VIDEOS

 A video is a recording of a motion picture or objects in motion.

Example of a video: Performance of a song or script that aims at interpreting the
meaning of words spoken or the lyrics of a song.
Video production: Process of making video content. Earlier it was known as
filmmaking because video was recorded of film stock.
 Currently, videos are recorded digitally instead of on film stock.
Stages of video production
 Almost all the videos undergo the following main stages of production.
a. Pre-production
b. Principal photography (production),
c. Post-production.
d. Marketing and distribution
PRE-PRODUCTION
 There are a lot of preparations during video pre-production for a successful
video shoot.
 These activities begin with a discussion with the clients for the content
development.
 In this phase, the client is asked to provide information like
 The reason for a video
 The intended audience
 The anticipated action to be taken by viewers
 The marketing and distribution plan
 Using information provided by the client, a package that includes the idea,
plan, timeline, and budget is developed and approved by the client.
 Writing of script, creation of storyboards, preparing a production schedule,
auditioning talent and preparing the cast, hiring and preparing a crew,
securing equipment, finding and securing locations, and selecting wardrobes
are all done in this phase. (All activities that are needed for preparation of a
successful video shoot)
PRINCIPAL PHOTOGRAPHY (PRODUCTION)
 The main task of the production process is principal photography. This
phase entails capturing the project assets using cameras to create animations.
  Here is where all the time and energy spent preparing to reach the highest
level of development to come up with something special.

POST-PRODUCTION
 The captured videos are edited, and music, audio effects, and voiceover are
added to the videos where necessary.
 Some adjustments to sound and color, adding titles, and creating special
effects.
 Creation of publicity materials
 Releasing the project for the target audience.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
 Once the project is complete and out, the next phase is for the audience to
watch it.
 In this phase, the focus is shifted and more effort is put to marketing and
distribution according to the drafted plan.
THE PRODUCTION MODEL
(This is what the ‘videographer’ does without necessarily being in the
presence of the client after they have had a ‘conversation’ on what the client
wants/needs.
 In other words, this is where the ‘videographer’ gets to work
Effect to Cause Model: once you have developed the initial idea, you move
directly to what, ideally, you want the viewers to learn, feel, or do.
This is known as the process message.
 The production model suggests that rather than move from the initial idea to
the production, you jump from the initial idea to a program objective (the
desired effect on the viewer).
 Then and only then do you back up and decide on the medium requirements
necessary to produce the intended communication effect.
 Medium Requirements: re-expressed as a workflow that includes selecting
talent, determining technical and nontechnical personnel, and requesting
studio or field facilities and equipment.
PRODUCTION MODEL (Illustration)

Three Phases of Production (Model Based)

 Preproduction: The preparation of all production details.
 Stage 1: all activities necessary to transform the basic idea into a
workable concept or script -This is where you can brainstorm or
cluster ideas with your crew/group.
 Stage 2: production details such as location, crews, and the necessary
equipment.
 Production: The actual activities in which an event is recorded and
/or televised.
 It includes all activities in which an event is video-recorded or
televised.
 Postproduction: Any production activity that occurs after the production.
Usually refers to either video editing or audio sweetening (a variety of
quality adjustments of recorded sound).
  Video & audio editing.
 Color correction.
 Background music selection
 Special effects

Preproduction: From Idea to Script

Program Objective: Exactly what is it that you want the audience to know, feel,
or do?
Angle: an angle is a specific approach to the story. A point of view of the event.
Effective video programs often have an angle that is different from the usual
treatment of the same subject and is more relevant to the viewer.
Evaluating Ideas
Is the idea worth doing? It should have a positive influence on someone's life.
Is the idea doable? Do you have or can you get all the medium requirements?
If the answer to both these questions is maybe, then don’t go any further.

Production Team: Who Does What When?

 The preproduction team is comprised of the people who plan the production.
Normally includes the producer, writer, director, art director, and technical
director. Large productions may include a composer and a choreographer. In
charge: producer.
 The production team comprises the people who translate ideas into actual
video pictures and sound.
  The production team comprises a variety of nontechnical and technical
people, such as the producer and various assistants (associate producer and
production assistant), director and assistant director, and talent and
production crew. In charge: director.
 The postproduction people put together all selected clips, which contain the
optimal video and audio segments, and give the whole production the final
polish.
 Normally consists of the director, a video editor, and, for complex
productions, a sound designer who remixes the soundtrack.
PRODUCTION PEOPLE
 Nontechnical Production Personnel (above-the-line-personnel)
 Generally involved in translating a script or an event into an effective
television image: Executive Producer, Producer, Associate Producer,
Production Manager, Production Assistant, Director, Associate
Director, Floor Manager & people.
 Technical Production Personnel (below-the-line-personnel)
 Consists of people who are primarily concerned with operating
equipment: camera operators, audio and lighting people, video
recording operators, video editors, and people who set up
communication and signal transmission.
 You should realize, however, that in smaller television and film operations,
one person might carry out several different functions.
 For example, the producer may also write and direct the film/show.
Technical Production Systems
 The television system consists of equipment and people who operate that
equipment for the production of specific programs.
 Multi-camera Studio Systems use two or more cameras, camera control
units(CCUs), preview monitors, a switcher, a line monitor, one or more
video recorders, and a line-out that transports the video signal to the recorder
and/or transmission device.
 Field Production Systems
ENG System - Electronic news gathering is usually done with a camcorder, which
houses an entire video system. It contains al the elements needed to capture and
record an event.
EFP System - Electronic Field Production, Normally consists of a portable
camcorder(s) to record various segments of an event for postproduction editing
STUDIO PRODUCTION
 The production crew usually includes the following:
a. floor manager and floor persons (grips or utility persons)
b. technical director
c. camera operators
d. lighting director (LD)
e. video operator (VO)
f. audio engineer
g. video-record operator
h. C.G. (character generator) operator.
i. Director
j. Producer
k. Assistants
 The production schedule, compiled by the producer, is the overall calendar
for a production, which can span weeks.
 The timeline, on the other hand, is usually drawn up by the director and
shows the allotted time segments for a single production day.
Other Production Teams
News Production Personnel
News director – In charge of all news operations.
Producer – Responsible for the selection & placement of the stories in a
newscast.
 Assignment Editor – Assigns reporters and videographers to specific events
to be covered.
Reporter - Gathers the stories. Often reports on camera in the field.
Videographer – Camcorder operator.
Video editor – edits video according to reporter notes or script.
Anchor – Principal presenter of the news, usually in the studio.
Weathercaster, traffic reporter & sportscaster.
Electronic News Gathering Team(ENG) for simple stories could be done
by a single person, who simultaneously acts as a reporter, camcorder
operator, and editor/ narrator.
Even relatively simple electronic field productions (EFPs) are usually
done with three people. The EFP team consists of talent, a camcorder
operator, and a utility person who takes care of the lighting, audio, and, if
necessary, additional video-recording devices.