Biotechnology Reviewer 1

Biotechnology
[Reviewer]
Commonly used Microbes in Biotechnology.
Uses
Yeast -leaving our baked goods.
Lactic Acid -increase the thickness of deeper layers of skin.
Bacteria -fermentation and preservation of foods.
Fungi -source of constituents to produce biocatalytic enzymes
Protozoa -treatment of com-mural and industrial wastewaters.
Microalgae -source for production of bioethanol.
Viruses -used as vectors by essentially removing their pathogenic
parts while retaining their gene-delivery.
E. coli -produce recombinant proteins.
Lactobacillus Food fermentation.
Penicillium Fights bacterial infections.
Azusprillium Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-
fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial genus from the
family of Rhodospirillaceae. Azospirillum bacteria can
promote plant growth.
-Pediococcus Pentococcus, -Leuconostoc mesenteroids

-Lactobacillus Salivarnis, -L. Fermentation, L. Paraplantorum
-Weissela SP
Full maturity 20-30 days.

Punnett Square
×
R r 50% -red Vietnam rose
R RR Rr 50% -pink Vietnam Rose
r Rr
rr
B B
B BB BB 100% -Black
b Bb Bb
P -purple colored flower

P -white colored flower
Diploid
Humans hove 23 pairs of chromosomes one chromosomes father other one
mother.
Homozygous (PP/pp)
Same
-Same set of genes
o Both Dominant/Recessive
Heterozygous (Pp)
o Different set of genes
Dominant Alleles Recessive Alleles
-Express in both terrors -Express only on Homozygous.
Biotechnology
-bio’s “life, techniques “skills”
Traditional Biotechnology Modern Biotechnology

-Uses Bacteria -DNA, Genes
Traditional Biotechnology
-refers to a number of ancient ways of using living organisms to make new
products.
Fermentation
Two types:
-Lactic acid fermentation
-Alcohol fermentation
-This is Anaerobic, metabolic process.
1. Beer brewing
2. Wine fermentation
GMO
-Genetically Modified Organism
-adding of new genes from other bodies to another body
Bt Corn
-Bacillus Thuringiensis Corn
Transgenic Animals
-Goat, sheep, cattle, and chickens are used to produce
1. Who first proposed a doubts helix molecular model for DNA

structure?
-Jones Watson and British physicist Francis Crick one the fruit to
propose a double helix molecular model for DNA structure.
2. The process of finding the relative location of genes on a

chromosome is?
-The process is called “Gene “mapping.”
3. Define and describe the function of the ff: DNA, RNA, Proteins
DNA -carries genetic information for the development and
functioning of an organism.
-RNA -forms a template for the production of proteins.
-Proteins - Large, complex, molecules that play important roles in the
body
4. Describe
a. Transcription (-Process of making RNA copy of gene’s)
b. Translation (-Process of an mRNA into a protein.)
5. What is the correct gene expression pathway?

-DNA→Transcription→mRNA→Translation→Protein
Modern Biotechnology in Industry
1. Bioremediation
Other examples:
-Forensic -Biomaterials
-Aquaculture
Advantages
-develop new drugs, vaccines and medical devices that help to prevent,
diagnose and treat diseases.
Microbes “microorganism”
-They are microscopic
LOUIS PASTEUR- WELL KNOWN MICRO BIOLOGIST
o Bacteria
-Small single-celled organisms.
-Shapes; rods, spheres, and spiral
-They can freely move through flagella
Ex of bacteria:
Lactobacillus
-Good bacteria
-Friendly to our gut
E.coli
-Most common in our intestines
-Help breakdown food
Can cause infections
Pseudomonas
-Important in decomposition and bioremidation
-Help clean oil spills
o Fungi’ “largest of the types of microbes”

-Eukaryotic non-motile organisms.
-Most are multicellular, but some are unicellular
-They obtain by decomposing organic matter
-Cant move on their own
-Largest among the 3 types of microorganism
Example: Mushrooms, Molds, Bracket fungi
o Virus
-Microscopic infectious agent
-Lacks the cellular structure
-Smaller than bacteria
1. RNA Viruses
-Use RNA as their genetic material
Example: Flu virus, and the common cold virus.
Hybridization
-type of biotechnology that does not depend on microorganisms.
-Hybrid
-Crossbreed
-Genes
SELECTIVE BREEDING
CROSSBREEDING
 2 unrelated indvs being bred together
INBREEDING
 Breeding of 2 closely related individuals(siblings)
LINEBREEDING
 Breeding of 2 individuals who has a common ancestor but not closely
related like inbreeding

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Biotechnology

Commonly used Microbes in Biotechnology.

-Pediococcus Pentococcus, -Leuconostoc mesenteroids

Full maturity 20-30 days.

P -purple colored flower

Traditional Biotechnology Modern Biotechnology

1. Who first proposed a doubts helix molecular model for DNA

2. The process of finding the relative location of genes on a

5. What is the correct gene expression pathway?

o Fungi’ “largest of the types of microbes”

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