show. It has the capability to edit text as
well as to insert and format them. The program also allows the insertion of
graphics, images, sound and video to complete a slide show multimedia
presentation.

Today’s presentation programs have a variety of options and templates to

start a presentation easily and an array of presentation styles to choose
from. The most common program for presentation is the Microsoft
PowerPoint, other alternatives are OpenOffice Impress and Apple’s
Keynote.
Specialized Application Programs - programs that focus on specific
environment and application. Some of the most common specialized
programs are graphic, drawing, video, multimedia and animation, desktop
publishing.

 Graphics Program - Graphics programs like Adobe Photoshop are

tools to create, modify, combine and optimize digital photos and
images on your computer. These programs excel in digital
photograph enhancement and use them to perform subtle changes
such as adjusting brightness and contrast of the image you
uploaded.
 Drawing Programs - Drawing programs include Adobe Illustrator
and CorelDraw. They are design programs used to create and edit
artwork for print, web or mobile devices and videos. These programs
allow creation of art in digital form, starting from sketches, coloring,
shading, rendering and final drawing.
 Desktop Publishing - Adobe InDesign is a design application
program that allows users to integrate texts, graphics and images to
produce professional quality documents for print, for the web and
other applications. InDesign however, is primarily used today in
desktop publication including book layout, newsletter, brochures
and magazines.
 Portable Document Format (PDF) - PDF is a fixed layout
document that represent a two-dimensional image representation of
a file independent of the program software and hardware. The
format encapsulates all the files text, fonts, images and photos that
compose the document. Adobe Acrobat is the program that creates
computer application to this kind of format.

Different parts of Computer System

 Computer/System Fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer

case used for active cooling, and may refer to fans that draw cooler air
into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside, or move air
across a heat sink to cool a particular component.

 Heat Sink heat sinks are used to cool central processing units or
graphics processor.

 Floppy disk, also called a diskette, is a disk storage medium composed

of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a
rectangular plastic carrier lined with fabric that removes dust particles.
Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive (FDD).

 Hard Disk Drive (HDD) , hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is a data
storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using
one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating disks (platters)
coated with magnetic material.
 Optical Disc Drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or
electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of
the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.

 Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. A

random-access memory device allows data items to be read and written in
approximately the same amount of time, regardless of the order in which
data items are accessed.

 Processors (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that

carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the
basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations
specified by the instructions.

 Power Supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an

electrical load.

 Motherboard (sometimes known as the main board, system board,

logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB)
found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows
communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a
system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and
provides connectors for other peripherals.

Motherboard

 CMOS Battery (Complementary Metal-Oxide

Semiconductor) maintains the time, date, hard disk and other
configuration settings in the CMOS memory. CMOS batteries are small and
are attached directly to the motherboard. Standard lifetime of a CMOS
battery is around 10 years.

 Southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a

personal computer (PC) motherboard. It handles all of a computer's I/O
functions, such as USB, audio, serial, the system BIOS, the ISA bus, the
interrupt controller and the IDE channels.

 Northbridge typically handles communications among the CPU, in

some cases RAM, and PCI Express (or AGP) video cards, and the
southbridge. Some northbridges also contain integrated video controllers,
also known as a Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) in Intel
systems.

 IDE Connectors originally AT Attachment, is an interface standard

for the connection of storage devices such as hard disk drives, floppy disk
drives, and optical disc drives in computers.
 Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point
channel for attaching a video card to a computer system, primarily to
assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics.

 CPU socket or CPU slot is a mechanical component(s) that provides

mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a
printed circuit board (PCB). This allows the CPU to be placed and replaced
without soldering.

 ATX Power Connector specification defines the key mechanical

dimensions, mounting point, I/O panel, power and connector interfaces
between a computer case, a motherboard and a power supply.

 PCI Slots (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is an

interconnection system between a microprocessor and attached devices
in which expansion slots are spaced closely for high speed operation.

 Network Card referred to as an Ethernet card and network adapter. It is

an expansion card that enables a computer to connect to a network; such
as a home network, or the Internet using an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45
connector.

 Sound Card is an expansion card or IC for producing sound on a

computer that can be heard through speaker or headphone.

 Video Card is an IC or internal board that creates a picture on a display.

 Network Cable are used to connect one network devices or to connect

two or more computers to share printer and scanner.
 Chapter 2

Computers in our daily life

Uses of Computer in Our Daily Life

The use of computers on a regular basis in our life is very important.

Technically in daily life computer is used to convert raw facts and data
into meaningful information and knowledge. Computer science is explored
and challenged by humans daily. The computer is like an electronic
magical device for our life. According to Google Keyword Planner 100 – 1K
people searching monthly on Google about ”best laptop for business and
personal use” and 100-1K for the best desktop computer for small
businesses in the last 1 year.

This is one of the proofs that the use of the computer in our life and
business is really effective. That’s why more and more people are buying
and using a computer. If the uses of the computer are for good purposes
then it is a boon for humans. From the government to the private sector
everyone is using the computer. Users of the computer are constantly
growing.

Importance of computer in our daily life You can understand and

analyze the importance of computers by seeing a revolution in offline and
online business, online education, online business, online communication,
and internet banking. To store, access, manipulate, calculate, analyze
data, and information we use hardware devices and software applications.
All our daily life activities are based on such online services and products.
The computer changed our life 2 decades ago and now it is a necessity to
use a computer in daily life to live. Let’s understand the uses of
computer in the following points:

Top 10 uses of Computers in our Daily Lives

1. Uses of the Computer in the Education Field

Schools and colleges around the world are using computer and
internet technologies to teach students digitally and creatively with
data visualization. Uses of the computer in a classroom will explore
creativity and imagination in students’ minds. Drawing tools,
spreadsheets, Audio, Video lectures, and PowerPoint presentations,
etc. are very beneficial for students to learn more deeply and
accurately. That created the new education business model called
small classes, smart classrooms, and digital classrooms.
 As you know education is most important in our life. Computer
reinvented the education system. Schools, colleges, and almost all
kinds of educational institutions are using a computer in the
classrooms. There are so many college and universities are now
providing online degree programs, online courses for college
students are the most important educational tools for teachers and
learners. YouTube, Blogs, eBooks, Newsletters, eNewspaper, etc.
such educational tools are not possible without a computer that
we’re using today. So, to become educated, skillful we can use
computers and this is one of the most beneficial uses of the
computer in our daily life.

2. Use of Computer in the Business

Computer with the internet connection we can start the business, run
the business, and manage the business and we can grow the business
by the use of a computer. Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, Amazon, and
Alibaba all are websites created by the use of computers and the
internet. We can’t imagine the daily business operations around the
world without the use of computer technologies. In the early days when
the first mechanical computer invented by Charles Babbage, it was
used only to control the business system and speed up the business
process accurately. But today everything is controlled and managed by
computers. Businesses and companies use a computer to do marketing
and business planning, they use a computer to record customer data,
and they use a computer to manage goods and services.

Computer with an internet connection is really important for

businesses. Now they can do Internet marketing, they can sell products
and services online. They can manage; hire employees around the
world through the use of computers and the internet. Almost all kinds
of businesses are using computers in their daily official works. Such
Microsoft Office to create professional-looking documents, excel
spreadsheets to manage goods and services, Powerpoint for project
presentations are common these days. The use of computers in the
business helping companies to grow their customer base faster.
Computer use business is also challenging for companies and small
business owners. Because customers have so many options to choose
the best product or services through the use of the internet.

Any individual today can start their business from home. Freelancing is
a big example. Freelancers are working remotely from home with the
use of computers and the internet. To start earning money by the use
of a computer is not so much tough. You just need to learn or to
become a master in a few applications or programming languages. If
someone knows about internet research, data entry, MS Word, etc.
they can start data typing and editing work from home. Such as
resume writing services, eBook writing services.
I found the following online course interesting for you. It’s because
today lots of people have technical skills but the problem is most of
them only see Job options, instead, the bigger option is
entrepreneurship and business. That’s why I think younger people
especially technical skilled youth or professional must try
entrepreneurship. At this young age, you have more powers and you
can utilize that at a bigger level. If someone knows about Adobe
Photoshop, Corel Draw they can start graphic designing, logo designing
business from home. This is so much simpler today to build a career in
the IT field by the use of a computer and by taking available
knowledge.

3. Uses of the Computer in Hospitals

Uses of the computer in the hospital provide many benefits for doctors
and patients. Hospitals can create a database of a patient with their
treatment records, medical records. Doctors are using a computer to
diagnose the diseases of patients faster. They are taking the help of
various medical applications of computer and hardware devices. The
use of computer and its application in hospitals are such as to do the
research on diseases, blood test, and urine test, brain testing, and
body scanning, etc.

4. Uses of the Computer in the Banking Sector

Banks are using computers daily to faster and accurate customer
demands. Banks are using a computer to deposit customer money in
their account. In this case, the cashier enters the account number of
customers in their banking application, they first confirm the account
number and customer details and then enter the deposited amount in
their banking application by the use of the keyboard.

This process is faster and accurate. Banks are also providing ATMs to
withdraw and cash deposit ATMs for their customers. Whenever we
deposit, withdraw money we get messages on our mobile number. We
can see and print our transaction records without visiting banks. The
whole process of banking is done by a computer. The innovative uses
of computer in banking are that customer can operate their bank
account by doing internet banking. Banks are providing the customer
with accessing, transferring money, monthly bills, or shopping bills by
the use of computers and mobile.

Also, by the use computer customer can get knowledge about various
bank loan schemes such as a business loan, home loan, and car loan.
The customer can also check on the bank websites about loan
eligibility and if they are eligible they can apply for the bank loan. Such
uses of banking in our daily life are stored, calculated, and managed by
computers with speed and accuracy. The use of the computer in
banking not only saving our productive time but also reducing the
infrastructure cost of banks.
Uses of the Computer in Government Offices The government works or
official works take more time to complete in the past. There was lots of
staff required in the past to manage citizen’s works. But today citizens,
consumers are getting a solution with high speed and accuracy. Because
of the use of computers in official works. There are so many applications
that speed the process and quality of official works. Such as Microsoft
Office package, email, video conferencing tools are few applications that
speed the work of government offices with accuracy.

6. Uses of the Computer in the Home The computer uses at home

depends on the user. There are so many people using the computer at
home. Some people are using a computer to take online classes. Some
people using the computer to do online business. Some people are using
the computer to listen to songs and to watch movies etc. Else the use of
the computer in the home provides great advantages. Such you can
access banking and business services from home. You can communicate
with people around the world through the use of the computer. You can
use a computer at home for learning new skills and hobbies. You can use
a computer to calculate and manage monthly expenses by using MS
excel. You can create gift cards, birthday messages by using Microsoft
word. You can edit, restore, and manipulate family photographs by the
use of Adobe Photoshop. Else you can use the computer with the internet
to do online shopping and you can start an online business too.

The use of a computer

at home daily life is
saving our time. The
computer also saves
money in our daily home
life. Such as if you have
a computer at home,
you don’t need to buy a
DVD player to watch
movies and to listen to
songs. You don’t need to
go cyber café to collect
and print notes. All kinds
of small works that we
do each day cost us
money. But using
computer
application at home
save our money, time
and also provide
entertainment and
various ways to
pass time.
7. Uses of the Computer
in Marketing
The use of a
computer with the
internet is creating
new ways to do the
product and
services marketing
online. Digital
marketing services,
products, websites,
and businesses are
growing. Businesses can
use a computer to type
marketing content, to
publish content
marketing
articles on websites and
social media. They can
sell and market their
products on portals or
such
as Amazon. Businesses
can use PPC to get a
quick ROI for their
marketing budget.
Companies can chat,
email, outsource, apply
and can do various
works that included in
Internet Marketing
such as website
designing, Search
engine optimization,
PPC, Content
Marketing, Social Media
Marketing, etc. all by the
use of a computer to
market their product
and
services in best possible
ways.
8. A computer used by
various people around
the world for different
reasons and purposes
The use of a computer at home daily life is saving our time. The computer
also saves money in our daily home life. Such as if you have a computer
at home, you don’t need to buy a DVD player to watch movies and to
listen to songs. You don’t need to go cyber café to collect and print notes.
All kinds of small works that we do each day cost us money. But using
computer application at home save our money, time and also provide
entertainment and various ways to pass time.

7. Uses of the Computer in Marketing The use of a computer with the

internet is creating new ways to do the product and services
marketing online. Digital marketing services, products, websites, and
businesses are growing. Businesses can use a computer to type
marketing content, to publish content marketing articles on websites and
social media. They can sell and market their products on portals or such
as Amazon. Businesses can use PPC to get a quick ROI for their marketing
budget. Companies can chat, email, outsource, apply and can do various
works that included in Internet Marketing such as website designing,
Search engine optimization, PPC, Content Marketing, Social Media
Marketing, etc. all by the use of a computer to market their product and
services in best possible ways.

8. A computer used by various people around the world for different

reasons and purposes

Kids: – Kids use the computer in their daily life to play games, to use
drawing tools, and to watch funny (cartoon) videos.  High school
students: – Schools students can use a computer to learn Hindi
English Typing. Students can learn and use digital communication tools.
They can learn about online safety and etiquette. They can use drawing
tools to explore creativity and inside artists in them such as by using paint
programs in the Windows computer. They can also learn to do photo
editing and graphic designing. The uses of a computer for school
students should be to explore creativity and imagination. Online research
can help school students to collect and understand the data and
information about a particular book and chapters. Students can use MS-
Office to create assignments, to do the mathematical calculation,
presentation, etc. I am sure that many Indian schools students are doing
these activities in schools and on home computers.  College students: –
The use of a computer with the internet for college students is really
important. Information Technology education helps them in their study no
matter what kind of degree they are doing. They not only need to learn
about Information Technology but they need to use technology for their
career. College students use Microsoft Word to create an assignment,
notes, letters, and books. They use excel spreadsheet to
mathematical calculation, data visualization by using Charts, they solve
and learn various logical formulas. Many students are learning online
etiquette skills and safety. They are using the computer and the internet
to create websites. But the biggest use of a computer for college students
is that they can join online degree programs. Many students are taking
online classes from their homes. Students are connecting with teachers by
using video conferencing applications and devices. Students with the use
of a computer are getting faster information and knowledge from
multiple sources. Such uses of computers in student’s daily life are
really important.  Job seekers: – Job seekers use the computer to learn
computer skills that help them to get a job. They learn to use Ms-Office,
English and Hindi Typing, Internet research, File management, printing,
MS-Office, use of the business application, and social media skills in their
daily life. Job seekers who are IT literate or have productive computer
skills get a job quicker than people with only job-specific skills.  Business
owners: – Business owners use computer-based on-demand and
urgency. Commonly they use a computer daily to watch YouTube videos,
upload family and travel photos on social media, etc. They also use the
computer for business planning and team management. They use a
computer for financial management. Also, the use of a computer is
depending on the nature of the business. But commonly project
management, financial planning, social networking, emails, letter writing,
presentation, and Internet research are few uses of computers in the daily
life of business owners.  Computer Professional & IT people: – The real
truth is that there are no other uses of anything other than the computer
in the daily life of IT people. There are more than 12 hours of average IT
people spend their time on a computer according to me. In which they
learn on the computer, they work on the computer, they communicate on
a computer, they hire people on the computer, they order pizza on the
computer, they transfer and receive money on the computer, they watch
movies on the computer, and they are still trying to do everything on the
computer. But the benefits and results you’re seeing today on the
computer and internet world are done by IT professionals around the
world. Without IT people in this world, nothing is possible that you’re
seeing on the Internet and computer today.

9. Uses of Computer in New Habits—Impact of computer in our life Our

life is fully impacted by computers. Today the use of the computer with
internet connection in daily life changed our habits. We’re creating new
kinds of habits. Such as listening to music on the computer, earning
money online, doing internet banking, communicating online with friends
and family, running an online business, taking online classes, etc. are new
kinds of habits. It’s a good living practice by a human because many
people are in favor of Technology without data analysis. The computer
can impact our life negatively too if above-paragraphed habits turn into
bad habits. More use of a computer for daily life activities means less
physical works and more mental work. In this case, the accessibility of
the brain is increased by so many features of computers and the
Internet. But the physical capacity is decreasing or not growing because
of too much sitting all day in front of the computer. It’s really
important for us to make a balance between brain access and body
capacity. Such a balanced use of the computer in daily life will be great.
10. Uses of the computer to change a life: Computer changed our lives in
this way A digital computer, analog computer, and now the use of hybrid
computers are growing in our daily life. The problem is that the computer
is doing our work faster and accurately and save our time. But then why
people do not have any time today for their family. You can say the
computer is changed our lives yes, the computer changed our lives
because today we want to use air purifiers inside the home rather than
planting new trees outside. Funny! Very Funny! So we can’t just sit and
not keep watching the things that we don’t like. Instead, we can change.
We have the ability to change. And we will make the change by educating
other people about various things. And education is the method that
aligns any developing individuals, professional, business, and country
into the growth and right direction. I know you have learned lots of things
in this complete article. Now it’s your time to use your knowledge and skill
at a greater and bigger level. So, you need to understand and analyze
what you want to do today and what is important for to you accomplish
today by using a computer. Once you will find out it then start using the
computer each day and it will make life easier, faster, and more
importantly satisfy at the end of the day.

EXERCISES AND DRILLS PART I.

Instruction: The objective of this exercise is to review your learnings from

high school up to present related to ICT.

Circle the letter of the correct answer. Erasure will be marked wrong.

1. What are these buttons called?

a. Window buttons b. Screen buttons

c. Size buttons d. Benjamin Buttons

2. What is the name of this Windows element?

a. Work bar b. Taskbar

c. Program bar d. Spacebar

4. What is Windows 10?

a. The computer’s operating system
b. A program for displaying images on the screen

5. What is the name of this Windows screen?

a. Desk screen b. Desk window
c. Desktop d. Task Window

5. What is the name of this row of buttons in Word 2007?

a. Taskbar b. Home page

c. Ribbon d. Task Window

6. In which window can you display the available hard drive space most
quickly?

a. System Properties b. My Computer c. Network d. My Documents

7. What are documents, drawings, and programs stored on the hard drive
called?
a. Folders b. Files c. Folder properties d. DVD

8. What might be going on if you see the following message in the

Internet Explorer window?

a. The web page is too large for your screen b. The computer settings
have been adjusted so that this website is not accessible c. The Internet
connection isn’t working d. Your monitor is not on

9. Are spaces allowed in web addresses?

a. Yes, but only between two letters

b. Yes c. No

10. What is jumping from one website to another called?

a. Surfing b. Hyperlinking c. Leaping

11. Is www.visualsteps@com a proper web address? a. Yes, this address is

correct. As a result of the @ symbol, the first web page is immediately
opened b. No, because the dot should be replaced by an @ symbol c. No,
because the @ should be replaced by a dot

12. What does downloading from the Internet mean?

a. Retrieving files from the Internet
b. Lowering your game level on the Internet
c. Viewing web pages on the Internet

13. What does a green wavy line under a word or phrase in the document
mean in Microsoft Word?
a. The word or phrase has been copied to the clipboard
b. The word or phrase might contain a grammatical error.
c. The word or phrase might be misspelled.

14. What is a search engine?

a. A website where you can click on hundreds of categorized web
addresses
b. A website where you can type in key words and search for them in
millions of web pages
c. A program that monitors your surfing behavior on the Internet

15. Which device connects your computer to the Internet?

a. CD rom b. Hard drive
c. Modem d. Telephone table

16. What ribbon do you use to change margins?

a. Page Layout b. View c. Home d. Insert

17. Which program below provides user access to delete files?

a. Internet Explorer b. Windows Manager c. Windows Explorer

18. In Microsoft Word 2007, a squiggly red line under a word means a. The
dictionary is full b. The word is misspelled c. Check your grammer d. Word
does not have a synonym match

19. A folder may contain only one or more files. a. True b. False

20. What is the 1 shortcut key in Microsoft Word that will start the
spellcheck feature automatically? a. F5 b. F4 c. F7 d. F2

21. DOS is an acronym for Device Operating System. a. True b. False

22. On what tool bar do you need to be on to select the ruler? a. View b.
Home c. Page Layout d. Developer
23. The ribbon consists of a series of ___________ which contains groups of
tools related to specific tasks. a. Files b. Tabs c. Dialog Boxes d. Task
Panes

24. Copy and Paste is a common function allowing copying of data to and
from the windows clipboard. a. True b. False

25. This new browser is designed to give Windows users a better

experience on the Web. a. Mozilla Firefox b. Thunderbird c. Internet
Explorer d. Microsoft Edge

26. The prefix kilo, as in kilobyte, stands for what number? a. 10,000 b.
100 c. 1,000,000 d. 1,000

27. A ___________ is a document that provides a preformatted layout for

text and graphics, as well as some content. a. Wizard b. Template c.
Letter d. Thumbnail

28. Pressing the Control key simultaneously with the letter C key copies
the highlighted intem(s) allowing for a subsequent paste operation. a.
True b. False
29. The first time you save a document in word you must name the file. a.
True b. False

30. In Word, you can only undo the last change made to the document. a.
True b. False

ANSWERS:
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. C
14. C
15. C
16. A
17. B
18. C
19. A
20. C
21. B
22. A
23. B
24. A
25. D
26. D
27. B
28. A
29. A
30. B

Also by the use

computer customer can
get knowledge about
various bank loan
schemes
such as a business
loan, home loan, and
car loan. The customer
can also check on the
bank
websites about loan
eligibility and if they are
eligible they can apply
for the bank loan. Such
uses
of banking in our daily
life are stored,
calculated, and
managed by computers
with speed and
accuracy. The use of
the computer in
banking not only
saving our productive
time but also
reducing the
infrastructure cost of
banks.
Also by the use
computer customer can
get knowledge about
various bank loan
schemes
such as a business
loan, home loan, and
car loan. The customer
can also check on the
bank
websites about loan
eligibility and if they are
eligible they can apply
for the bank loan. Such
uses
of banking in our daily
life are stored,
calculated, and
managed by computers
with speed and
accuracy. The use of
the computer in
banking not only
saving our productive
time but also
reducing the
infrastructure cost of
banks.
Also by the use
computer customer can
get knowledge about
various bank loan
schemes
such as a business
loan, home loan, and
car loan. The customer
can also check on the
bank
websites about loan
eligibility and if they are
eligible they can apply
for the bank loan. Such
uses
of banking in our daily
life are stored,
calculated, and
managed by computers
with speed and
accuracy. The use of
the computer in
banking not only
saving our productive
time but also
reducing the
infrastructure cost of
banks.
Also by the use
computer customer can
get knowledge about
various bank loan
schemes
such as a business
loan, home loan, and
car loan. The customer
can also check on the
bank
websites about loan
eligibility and if they are
eligible they can apply
for the bank loan. Such
uses
of banking in our daily
life are stored,
calculated, and
managed by computers
with speed and
accuracy. The use of
the computer in
banking not only
saving our productive
time but also
reducing the
infrastructure cost of
banks.