GE 2123 | THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

UNIT I: INTRO and THE STRUCTURE of GLOBALIZATION

TRANSCRIBED BY: ELLEMA, ARIANNE KENDRA P. | BMLS – 2D | RTRMF | Date: Sept. 23, 2023

INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE 5. Manfred Steger: Globalization is the

Studying the outside world can: expansion and intensification of social
1. Cure parochialism -an outlook that is limited relations and consciousness world-time and
to one’s immediate community. across world-space.
 Parochial: person who is concerned only
with his/her family, village, or even Expansion- refers to both the creation of
country; close-minded. new social networks and the multiplication
of existing connections that cut across
2. Teach you more about yourself. The traditional political, economic, cultural, and
experiences of communities outside the geographical boundaries.
Philippines may provide solutions to many of
the country's problems. Intensification- refers to the expansion,
 Dr. Jose Rizal: stated “anyone who has stretching, and acceleration of these
not learned about the world will be networks: social media, international groups
haunted by the ghost of comparison. of non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
 The urge is like a ghost that suddenly that connect a more specific group- social
appears. workers and activists.

3. Interact with the world: the Filipinos are EXAMPLES:

increasingly becoming aware of our  Strong Financial market connecting London
interdependence globally. and new York such as electronic trading.
 Filipinos are living and working abroad  China committed itself to the global
(OFWs) economy in 1980s.
 Many Filipinos work for foreign countries  Shanghai steadily returned to its old role as a
operating in the country such as in major trading post.
business process outsourcing (BPO)  Honda plant temporarily ceased production
 Due to internet, cheaper travel costs, of car parts due to monsoon rains flooded
and larger trade off goods and services. much Bangkok. This had a strong negative
 The deepening global effect on Honda-USA which relied heavily
interconnectedness of places, ideas, on the parts being imported from Thailand,
economies, culture, and people. as a result, Japanese car company’s global
profits also fell.
GLOBALIZATION: A Working definition
1. Most accounts view globalization as The final attribute of the definition of globalization
primarily an economic process. relates to the people perceived time and space.

2. News paper reports: It is the integration of Stager: noted “globalization processes do not
the national markets a wider global market occur merely at an objective, material level but
signified by the increased free trade. they also involve the subjective plane of human
consciousness”.
3. Activist: Anti-globalization means resisting DepEd and CHED: require all learning institutions to
the trade deals among countries facilitated use virtual/online classes as we cannot afford to go
and promoted by global organization like ftf classes.
World Trade Organization.
Globalism: a widespread belief among powerful
4. Academics: globalization is an people that the global integration of economic
interdisciplinary approach used by general markets is beneficial to everyone, since it spreads
education courses. freedom and democracy across the world.

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 6. Arjun Appandurai: Different kind of 10. Cerny (1997):
globalization occur on multiple and ▪ Globalization is cluster of economic and
interesting dimensions of integration that he political frameworks and procedures
calls “Scapes”. deriving from the changing marks of the
interests and assets that comprise the
5 SCAPES foundation of the international political
1. Ethnoscape- global movement of economy- specifically, the expanding
people structural differences of those interests
2. Mediascape- flow of culture and assets.
3. Technoscape- circulation of mechanical
goods and software. 11. Freeden (2003)
4. Finanscape- denotes the global ▪ Globalization denotes a range of
circulation of money processes nesting under one rather
5. Ideoscape- realm where political ideas unwieldy epithet.
move around. ▪ Its conceptual difficulty to handle or
control arises from the fact that global
Although they intersect, these 5 scapes have flows occur in different physical and
different logics. They’re thus, distinct windows into mental dimensions.
the broader phenomenon of globalization.
12. Economists:
7. Schottle (1995): ▪ Globalization means increase of free
▪ Globalization stands for quite a large trade, speed of trade, global economic
public spread across the world as one of organization, regional trade blocks.
the defining terms of the 20th century
social consciousness. INTENSE ESTABLISHMENT OF ECONOMIC
ORGANIZATIONS
8. Rosenau (1996): ▪ International Monetary Fund (IMF)
▪ Globalization is not the same as ▪ World Bank (WB)
globalism which points our aspirations for ▪ World Trade Organization (WTO)
an end state of affairs wherein values ▪ International Labor Organization
are shared by or pertinent to all the (ILO)
world’s five billion people, their ▪ European Free Trade Area (EFTA)
environment, their roles as citizens, ▪ ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)
consumers, and producers with an ▪ Trans-Pacific Partnership
interest in collective action designed to ▪ Mercursor- a custom union among
solve common problems. Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay,
and Venezuela.
 Universalism: values that embrace
all humanity. 13. McLuhan (1964)
▪ He is a communication expert.
9. McGrew (1990): ▪ Globalization refers to the concept of
▪ Globalization is described as something global village. Through globalization, the
that is comprised of multiple sameness world become borderless world.
and interconnectedness that go beyond ▪ Communication technology makes the
the nation-states. world shrink.
▪ Globalization is a process in which ▪ He believes that media have connected
individuals and organizations in one part the world in ways that created global
of the world are affected by the village.
activities, affairs, and convictions on
another part of the world. 14. Culture Experts:
▪ Globalization is referred to as cultural
imperialism.

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▪ It is the conviction that there is a “better”
culture.
▪ In cultural globalization, therefore, the
spread of popular culture (music, art,
literature, fashion, style) flows from
dominant to non-dominant cultures.
(developed to developing countries.

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