Elastic Deformation
elasticity :
ability to
expand while being stretched >
-
common property of
springs
e m me
elasticity of spring
load
example ofhanging
t
extension > called hooke's law
-
relation bu force and extension
Ieload
W
&
Hooke's Law
extension to force
of the material is directly propotional applied .
uptil the limit of propotionality Cgraphical method
-
>
K De extension
F >
-
=
C
constant
force brings
applied
or
Force -
extension graph as
artic
& not obeyed
law is
horke's deformed deformation
F/ ↑ object is a clartic
jar
reg
las
zu
↓
(limit of propotionality
elastic limit
-gradient =
1-
string constant
x/m
#
=
De
k
Y m i n i
I = =
S
to 14 5 cm 4 5cm 045m
gradient : 1 ocm > 0
.
-
.
= .
AF
De = 0 .
045m
DF = 0 .
36N
Stress us Strain
Stress
applied force per unit cross sectional area
24
tensile compressive
↑ ↓
compresville
Y
tensile
3 3
b ↑
5 =
E
units = Pa
Strain how much
object is extending perm.
-
extension per unit length
in extension
-
change
E
De
=
f
total length
Young's modulus (E)
ratio of the stress to the strain
=
E =
Stress = strain
Ax/De- in extension
change
Ent
>
total legen
=
I
z units (Pa)
graph oftress vs train
a
stress modulus (gradient
= young
>
-
strain
note :
always take care
of the units
example question F
a nichrome wire his a fixed amount of load of a
applied to it . Wire has a cos sectional area of comma
A
and
obey's hooke's law
.
Length of wine is increased by · Calculate young module .
Bi
E
Dr
=
= =
Imm2 = 10 - m
stress F x10"
=
2 =
2 . 3 Pa
= 0 -
04x10-6
strain :
1 ·
0 %
5
.
=
=
E =
ess
strain
=
4 6x10"
E and
.
=
Pa
Stress and strain graphs
indication of the properties of materials like
graphs gives us an
i) how much
they obey hooke's law
(b) elastic or plastic
() value of their young's modulus
(d) breaking stress
unique tress-strain
curve .
note : each material has a
limit
elastic breakinpoint
A -
B
↑
-
- hooke's law region
-
ress E
iimit of
S
a B -
C
propotionality
-
elastic limit
Elastic
C -
D
&
point
A strain yeild
gradient of graph-young modulus D-E
What is breaking stress ? breaking point
stree at the where the material breaks
point .
