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Assignment 1

optical communication question

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BT21EC010Raushan Kumar
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60 views2 pages

Assignment 1

optical communication question

Uploaded by

BT21EC010Raushan Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 1

1. Describe the structures of different optical fibers with ray paths. What is the approximate
diameter of an optical fiber in each case?

2. Describe a simple block diagram of an optical fiber transmission link and explain the
function of each element in the link.

3. What are the light sources commonly used in fiber communications? Compare them.

4. What is the most important factor which made the above sources suitable for the
communication system?

5. When an optical signal passes through a fiber, it is attenuated and distorted progressively.
What are the factors responsible for attenuation and distortion?

6. What are the advantages of the cladding of a fiber?

7. What do you mean by single-mode and multimode fibers?

8. What do you mean by numerical aperture and the acceptance angle of a fiber? Derive
expressions for them.

9. Compare the optical fiber over the copper wire communication system.

10. Describe briefly, with suitable diagrams, the differences in the paths of meridional rays
and the skew rays in a step-index fiber. Derive the expression for the acceptance angle
for the meridional ray.

11. Explain with the relevant diagrams the different modes of an electromagnetic wave in an
optical fiber. What do you mean by “Hybrid mode”? Explain with ray diagram.

12. What do you mean by V-parameter? Give the expression for the same. Single-mode step-
index fiber has a core diameter and numerical aperture as of 3 µm and 0.1, respectively.
Calculate the value of the V-parameter when the wavelength of the propagating wave is
0.8 µm.

13. What are the basic attenuation mechanisms? On what factor these mechanisms depend?

14. Explain in brief Rayleigh scattering mechanisms. What are two important factors on
which the scattering of glass depends? Write down the equation for the scattering
component ℾr and attenuation in dB per km due to fundamental Rayleigh scattering in
silica.

15. What are the three important mechanisms that are responsible for absorption losses in
signal through an optical fiber. Explain in brief the curve for wavelength versus
attenuation for different ranges of the signal.
16. Describe and derive modes in planar waveguide.

17. A multimode step-index fiber has a relative refractive index difference of 1% and core
refractive index of 1.5. The number of modes operating at a wavelength of 1300 nm is
1100. Calculate the fiber core diameter.

18. Derive the expression for linearly polarized modes in optical fibers and obtain the
expressions for normalized frequency.

19. A graded-index fiber having a parabolic profile of relative refractive index has NA=0.3
in air and a core diameter of 60 µm and supports 742 modes. Calculate the wavelength
of light propagating in the fiber.

20. An optical power of 10 µW is fed into fiber of 10 KM length. The output power is found
to be 5 µW. Calculate- (i) Overall loss in dB assuming no connectors and splices. (ii)
Overall loss in dB/KM. (iii) Overall signal attenuation for a 20 KM optical link using the
same fiber with splices at a 2 KM interval, each of 1 dB attenuation. (iv) The numerical
input-output power ratio in part (iii).

21. Explain Brillouin scattering in optical fiber.

22. A 50 KM long optical fiber link operating at 850 nm offers an average attenuation of 0.5
dB/KM. An optical power of 100 µW is launched into the fiber at the input. What is the
value of optical power at a distance of 30 KM from the input? Also, express the power in
µW and in dBm. What is the output power at the end of the link?

23. Describe the intermodal and intramodal dispersion in optical fiber.

24. Explain why the index of the core must be larger than that of the cladding in a step-index
fiber.

25. Derive the relationship between the material dispersion and wavelength.

26. What are the advantages of a graded index fiber over a step-index fiber?

27. Describe the Ray theory transmission in optical fiber.

28. A continuous 12 KMs long optical fiber link loses 1.5 dB/KM. What is the minimum
optical power that must be launched in to the fiber to maintain an optical power level of
0.3 μw at the receiving end.

29. With diagram derive the expression for intramodal dispersion.

30. Explain pulse broadening and its effect on information carrying capacity on fiber.

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