Operators

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Operators
Operators
According to number of operands there are
three types of operators
• Unary Operator: 1 operand
– -x,-y,++x,--x, !,~ etc.

• Binary Operator: 2 operand

– x+y,x-y, etc

• Ternary Operator: 3 operand

– Cond ? valueIfTrue: valueIfFalse

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Operators
According to Operations
1. Arithmetic Operator

2. Relational Operator

3. Equality Operator

4. Bitwise Operator

5. Logical Operator

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar to be continue…

 Operators
According to Operations
6. Conditional Operator

7. Assignment Operator

8. Increment Decrement Operator

9. Special Operator

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Arithmetic Operator
If x=10 and y=6

Operator Meaning Expression Value

+ Addition x+y 16
- Subtraction x-y 4
* Multiplication x*y 60
/ Division x/y 1
% Mod x%y 4
(Remainder)

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
Arithmetic Operator
Ex Ex
int / int=int (i)13/ 5

int/float=float = 2

(ii)13.0/ 5
float/float=float
= 2.6
float/int=float
(ii)13/ 5.0

= 2.6

(iv)13.0/ 5.0

= 2.6

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Arithmetic Operator
Ex

3%2 = 1

-3 % 2 = -1

3 % -2 = 1

-3 % -2 = -1

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Arithmetic Operator
Precedence
Internal
U ARE BLCAC
• I: *, / , %

• II: +, -

With Others
• Unary >Arithmetic> Relational>Equality> Bitwise>
Logical>Conditional> Assignment> Comma

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Arithmetic Operator
Precedence With Others
• Unary ( -,+,++,--,~,!, sizeof, etc. ) >

• Arithmetic(1. *,/,%, 2.+,-) > Bitwise(<<,>>)>

• Relational (<,<=,>,>=) > Equality (==,!= ) >

• Bitwise(1. &, 2.^, 3. I) Logical (1. &&, 2. II ) >

• Conditional ( ? :) > Assignment(=,+=,-=,*=,/= etc.)>

• Comma ( , )

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Arithmetic Operator
Associativity
Used when we have more than two operators
having same precedence.

Left to Right

Note: Only unary, ternary(?:) and

assignment operators have Right to Left
Associativity
By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Arithmetic Operator
Ex
x Output
int x=2 + 3 * 5 / 6;
4 x=4
printf(“x=%d”,x);

2+3*5/6

= 2 + 15/ 6

= 2+2

= 4

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Arithmetic Operator
Ex

2 + 3 * (5 / 6)

= 2 + 3*0

= 2+0

=2

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Relational Operator
a =10,b=6

Operator Meaning expression value

< Less than a<b 0(false)

<= Less than equal to a<=b 0(false)

> Greater than a>b 1(true)

>= Greater than equal a>=b 1(true)

to

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Relational Operator
Precedence With Others
Unary ( -,+,++,--,~,!, sizeof, etc. ) >

Arithmetic(1. *,/,%, 2.+,-) > Bitwise(<<,>>)>

Relational (<,<=,>,>=) > Equality (==,!= ) >

Bitwise(1. &, 2.^, 3. I) Logical (1. &&, 2. II ) >

Conditional ( ? :) > Assignment(=,+=,-=,*=,/= etc.)

Comma ( , )

Associativity : Left to Right

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Relational Operator
Ex
x Output
main
2 0
{ 1

int x=2;

printf(“%d\n”,x>5);

printf(“%d\n”,x<5);

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Equality Operator

Operator Meaning Expression Value

== Equal to (compare) 10==20 0(false)

!= Not equal to 10!=20 1(true)

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Equality Operator
Precedence With Others
• Unary ( -,+,++,--,~,!, sizeof, etc. ) >

• Arithmetic(1. *,/,%, 2.+,-) > Bitwise(<<,>>)>

• Relational (<,<=,>,>=) > Equality (==,!= ) >

• Bitwise(1. &, 2.^, 3. I) Logical (1. &&, 2. II ) >

• Conditional ( ? :) > Assignment(=,+=,-=,*=,/= etc.)

• Comma ( , )

Associativity : Left to Right

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Logical Operator
x=10, y=20, z=30
Operator Meaning Expression value

&& Logical and x > y && y < z 0

0 && 1

II Logical or x > y II y < z 1

0 || 1

! Logical not ! (x > y) 1

!0

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Logical Operator
&&
And operator

If both conditions are true(1) then the result will

be true otherwise the result will be false(0)
C1 C2 C1 && C2
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Logical Operator
||
Or operator

If any of the condition is true(1) then the result will be true

otherwise the result will be false(0)

C1 C2 C1 || C2
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Logical Operator
!
Not operator

If the given conditions is true(1) then the result will be

false and If the given conditions is false(0) then the result
will be true
Cond1 !Cond1
0 1
1 0
By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Logical Operator
Precedence
Internal Precedence
• i) !

• ii) &&

• iii) ||

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Logical Operator
Precedence With Others
• Unary ( -, +, ++, --, ~, ! , sizeof, etc. ) >

• Arithmetic(1. *,/,%, 2.+,-) > Bitwise(<<,>>)>

• Relational (<,<=,>,>=) > Equality (==,!= ) >

• Bitwise(1. &, 2.^, 3. I) Logical (1. &&, 2. II ) >

• Conditional ( ? :) > Assignment(=,+=,-=,*=,/= etc.)

• Comma ( , )

Associativity : Left to Right

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Bitwise Operator
Operator Meaning Expression Value

& Bitwise and 12&10 8

I Bitwise or 12 I 10 14

^ Exclusive or 4 ^7 3

~ Complement ~ 12 -13
<< Left shift x=12<<1 x=24

>> Right shift y=12>>1 y=6

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Bitwise Operator
Bitwise and (&) Output
84 21 8
1100 short x=12,y=10;
8+4=12
printf(“%d”,x&y);
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 x
8 4 2 1
& 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 y
8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 =(8)10
Note: If compiler is using 2 bytes for short then above memory allocation will be there.

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Bitwise Operator
Bitwise or (|) Output
14
short x=12,y=10;

printf(“%d”,x|y);
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 x
| 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 y
8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 =(14)10
Note: If compiler is using 2 bytes for short then above memory allocation will be there.

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Bitwise Operator
Bitwise xor (^) Output
6
short x=12,y=10;

printf(“%d”,x^y);
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 x
^ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 y
8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 =(6)10
Note: If compiler is using 2 bytes for short then above memory allocation will be there.

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Bitwise Operator
Complement Operator(~) Output
-13
short x=12;

printf(“%d”,~x);

x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

~x 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1

Note: If compiler is using 2 bytes for short then above memory allocation will be there.

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Bitwise Operator
Left shift (x<<n)
Shift n bits of x in the left side.
Output
• short x=12; 24

• printf(“%d”,x<<1);

8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 x
16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 =(24)10
Note: If compiler is using 2 bytes for short then above memory allocation will be there.

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Bitwise Operator
Right shift (x>>n)
Shift n bits of x in the right side.
Output
• short x=12; 6

• printf(“%d”,x>>1);

8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 x
16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 =(6)10
Note: If compiler is using 2 bytes for short then above memory allocation will be there.

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Bitwise Operator
Precedence With Others

Internal Precedence
• i) ~

• ii) <<,>>

• iii) &

• iv) ^

• v) I

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Bitwise Operator
Precedence With Others
• Unary ( -, + , ++, -- , ~ , ! , sizeof, etc. ) >

• Arithmetic(1. *,/,%, 2.+,-) > Bitwise(<<,>>)>

• Relational (<,<=,>,>=) > Equality (==,!= ) >

• Bitwise(1. &, 2.^, 3. I) Logical (1. &&, 2. II ) >

• Conditional ( ? :) > Assignment(=,+=,-=,*=,/= etc.)

• Comma ( , )

Associativity : Left to Right

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Conditional Operator
?:
Condition ? Expression1: Expression2

If the condition is true then it will

execute Expression1 otherwise it will
execute Expression2

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Conditional Operator
Ex
x Output
main
5 y=2
{ 2 y
int x=5;
false 2
(0)

int y = x>10 ? 1 : 2; int y=2;

printf(“y=%d\n”,y);

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Conditional Operator
Precedence With Others
• Unary ( -,+,++,--,~,!, sizeof, etc. ) >

• Arithmetic(1. *,/,%, 2.+,-) > Bitwise(<<,>>)>

• Relational (<,<=,>,>=) > Equality (==,!= ) >

• Bitwise(1. &, 2.^, 3. I) Logical (1. &&, 2. II ) >

• Conditional ( ? :) > Assignment(=,+=,-=,*=,/= etc.)

• Comma ( , )

Associativity : Right to Left

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Assignment Operator
x=5
Operator Expression Meaning Value

= x=10 Equal (assignment) 10

+= x+=2 x=x+2 7
-= x-=2 x=x-2 3
*= x*=2 x=x*2 10
/= x/=2 x=x/2 2
%= x%=2 x=x%2 1
&= x&=2 x=x&2 0
|= x|=2 x=x|2 7
^= x^=2 x=x^2 7

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Assignment Operator
Precedence With Others
• Unary ( -,+,++,--,~,!, sizeof, etc. ) >

• Arithmetic(1. *,/,%, 2.+,-) > Bitwise(<<,>>)>

• Relational (<,<=,>,>=) > Equality (==,!= ) >

• Bitwise(1. &, 2.^, 3. I) Logical (1. &&, 2. II ) >

• Conditional ( ? :) > Assignment(=,+=,-=,*=,/= etc.)

• Comma ( , )

Associativity : Right to Left

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
Increment and Decrement
Operator

Pre Increment
/ Pre
Increment / Decrement
Decrement Post Increment
/ Post
Decrement

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
Increment and Decrement
Operator
Pre Increment Operator

1st : increment
2nd : assign

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Increment and Decrement
Operator
Pre Increment Operator 1st : increment
2nd : assign
a) ++x; x=x+1;

x Output
int x=5;
5 x=6
++x; 6
printf(“x=6\n”); printf(“x=%d\n”,x);

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Increment and Decrement
Operator
Pre Increment Operator
x=x+1;
1st : increment
(b) y=++x;
y=x; 2nd : assign

x y
5 6
int x=5,y; Output
6 x=6
y=++x; y=6

printf(“x=%d\ny=%d”,x,y);

printf(“x=6\ny=6”); By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar

 Increment and Decrement
Operator
Post Increment Operator 1st : assign
2nd : increment
a) x++; x=x+1;

x Output
int x=5;
5 x=6
x++; 6
printf(“x=6\n”); printf(“x=%d\n”,x);

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Increment and Decrement
Operator
Post Increment Operator
y=x; 1st : assign
(b) y=x++;
x=x+1; 2nd : increment

x y
5 5
int x=5,y; Output
5
6 x=6
y=x++; y=5

printf(“x=%d\ny=%d”,x,y);

printf(“x=6\ny=5”); By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar

 Increment and Decrement
Operator
Post Increment Operator
(b) x y 1st : assign
5 5 2nd : increment
int x=5,y;
5
6
y=x>2? x++: 10 ;
Rough Work Output
y=x>2? 5 : 10 ; printf(“x=%d\ny=%d”,x,y); x=6
y=1 ? 5 : 10 ; y=5
y=5;
printf(“x=6\ny=5”);
By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
Increment and Decrement
Increment Operator
x Output
int x=5;
5 5 x=5
printf(“x=%d\n”,x++); 6 x=6

printf(“x=%d\n”,x);
x Output
int x=5;
6 5 x=6
printf(“x=%d\n”,++x); 6 x=6

printf(“x=%d\n”,x);
By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Increment and Decrement
Increment Operator x
Output 5
x=5
x=7
x=6
66
X=5 7
8
int x=5;
7 6 5
printf(“x=%d\n x=%d\n x=%d\n”,x++,x++,x++);

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Increment and Decrement
Operator
Pre Decrement Operator 1st : decrement
2nd : assign
a) --x; x=x-1;

x Output
int x=5;
5 x=4
--x; 4
printf(“x=4\n”); printf(“x=%d\n”,x);

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Increment and Decrement
Operator
Pre Decrement Operator
x=x-1; 1st : Decrement
(b) y=--x; y=x; 2nd : assign

x y
5 4
int x=5,y; Output
4
4 x=4
y=--x; y=4

printf(“x=%d\ny=%d”,x,y);

printf(“x=4\ny=4”); By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar

 Increment and Decrement
Operator
Post Decrement Operator 1st : assign
2nd : Decrement
a) x--; x=x-1;

x Output
int x=5;
5 x=4
x--; 4
printf(“x=4\n”); printf(“x=%d\n”,x);

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Increment and Decrement
Operator
Post Decrement Operator
y=x; 1st : assign
(b) y=x--;
x=x-1; 2nd : Decrement

x y
5 5
int x=5,y; Output
5
4 x=4
y=x-- ; y=5

printf(“x=%d\ny=%d”,x,y);

printf(“x=4\ny=5”); By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar

 Increment /Decrement
Operator
Precedence With Others
• Unary ( -,+,++,--,~,!, sizeof, etc. ) >

• Arithmetic(1. *,/,%, 2.+,-) > Bitwise(<<,>>)>

• Relational (<,<=,>,>=) > Equality (==,!= ) >

• Bitwise(1. &, 2.^, 3. I) Logical (1. &&, 2. II ) >

• Conditional ( ? :) > Assignment(=,+=,-=,*=,/= etc.)

• Comma ( , )

Associativity : Right to Left

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Special Operator
(i) ,

(ii) &

(iii) *

(iv) sizeof

(v) (type)

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Special Operator
Comma Operator
, is used to separate

• Ex int x,y,z;

& : address

Ex : &x means address of x

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Special Operator
* : pointer

sizeof:
size of var. or datatype
• Ex: sizeof(int)

• Ans. 2

(type):
int x=(int)4.5;

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar
 Thank You

By

Dr. Prakash Singh Tanwar

By:Dr. P.S.Tanwar