Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    Water 2

    Uploaded by

    rushalpha54

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Water 2

    Uploaded by

    rushalpha54
    4 views3 pages

    Original Title

    Water2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views3 pages

    Water 2

    Uploaded by

    rushalpha54

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Subject: APPLIED CHEMISTRY

    Year: 1st , Semester: 1st


    Unit 2: Water
    Topic (Module 2.2) : Cause of Poor Lathering of Soap in Hard Water, Problems Caused by
    the Use of Hard Water in Boiler (Scale and Sludge, Foaming and Priming,
    Corrosion etc.)

    Prepared By: Dr. Arpita Jana


    Lecturer in Chemistry
    West Bengal Survey Institute, Bandel

    Module 2.2

    Cause of Poor Lathering of Soap in Hard Water:


    Soap is a mixture of sodium salt of higher fatty acids like stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic
    acid, etc. Hard water does not produce lather with soap solution readily because the cations (Ca+2,
    Mg+2) present in hard water react with soap to form precipitate of calcium and magnesium salts
    of different fatty acids. No lather is produced until all Ca+2, Mg+2 have not precipitated. This leads
    to wastage of lots of soap.

    M+2 + Sodium-stearate (Stearate)2M + 2Na+


    (M = Ca+2, Mg+2)

    Problems Caused by the Use of Hard Water in Boiler (Scale and Sludge, Foaming and
    Priming, Corrosion etc.):
    The water used for generation of steam in boilers must be soft and must not contain too
    much dissolved or suspended matter. Hard water is not suitable for boiler due to following
    problems.
    1. Sludge and scale formation-When hard water is used in boiler, due to evaporation of water
    concentration of dissolved salts increases gradually and beyond the saturation point the dissolved
    salts start precipitating out in the form of sludge and scale.
    Sludge is a soft, loose and slimy precipitate formed with in the boiler at comparatively
    colder part. It is formed by the substance having higher solubility in hot water than cold eg.
    MgCO3, MgCl2, MgSO4, CaCl2. Sludge can be easily removed.
    Scale is the hard heat insulating coating firmly sticking on the inner walls of the boiler. It
    is mainly deposition of CaCO3, CaSO4, and different Ca/Mg – silicates. It is very difficult to
    remove.
    Sludge and Scale formation decreases efficiency of boiler. They cause greater
    consumption of fuel and lifetime of boiler is shortened due to overheating. Also boiler may bust
    due to unequal expansion of the boiler body material and scale.
    2. Foaming – It is the formation of stable bubbles at the water surface in boiler. It is caused by
    the presence of oil and alkali in water.
    3. Priming – During rapid steam generation some droplets are carried along with steam. This
    process of wet steam formation known as priming. It takes place due to presence of considerable
    amount of dissolved solids in boiler water.
    4. Corrosion – It is the decay of boiler body material due to chemical effect of water. eg. MgCl2
    present in water hydroliysed and generate HCl. This attacks metal body of boiler and cause
    corrosion. It also causes priming.
    It shortens lifetime of the boiler and increases maintenance cost.
    5. Caustic embrittlement – In this process boiler material becomes brittle due to accumulation
    of caustic substance.
    It shortens lifetime of the boiler.

    Some Questions:

    1. Why is lather not formed from soap in hard water?


    2. State disadvantage of using hard water in boiler.
    3. What is difference between scale and sludge?
    4. Define scale, sludge, priming in boiler.
    5. Choose the correct one from given alternatives.
    (i) Hard water does not produce lather with soap solution readily due to the presence of
    (a) Ca+2 (b) Na+ (c) K+ (d) None.
    (ii) Water used in boiler for steam generation is (a) soft water (b) hard water (c) heavy
    water (d) distilled water.
    (iii) Scale formation in boiler is due to the deposition of (a) CaCO3 (b) NaHCO3 (c)
    MgCl2 (d) None.
    8. State whether the following statements are True or False.
    (i) Sludge can be easily removed.
    (ii) Hard water does not cause wastage of soap.

    References:
    1. Text book of Dr. Kaberi Bhattacharya
    2. Wikipedia

    You might also like