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LESSON 1 Understanding Functions

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Javeria Leghari
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38 views

LESSON 1 Understanding Functions

Uploaded by

Javeria Leghari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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This presentation is for the use of APG school students only

Understanding

Page 412-414

Prepared by Ms. Zahraa AlMoamen


What are Functions?
A function is something which provides a rule on how to map inputs to outputs.
From primary school you might have seen this as a ‘number machine’.

Input Output

𝑥 f 2𝑥

Input Output
Name of the function
(usually 𝑓 or 𝑔)

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥
Check Your Understanding

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +2
Q1 What does this function do?
It squares the input then adds 2 to it.

Q2 What is 𝑓(3)?
𝒇 𝟑 = 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏

Q3 What is 𝑓(−5)?
𝒇 −𝟓 = −𝟓 𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟕
This question is asking
the opposite, i.e. “what
Q4 If 𝑓 𝑎 = 38, what is 𝑎? input 𝑎 would give an
𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟖 output of 38?”
So 𝒂 = ±𝟔
Algebraic Inputs
If you change the input of the function (𝑥), just replace each
occurrence of 𝑥 in the output.

If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1 what is: If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 what is:


𝑓 𝑥−1 =𝟐 𝒙−𝟏
𝑓 𝑥−1 = 𝒙−𝟏 +𝟏=𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐
𝑓 𝑥 2 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝑓 𝑥 2 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝑓 𝑥 2 = 𝒙+𝟏 𝟐 𝑓 𝑥 2 = 𝟐𝒙 𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐
𝑓 2𝑥 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
Algebraic Inputs
If you change the input of the function (𝑥), just replace each
occurrence of 𝑥 in the output.

2
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1 what is:

𝑓 𝑥−1 = 𝒙−𝟏 𝟐−𝟏


𝟐 ?
= 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙
𝑓 2𝑥 = 𝟐𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟏
𝟐 ?
= 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟏
2 𝟐 𝟐
𝑓 𝑥 +1 = 𝒙 +𝟏 −𝟏
𝟒
?𝟐
= 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙
Test Your Understanding
A If 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 1, determine:
(a) 𝑔 𝑥 − 1 = 𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟏 − 𝟏 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒
(b) 𝑔 2𝑥 = 𝟑 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏
(c) 𝑔 𝑥 3 = 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏

B If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1, solve 𝑓 𝑥 2 = 51
2𝑥 2 + 1 = 51
𝑥 = ±5
Exercise 1 (exercises on provided sheet)

2 + 𝑎𝑥 − 8.
1 If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 5, find: 4 [AQA Worksheet] 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
a) 𝑓 3 = 𝟏𝟏 If 𝑓 −3 = 13, determine the value of 𝑎.

b) 𝑓 −1 = 𝟑 𝟗 − 𝟑𝒂 − 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟑
𝒂 = −𝟒
1
c) 𝑓 =𝟔
2
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 5, find
2 5 If 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 2, determine the
a) 𝑓 −1 = 𝟔 following, simplifying where possible.
b) the possible values of 𝑎 such that a) 𝑓 𝑥 + 1 = 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝟐 = 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟕
𝑓 𝑎 = 41 𝒂 = ±𝟔 b) 𝑓 𝑥 2 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
c) The possible values of 𝑘 such that
𝟏
𝑓 𝑘 = 5.25 𝒌= ±
𝟐 6 [AQA IGCSEFM June 2012 Paper 2]
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 5 for all values of 𝑥. Solve
𝑓 𝑥 2 = 43
3 [AQA Worksheet] 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 3 − 250.
Work out 𝑥 when 𝑓 𝑥 = 0 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓 = 𝟒𝟑
𝒙 = ±𝟒
𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎 → 𝒙=𝟓
Exercise 1 (exercises on provided sheet)

𝑥2 9 [Edexcel Specimen Papers Set 1, Paper 2H


7 [AQA Worksheet] 𝑓 𝑥 = + 3𝑥 − 10
Q18]
Show that 𝑓 𝑥 + 2 = 𝑥 𝑥 + 7 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8
𝒇 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝒙 + 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟑 𝒙 + 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎 Express 𝑓 𝑥 + 2 in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔 − 𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 = 𝒙 𝒙 + 𝟕

8 If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 determine:
(a) 𝑓 2𝑥 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟏
(b) 𝑓 𝑥 2 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏
(c) 𝑓 2𝑥 − 1 = 𝟐 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 − 𝟏 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑
(d) 𝑓 1 + 2𝑓 𝑥 − 1
= 𝒇 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟓 = 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏
(e) Solve 𝑓 𝑥 + 1 + 𝑓 𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝟐 𝒙+𝟏 −𝟏+𝟐 𝒙−𝟏 −𝟏=𝟎
𝟏
𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 → 𝒙 =
𝟐
CHALLENGE

The polynomial 𝑓 𝑥 is such that
𝑓 𝑥 2 + 1 = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 and
𝑓 𝑥 2 − 1 = 𝑎𝑥 4 + 4𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐. What is the value of 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 ?

𝒇 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒)
By letting 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏:
𝒇 𝒚 = (𝒚 − 𝟏)(𝒚 + 𝟑)
Thus 𝒇 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 = 𝒇 𝒚 − 𝟐
?= 𝒚−𝟑 𝒚+𝟏
= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝟐
= 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟒
𝒂 = 𝟏, 𝒃 = 𝟎, 𝒄 = −𝟒
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕

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