AoPS Community 2019 Belarusian National Olympiad

Belarusian National Olympiad 2019

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c939475
by Vlados021

– Category C

9.1 Is it true that for any nonzero rational numbers a and b one can find integers m and n such that
the number (am + b)2 + (a + nb)2 is an integer?
(M. Karpuk)

9.2 The rhombus ABCD is given. Let E be one of the points of intersection of the circles ΓB and
ΓC , where ΓB is the circle centered at B and passing through C, and ΓC is the circle centered
at C and passing through B. The line ED intersects ΓB at point F .
Find the value of angle ∠AF B.
(S. Mazanik)

9.3 Positive real numbers a and b satisfy the following conditions: the function f (x) = x3 + ax2 +
2bx − 1 has three different real roots, while the function g(x) = 2x2 + 2bx + a doesn’t have real
roots.
Prove that a − b > 1.
(V. Karamzin)

9.4 The sum of several (not necessarily different) positive integers not exceeding 10 is equal to S.
Find all possible values of S such that these numbers can always be partitioned into two
groups with the sum of the numbers in each group not exceeding 70.
(I. Voronovich)

9.5 For a positive integer n write down all its positive divisors in increasing order: 1 = d1 < d2 <
. . . < dk = n.
Find all positive integers n divisible by 2019 such that n = d19 · d20 .
(I. Gorodnin)

9.6 The point M is the midpoint of the side BC of triangle ABC. A circle is passing through B, is
tangent to the line AM at M , and intersects the segment AB secondary at the point P .
Prove that the circle, passing through A, P , and the midpoint of the segment AM , is tangent
to the line AC.
(A. Voidelevich)

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9.7 Find all non-constant polynomials P (x) and Q(x) with real coefficients such that P (Q(x)2 ) =
P (x) · Q(x)2 .
(I. Voronovich)

9.8 Andrey and Sasha play the game, making moves alternate. On his turn, Andrey marks on the
plane an arbitrary point that has not yet been marked. After that, Sasha colors this point in
one of two colors: white and black. Sasha wins if after his move it is impossible to draw a line
such that all white points lie in one half-plane, while all black points lie in another half-plane
with respect to this line.
a) Prove that Andrey can make moves in such a way that Sasha will never win.
b) Suppose that Andrey can mark only integer points on the Cartesian plane. Can Sasha guar-
antee himself a win regardless of Andrey’s moves?
(N. Naradzetski)

– Category B

10.1 The two lines with slopes 2 and 1/2 pass through an arbitrary point T on the axis Oy and
intersect the hyperbola y = 1/x at two points.
a) Prove that these four points lie on a circle.
b) The point T runs through the entire y-axis. Find the locus of centers of such circles.
(I. Gorodnin)

10.2 A point P is chosen in the interior of the side BC of triangle ABC. The points D and C are
symmetric to P with respect to the vertices B and C, respectively. The circumcircles of the
triangles ABE and ACD intersect at the points A and X. The ray AB intersects the segment
XD at the point C1 and the ray AC intersects the segment XE at the point B1 .
Prove that the lines BC and B1 C1 are parallel.
(A. Voidelevich)

10.3 The polynomial of seven variables

Q(x1 , x2 , . . . , x7 ) = (x1 + x2 + . . . + x7 )2 + 2(x21 + x22 + . . . + x27 )

is represented as the sum of seven squares of the polynomials with nonnegative integer co-
efficients:

Q(x1 , . . . , x7 ) = P1 (x1 , . . . , x7 )2 + P2 (x1 , . . . , x7 )2 + . . . + P7 (x1 , . . . , x7 )2 .

Find all possible values of P1 (1, 1, . . . , 1).

(A. Yuran)

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10.4 The sum of several (not necessarily different) real numbers from [0, 1] doesn’t exceed S.
Find the maximum value of S such that it is always possible to partition these numbers into
two groups with sums not greater than 9.
(I. Gorodnin)

10.5 Find all non-constant polynomials P (x) and Q(x) with real coefficients satisfying the equality
P (Q(x)) = P (x)Q(x) − P (x).
(I. Voronovich)

10.6 The tangents to the circumcircle of the acute triangle ABC, passing through B and C, meet at
point F . The points M , L, and N are the feet of perpendiculars from the vertex A to the lines
F B, F C, and BC, respectively.
Prove the inequality AM + AL ≥ 2AN .
(V. Karamzin)

10.7 The numbers S1 = 22 , S2 = 24 , . . . , Sn = 22n are given. A rectangle OABC is constructed on

the Cartesian plane according to these numbers. For this, starting from the point O the points
A1 , A2 , . . . , An are consistently marked along the axis Ox, and the points C1 , C2 , . . . , Cn are
consistently marked along the axis Oy in such a way that for all k from 1 to n the lengths of
the segments Ak−1 Ak = xk and Ck−1 Ck = yk are positive integers (let A0 = C0 = O, An = A,
and Cn = C) and xk · yk = Sk .
a) Find the maximal possible value of the area of the rctangle OABC and all pairs of sets
(x1 , x2 , . . . , xk ) and (y1 , y2 , . . . , yk ) at which this maximal area is achieved.
b) Find the minimal possible value of the area of the rctangle OABC and all pairs of sets
(x1 , x2 , . . . , xk ) and (y1 , y2 , . . . , yk ) at which this minimal area is achieved.
(E. Manzhulina, B. Rublyov)

10.8 Call a polygon on a Cartesian plane to beinteger if all its vertices are integer. A convex integer
14-gon is cut into integer parallelograms with areas not greater than C.
Find the minimal possible C.
(A. Yuran)

– Category A

11.1 a) Find all real numbers a such that the parabola y = x2 −a and the hyperbola y = 1/x intersect
each other in three different points.
b) Find the locus of centers of circumcircles of such triples of intersection points when a takes
all possible values.
(I. Gorodnin)

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11.2 The polynomial

Q(x1 , x2 , . . . , x4 ) = 4(x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 ) − (x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 )2
is represented as the sum of squares of four polynomials of four variables with integer coeffi-
cients.
a) Find at least one such representation
b) Prove that for any such representation at least one of the four polynomials isidentically
zero.
(A. Yuran)

11.3 The sum of several (not necessarily different) real numbers from [0, 1] doesn’t exceed S.
Find the maximum value of S such that it is always possible to partition these numbers into
two groups with sums A ≤ 8 and B ≤ 4.
(I. Gorodnin)

11.4 The altitudes CC1 and BB1 are drawn in the acute triangle ABC. The bisectors of angles
∠BB1 C and ∠CC1 B intersect the line BC at points D and E, respectively, and meet each
other at point X.
Prove that the intersection points of circumcircles of the triangles BEX and CDX lie on the
line AX.
(A. Voidelevich)

11.5 n ≥ 2 positive integers are written on the blackboard. A move consists of three steps: 1)
choose an arbitrary number a on the blackboard, 2) calculate the least common multiple N of
all numbers written on the blackboard, and 3) replace a by N/a.
Prove that using such moves it is always possible to make all the numbers on the blackboard
equal to 1.
(A. Naradzetski)

11.6 The diagonals of the inscribed quadrilateral ABCD intersect at the point O. The points P , Q, R,
and S are the feet of the perpendiculars from O to the sides AB, BC, CD, and DA, respectively.
Prove the inequality BD ≥ SP + QR.
(A. Naradzetski)

11.7 Find all functions f : R → R satisfying the equality

f (f (x) + f (y)) = (x + y)f (x + y)
for all real x and y.
(B. Serankou)

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11.8 At each node of the checkboard n × n board, a beetle sat. At midnight, each beetle crawled
into the center of a cell. It turned out that the distance between any two beetles sitting in the
adjacent (along the side) nodes didn’t increase.
Prove that at least one beetle crawled into the center of a cell at the vertex of which it sat
initially.
(A. Voidelevich)

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