SCHEME OF STUDIES

FOR HSSC (CLASSES XI–XII)

COMPULSORY FOR ALL (500 marks)

1. English (Compulsory)/ English (Advance) 2 papers 200 marks

2. Urdu (Compulsory)/ Urdu Salees In lieu of Urdu 2 papers 200 marks

(Compulsory)/ Pakistan Culture for Foreign
Students Part – I and Pakistan Culture Paper-II

3. Islamic Education/Civics (for Non-Muslims) 1 paper 50 marks

4. Pakistan Studies 1 paper 50 marks

SCIENCE GROUP (600 marks)

The students will choose one of the following (A), (B) and (C) Groups carrying 600 marks:

(A) Pre-Medical Group:

Physics, Chemistry, Biology

(B) Pre-Engineering Group:

Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics

(C) Science General Group:

1. Physics, Mathematics, Statistics
2. Mathematics, Economics, Statistics
3. Economics, Mathematics, Computer Science
4. Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science
5. Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science

HUMANITIES GROUP (600 marks)

Select three subjects of 200 marks each from the following:
S. No. Subject S. No. Subject
1. Arabic/Persian/French/English (Elective)/Urdu 10. Sindhi (Elective)
(Elective) 11. Civics
2. Economics 12. Education
3. Fine Arts 13. Geography
4. Philosophy 14. Sociology
5. Psychology 15. Mathematics
6. Statistics 16. Computer Science
7. History of Modern World/Islamic History/ 17. Islamic Culture
History of Muslim India/ History of Pakistan 18. Library Science
8. Islamic Studies 19. Outlines of Home
9. Health and Physical Education Economics

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COMMERCE GROUP (600 marks)

HSSC – I
1. Principles of Accounting paper – I 100 marks
2. Principles of Economics paper – I 75 marks
3. Principles of Commerce paper – I 75 marks
4. Business Mathematics paper – I 50 marks

HSSC – II
1. Principles of Accounting paper – II 100 marks
2. Commercial Geography paper – II 75 marks
3. Computer Studies/Typing/Banking paper – II 75 marks
4. Statistics paper – II 50 marks

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY GROUP (600 marks each)

1. Medical Lab Technology Group
2. Dental Hygiene Technology Group
3. Operation Theater Technology Group
4 Medical Imaging Technology Group
5. Physiotherapy Technology Group
6. Ophthalmic Technology Group

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 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION POLICY
(1998 – 2010)

AIMS

Education is a powerful catalyzing agent which provides mental, physical, ideological

and moral training to individuals, so as to enable them to have full consciousness of their
mission, of their purpose in life and equip them to achieve that purpose. It is an instrument for
the spiritual development as well as the material fulfillment of human beings. Within the context
of Islamic perception, education is an instrument for developing the attitudes of individuals in
accordance with the values of righteousness to help build a sound Islamic society.

After independence in 1947 efforts were made to provide a definite direction to education
in Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah laid down a set of aims that provided
guidance to all educational endeavours in the country. This policy, too has sought inspiration and
guidance from those directions and the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The policy
cannot put it in a better way than the Quaid’s words:

“You know that the importance of Education and the right type of education, cannot be
overemphasized. Under foreign rule for over a century, sufficient attention has not been
paid to the education of our people and if we are to make real, speedy and substantial
progress, we must earnestly tackle this question and bring our people in consonance with
our history and culture, having regard for the modern conditions and vast developments
that have taken place all over the world.”

“There is no doubt that the future of our State will and must greatly depend upon the type
of education we give to our children, and the way in which we bring them up as future
citizens of Pakistan. Education does not merely mean academic education. There is
immediate and urgent need for giving scientific and technical education to our people in
order to build up our future economic life and to see that our people take to science,
commerce, trade and particularly well-planned industries. We should not forget, that we
have to compete with the world which is moving very fast towards growth and
development.”

“At the same time we have to build up the character of our future generation. We should
try, by sound education, to instill into them the highest sense of honour, integrity,

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 responsibility and selfless service to the nation. We have to see that they are fully
qualified and equipped to play their part in various branches of national life in a manner
which will do honour to Pakistan.”

These desires of the Quaid have been reflected in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic
of Pakistan and relevant articles are:

The state shall endeavour, in respect of the Muslims of Pakistan:

a. to make the teachings of the Holy Quran and Islamiat compulsory and
encourage and facilitate the learning of Arabic language to secure correct and
exact printing and publishing of the Holy Quran;

b. to promote unity amongst them and the observance of Islamic moral

standards;

Provide basic necessities of life, such as food, clothing, housing, education and medical
relief for all such citizens irrespective of sex, caste, creed or race as are permanently or
temporarily unable to earn their livelihood on account of infirmity, sickness or
unemployment;

Remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum
possible period.

Enable the people of different areas, through education, training, agricultural and
industrial development and other methods, to participate fully in all the forms of national
activities including employment in the service of Pakistan;

The State shall discourage parochial, racial, tribal, sectarian and provincial prejudices
among the citizens.

Reduce disparity in the income and earnings of individuals, including persons in various
classes of the service of Pakistan.

Steps shall be taken to ensure full participation of women in all the spheres of national
life.

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 The vision is to transform Pakistani nation into an integrated, cohesive entity, that can
compete and stand up to the challenges of the 21 st Century. The Policy is formulated to realize
the vision of educationally well-developed, politically united, economically prosperous, morally
sound and spiritually elevated nation.

OBJECTIVES

To make the Qur’anic principles and Islamic practices as an integral part of curricula so
that the message of the Holy Quran could be disseminated in the process of education as well as
training. To educate and train the future generation of Pakistan as true practicing Muslims who
would be able to usher in the 21 st century and the next millennium with courage, confidence,
wisdom and tolerance.

To achieve universal primary education by using formal and informal techniques to

provide second opportunity to school drop-outs by establishing basic education community
schools all over the country.

To meet the basic learning needs of a child in terms of learning tools and contents.

To expand basic education qualitatively and quantitatively by providing the maximum

opportunities to every child of free access to education. The imbalances and disparities in the
system will be removed to enhance the access with the increased number of more middle and
secondary schools.

To ensure that all the boys and girls, desirous of entering secondary education, get their
basic right through the availability of the schools.

To lay emphasis on diversification of curricula so as to transform the system from

supply-oriented to demand oriented. To attract the educated youth to world-of-work from various
educational levels is one of the policy objectives so that they may become productive and useful
citizens and contribute positively as members of the society.

To make curriculum development a continuous process; and to make arrangements for

developing a uniform system of education.

To prepare the students for the world of work, as well as pursuit of professional and
specialized higher education.

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 To increase the effectiveness of the system by institutionalizing in-service training of
teachers, teacher trainers and educational administrators. To upgrade the quality of pre-service
teacher training programmes by introducing parallel programmes of longer duration at post-
secondary and post-degree levels.
To develop a viable framework for policy, planning and development of teacher
education programmes, both in-service and pre-service.

To develop opportunities for technical and vocational education in the country for
producing trained manpower, commensurate with the needs of industry and economic
development goals.

To improve the quality of technical education so as to enhance the chances of

employment of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) graduates by moving from a static,
supply-based system to a demand-driven system.

To popularize information technology among students of all ages and prepare them for
the next century. To emphasize different roles of computer as a learning tool in the classroom
learning about computers and learning to think and work with computers and to employ
information technology in planning and monitoring of educational programmes.

To encourage private sector to take a percentage of poor students for free education.

To institutionalize the process of monitoring and evaluation from the lowest to the
highest levels. To identify indicators for different components of policy, in terms of quality and
quantity and to adopt corrective measures during the process of implementation.

To achieve excellence in different fields of higher education by introducing new

disciplines/emerging sciences in the universities, and transform selected disciplines into centres
of advanced studies, research and extension.

To upgrade the quality of higher education by bringing teaching, learning and research
process in line with international standards.

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 OBJECTIVES OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SYLLABUS

The objectives for introducing Computer Science at Higher Secondary level are to:
1. understand the basic concepts, theories, principles and laws of Computer Science and
their application in daily life;
2. develop mathematical manipulation skills for designing and writing different computer
programmes using Computer language;
3. understand and appreciate the role of Information Technology in socio-economic and
cultural development of society;
4. develop skills for using and promoting internet techniques;
5. provide sound but solid basis for further studies in the discipline of Computer Science
and Information Technology.

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 TOPICS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SYLLABUS

Data Basics
 Introduction to Database concepts
 Data Concepts, Terminology and usage
 Database Design and Table Creation
 Formatting a Table
 Relationships
 Locating and Replacing Information
 Creating Simple Queries
 Creating calculated Fields
 Introducing forms
 Formatting and Creating Forms
 Formatting and Creating Reports

Programming Using C
Outline for C
 Characteristics of High level Programming Languages
 Basic Structure of Programme
 Creating, Editing and Saving a Source Programme
 Compiling, Linking and executing a Program
 Variables, character, integer, long integer, floating point, double precision
 Input/output, printf, scanf, format specifirer, field width specifier
 Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical Operators
 Comments
 Loops: for loop, while loop, do-while
 Decision: if statement, if-else Statement, else-if, Switch Statement, Conditional Operator
 Importance of Functions
 Simple functions
 Function Passing Arguments and Returning Values
 Open file, Read, Write, Append and Close File

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE PRACTICALS

MS ACCESS
1. Creating different tables and assign primary key
2. Create simple queries using wizard and design view
3. Create relationship between tables
4. Create simple forms using wizards and design view
5. Create reports using wizards and design view
6. Use of summary and calculated fields

C – LANGUAGE
1. Writing a program which prints a text of 4 lines consisting of characters, integer values
and floating point values using printf statement.
2. Writing a program that reads and prints the data using the Escape Sequence, (Asking the
name, age, height and gender of the student using scant and print statements)
3. Writing a program, which uses operators (calculate the area of triangles, volume of spheres
and arrange the resultant values in ascending order)
4. Writing a program which uses ‘for’ loop statement, (Generate the multiplication table from
2 to 20)
5. Writing a program which uses ‘while’ loop and Nested ‘while’ loop, (Use ‘for’ loop and
continue the process in ‘while’ loop satisfying this condition)
6. Finding the factorial of N using ‘while’ loop, read value of N using scant and print the
factorial of various N
7. Draw a checkerboard and print it using if-else statement, and extend the program using
Nested if-else
8. Writing a program which uses a ‘switch’ statement and breaks the program if certain
condition is observed. Repeat the program with ‘case’ statement
9. Writing a function, which generates factorial of N and calls this function in the ‘main’
program
10. Writing a program which uses multiple arguments in a function. (Develop a user-defined
function to generate a rectangle. Use the function for passing arguments to draw different
sizes of rectangles and squares)

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 LEARNING – TEACHING APPROACHES
AND CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES

1. Computer Science is a practical subject, therefore most parts of the syllabus will need to be
supplemented by a range of practical exercises. Students should be taught the handling and
use of a computer in a well-equipped computer lab.

2. Whenever new software is used, the teacher must demonstrate either on a large monitor
screen or connected to the TV so that students can see the software and how it is used.

3. Case studies and small projects can be assigned to students on an individual basis or be
solved as a group activity.

4. Students may be instructed to present their case studies or other projects in the form of a
formal report using a computer.

5. Students should be encouraged to explore and question on topics related to computers to

satisfy their quest for computer knowledge.

6. The computer itself is an important demonstration device that can be used to facilitate
teaching.

7. Due to limited numbers of computers and also to enhance learning among students, group
work on computers should be encouraged and the concept of time sharing introduced on a
practical basis.

8. Students can be taken on field trips to places where computers are used to provide them
exposure to not only hardware but also software components.

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 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION

Assessment, appraisal, or evaluation is a means of determining how far the objectives of

the curriculum have been realized. What really matters is the methodology employed for such
determination. As is now recognized, performance on the basis of content-oriented tests alone
does not provide an adequate measure of a student’s knowledge and ability to use information in
a purposeful or meaningful way; the implication, then, is that effective and rewarding techniques
should be developed for evaluating the kind and content of teaching and learning that is taking
place and for bringing about improvement in both. The following points, while developing the
tests/questions may be kept in view:

1. Proper care should be taken to prepare the objective-type and constructed-response

questions relating to knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis and synthesis,
keeping in view the specific instructional objectives of the syllabus and the command
words for the questions.

2. There should be at least two periodic/monthly tests in addition to routine class/tests.

Teachers are expected to develop and employ assessment strategies which are
dynamic in approach and diverse in design. When used in combination, they should
properly accommodate every aspect of a student’s learning.

3. In addition to the final public examination, two internal examinations should be

arranged during the academic year for each class.

4. Classroom examinations offer the best and most reliable evaluation of how well
students have mastered certain information and achieved the course objectives.
Teachers should adopt innovative teaching and assessment methodologies to prepare
the students for the revised pattern of examination. The model papers, instructional
objectives, definitions of cognitive levels and command words and other guidelines
included in this book must be kept in view during teaching and designing the test
items for internal examination.

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 DEFINITION OF COGNITIVE LEVELS

Knowledge:

This requires knowing and remembering facts and figures, vocabulary and contexts, and the
ability to recall key ideas, concepts, trends, sequences, categories, etc. It can be taught and
evaluated through questions based on: who, when, where, what, list, define, describe, identify,
label, tabulate, quote, name, state, etc.

Understanding:

This requires understanding information, grasping meaning, interpreting facts, comparing,

contrasting, grouping, inferring causes/reasons, seeing patterns, organizing parts, making links,
summarizing, solving, identifying motives, finding evidence, etc. It can be taught and evaluated
through questions based on: why, how, show, demonstrate, paraphrase, interpret, summarize,
explain, prove, identify the main idea/theme, predict, compare, differentiate, discuss, chart the
course/direction, report, solve, etc.

Application:

This requires using information or concepts in new situations, solving problems, organizing
information and ideas, using old ideas to create new ones, generalizing from given facts,
analyzing relationships, relating knowledge from several areas, drawing conclusions, evaluating
worth, etc. It can be taught and evaluated through questions based on: distinguish, analyze, show
relationship, propose an alternative, prioritize, give reasons for, categorize, illustrate,
corroborate, compare and contrast, create, design, formulate, integrate, rearrange,
reconstruct/recreate, reorganize, predict consequences etc.

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 DEFINITION OF COMMAND WORDS

The purpose of command words given below is to direct the attention of the teachers as
well as students to the specific tasks that students are expected to undertake in the course of their
subject studies. Same command words will be used in the examination questions to assess the
competence of the candidates through their responses. The definitions of command words have
also been given to facilitate the teachers in planning their lessons and classroom assessments.

Assign: Putting data against a variable for doing a programme or a project

to achieve certain objectives.

Change: Implies switching from one programme to another or shifting from

a given computer characteristic to a desired one.

Check: Implies switching verification of given data or any computer

software or programme.

Classify: State a basis for categorization of a set of related entities and assign
examples to categorize.

Compare: List the main characteristics of two entities clearly identifying

similarities (and differences).

Convert: Shift or change the given programme or data into a different form
with different characteristics.

Create: Requires developing a new programme or a set of functions from

one’s own experience.

Define: Means only a formal statement about a term or function without any
examples.

Demonstrate: Show how one thing is related to another, usually by physical

manipulation or experiment to show a computer related skill.

Describe: State in words (using diagrams where appropriate) the main points
of the topic. It is often used with reference either to a particular
phenomenon or experiment. In the former instance, the term usually
implies that the answer should include reference to (visual)
observations associated with the phenomenon.

Determine: Often implies that the quantity concerned cannot be measured

directly but is obtained by calculation, substituting measured or
known values of other quantities into a standard formula, e.g.
relative molecular mass.

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Differentiate: Identify those characteristics which always or usually help us to tell
two categories apart. A list of features is required.

Discuss: Express views in a logical and lucid way considering all aspects of
a matter under discussion and draw conclusions.

Draw: Implies a simple free hand sketch or diagram. Care should be taken
with proportions and the clear labeling of parts.

Enter: Implies feeding in the data by making use of the keyboard.

Explain: Reason or use some reference to theory, depending on the context.

Identify: Pick out, recognizing specified information from a given content or

situation.

Justify: Provide evidence of understanding any concept or skill with

sufficient grounds.

Know: Requires remembering the factual information, figures, equipment

and contexts.

Make: Putting different items together to develop a set of the desired data
or functions.

Name: Identify people, places and organizations.

Present: Show a programme or any software function or data with related

basis.

Recognize: Involves looking at a given example and stating what it most

probably is.

Select: Choose the desirable page layout from a given document.

Set: Requires placing a software function in order for further

programming.

Show: Demonstrate or prove by evidence and or by argument.

State: Implies a concise answer with little or no supporting argument, e.g.

a numerical answer that can be obtained by inspection.

Use: Deploy the required attribute in a constructed response or apply any

computer skill of software in a practical way.

Write: Implies making a list of desired entities or functions.

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 RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOKS

In contrast to the previous practice the examination will not be based on a single
textbook, but will now be curriculum based to support the examination reforms. Therefore, the
students and teachers are encouraged to widen their studies and teaching respectively to
competitive textbooks and other available material.

Following books are recommended for reference and supplementary reading:

1. A Textbook of Computer Science for class XII

Written by: Mr Sajjad Heder
Published by: National Book Foundation, Islamabad

2. A Textbook for Computer Science for class XII

Published by: Gaba Educational Books, Karachi

3. A Textbook for Computer Science for class XII

Published by: Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore

4. A Book of C
By: Aikman Series

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