Differential Equation

(I)
Find the order and degree(if defined) of the following differential equations:

d2y dy d2y  dy  dy
i)  3 3, ii) 2
 sin , iii)  3x  5 ,
dx 2
dx dx  dx  dx
2 5
 d2y   dy  dy
iv)  2 
 x2    4y  0 , v)  y ,
 dx   dx  dx ,
dy
vi) 1  x2  1  y2 0,
dx .
Answer Key
(i) order 2, degree 3 (ii) order 2 , degree not defined

(iii) order 1, degree 1 (iv) order 2, degree 2

(v) order 1, degree 1 (vi) order 1, degree 1

(II)
(a) Form the differential equations of the following family of curves
(i) x2 y = a. ex.
(ii) circles touching two given parallel lines y =  a.
(b) Find the order of the differential equations of the following curves
(i) y = C1sin2x + C2 cos2x +C3.
(ii) Family of parabolas having fixed directrix.
(c) Form the differential equation by eliminating the constants in the equations
(i) x2  y2 = c (x2 + y2)2,
(ii) y = e2x (A cos 2x + B sin 2x).

Answer key

dy   dy 2 
(a) (i) x + (2y – xy) = 0 (ii) y2  1     = a2
dx   dx  
 

(b) (i) 2 (ii) 2

dy x(3y 2  x 2 ) d2 y dy
(c) (i)  (ii) 2
4  8y  0
dx y(3x 2  y 2 ) dx dx

(III)
(a) Solve the following differential equations:

dy dy
 x  y  ln( x  y )  1 ,
2
i) ex  2 xy , ii)
dx dx
 Differential Equation
dy x  e 1  y
x 2
iii)   0.
dx y
(b) Verify that the given function is a solution of the given differential equation:
d2 y x d2 y cos x
i) y = sin1 x;  , ii) y = tan x + sec x;  ,
dx 2 (1  x )3 / 2 dx 2 (1  sin x )2
d2 y
iii) y = x + tan x; cos x  2y  x  0 .
dx 2

Answer Key
2
ex ce x
(a) (i) y = ce (ii) y= e x

(iii) 1  y 2  (x  1)e x  c

(IV)
Solve the following differential equations:
dy dy y
i) (x+y) = 4x + y, ii) x = x cot + y ,
dx dx x
iii) (x + y)dx + (x  y)dy = 0, iv) (x2  y2)dx + 2xy dy = 0,
dy
v) (x  3y + 4)dy  (2x  6y + 7)dy = 0, vi)  sin( x  y ) .
dx

Answer key

1 y  2x 1 y 2  4 x 2 y
(i) ln  ln  ln x  c (ii) sec = cx
4 y  2x 2 x2 x

(iii) y2  2xy  x2 = c (iv) x2 + y2 = cx

(v) 5 (2x  y) + log (5x  15y + 17) = c (vi) tan (x + y)  sec (x + y) = x + c

(V)
Solve the differential equations:
dy dy
i)  2 xy  x 3 , ii) y = 1 + y2,
dx dx
dy dy y 1
iii) x xy, iv)   ,
dx dx x 1  x2
dy
v)  (sec x )y  tan x , vi) y dx  x dy + (log x)dx = 0.
dx
Answer Key
1 x2 2
 
2
(i) y ex = e x 1  c (ii) y2 = ce2x - 1
2
1  x2 c
(iii) y = x log x + cx (iv) y= 
x x
 Differential Equation
(v) (sec x + tan x)y = sec x + tan x  x + c

(vi) y =  (1 + log x) + cx.

(VI)
Solve the following differential equations:
d2 y
i) (x + lny)dy + y dx = 0, ii)  sec 2 x ,
dx 2
d2 y
iii) y dx – xdy + y2cosxdx = 0, iv)  sin x  e x .
dx 2
Answer Key
(i) xy + y lny – y = c (ii) y = log sec x +c1x + c2

(iii) x = - y sinx + cy (iv) y = ex  sin x