A Socially Relevant Project (SRP) Report On

AN INTIATIVE TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER

PURIFICATION SYSTEM AT CHINTHALAVALASA
VILLAGE,VZM, A.P.

A Report Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the SRP

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted By

BURJI PAVAN KUMAR (20331A0805)

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Dr.D. Krishna
Associate Professor, M. Tech, PhD.

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

MAHARAJ VIJAYARAM GAJAPATHI RAJ COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING (A), Vijayaram Nagar Campus, Chintalavalasa,
Vizianagaram
2020-2024
 MAHARAJ VIJAYARAM GAJAPATHI RAJ COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING (A), VIZIANAGARAM.

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “AN INTIATIVE TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF
WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM AT CHINTHALAVALASA VILLAGE ,VZM ,A.P.” is a
bonafide work carried out under the guidance of Dr. D. Krishna, Associate Professor by BURJI
PAVAN KUMAR (20331A0805) submitted to the “Department Of Chemical Engineering” in partial
fulfilment of the requirements of Socially Relevant Project (SRP) “Bachelor Of Technology” in
Chemical Engineering at Maharaj Vijayaram Gajapathi Raj College Of Engineering(A),
Vizianagaram during the year 2020 - 2024.

Dr.D.Krishna Dr. B. Sarvarao

Associate Professor Head of the Department
Project Guide

I
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my sincere & heartfelt obligation towards all the personages who have
helped me in this endeavour without their active guidance, help, cooperation & encouragement, I
would not have made headway in the project.

I am ineffably indebted to Dr. D. Krishna, Associate Professor for his conscientious guidance and
encouragement to accomplish this assignment.

I am extremely thankful and pay my gratitude to our Head of The Department Dr. B. Sarvarao for
his valuable support on completion of this project.

I also extend my gratitude to the management of Maharaja Vijayaram Gajapathi Raj College
of Engineering (A) for giving me this opportunity.

I also extend my sincere thanks to L. Mahesh , P. Nandini and ANM’s of Indira Nagar Anganwadi
for their valuable support.

I would like to thank my parents for always supporting us in all kinds of good and bad times during
working on this project.

At last, but not the least I extend my gratitude to all the faculty members of Department of Chemical
Engineering who constantly extended their support.

THANKING YOU ALL

BY

BURJI PAVAN KUMAR (20331A0805)

II
 DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project report entitled “AN INTIATIVE TOWARDS
IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM AT CHINTHALAVALASA
VILLAGE,VZM, A.P.” is originally carried out by BURJI PAVAN KUMAR (20331A0805)
submitted to the department of Chemical Engineering at Maharaj Vijayaram Gajapathi Raj College
of Engineering in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Socially Relevant Project(SRP) of B.
Tech in Chemical Engineering Department , is a record of bonafide project work carried out under
the guidance of Dr. D. Krishna, Associate Professor. I further declare that the work reported in this
project has not been submitted and will not be submitted, either in part or in full, for the award of
any other degree or diploma in this institute or any other institute or university.

Place: Vizianagaram
Date:

III
 ABSTRACT

Water purification is a process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological

compounds, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. Propose
water purification system for remote area focus on providing a pure drinking
water at low cost with high reliability to the rural families. It involves the
research, design and manufacture of water purification system using renewable
energy. It consists of combination of natural substances (Moringa seed, Papaya
seed, Tulasi leaves, neem leaves, sugarcane bagasse, rice husk).It is an effective
method to deactivate the bacteria, viruses and protozoan in contaminated water.
This method can be made portable, cost effective, user complaint and energy
efficient enough to meet the drinking water needs. Experimentation is carried
out for testing water sample. Water sample is analyzed and tested in a laboratory
for before and after the process.

IV
 CONTENTS

Title Page No

Chapter-1 1-4
Introduction
1.1 About Water
1.2 Properties
1.3 Needs of water
Chapter-2 5-7
Literature Survey
2.1 About village
2.2 Present Scenario of village
Chapter-3 8-9
Objectives And Raw materials
3.1 Objectives
3.2 Raw materials
Chapter-4 10-14
Methodology
4.1 Primary treatment
4.2 Secondary treatment
4.3 Advantages and disadvantages
4.4 Market Possibilities
Activity log 15-17
Conclusions 18
References 19
 CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION

1
1.1 About Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, tasteless,
odourless, and nearly colourless chemical substance, and it is the main constituent
of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent).
It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food energy, or organic micronutrients.
Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and
two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the
oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. "Water" is also the name of the liquid state of H2O at standard
temperature and pressure. Because Earth's environment is relatively close to water's triple point,
water exists on Earth as a solid, liquid, and gas. It forms precipitation in the form
of rain and aerosols in the form of fog. Clouds consist of suspended droplets of water and ice, its
solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of snow. The gaseous
state of water is steam or water vapor.

Water is one of the most important resources on the planet. Without water, life cannot exist.

Water is a very good solvent – it has the ability to dissolve many substances. The boiling point and
freezing point of water make it easily available in all three states (solid, liquid, and gaseous).The
specific heat of water is quite high. This enables water to absorb and release heat slowly, thereby
regulating the temperature of its environment. Owing to its transparency, water can allow light to
reach the life forms that are submerged in it. This is crucial for the survival of plant life in the
oceans, lakes, and rivers. Water is neither acidic nor basic in nature. It has a pH of 7, making it a
neutral substance.
These unique qualities of water, along with its abundance on the planet (approximately 71% of the
Earth’s surface is made up of water), make it a crucial resource for plants, animals, and human
beings.[1]

2
1.2 Properties
1.2.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Water has several important physical properties.
Although these properties are familiar because of the omnipresence of water, most of the
physical properties of water are quite atypical.[3]

Colour Colourless , Clear

Odour Odourless

Density (mass / volume) 998.57 kg/m3

(At 180C )

Freezing Point 00C

Boiling Point 1000C

Table1.2.1 : Physical Properties of Water

1.2.2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

• Chemically Stable (not decomposed easily)

• Reacts violently with sodium and potassium
• Reacts with metal oxides to form base. E.g.:CaO
• Reacts with non-metals to form acids. E.g. : S2O.[3]

1.3 Needs of Water

1.3.1 Importance of Water in Human Beings

➢ Insufficient water content in the human body results in severe dehydration, which is often
accompanied by kidney failure, seizures, and swelling in the brain.
➢ Water helps improve the circulation of oxygen throughout the body.
➢ It also plays a crucial role in the digestion of food.
➢ Water is a very important component of saliva, which helps break down food.
➢ The excretion of waste in the human body requires water. Insufficient water levels in the
body may increase the strain on the kidneys, resulting in the formation of kidney stones.
3
1.3.2 Industrial Uses of Water
➢ Many industries require large quantities of water for processing, cooling, and diluting
products. Examples of industries that consume large quantities of water include the paper
industry, the food industry, and the chemical industry.
➢ Water is also used as an industrial solvent for the production of several commercially
important products. Almost all power plants that generate electricity employ water to spin
turbines.
➢ Heavy water, an important form of water, is widely used in nuclear reactors as a neutron
moderator.

1.3.3 Other Important Uses of Water

➢ If not for the high specific heat of water, the temperature of the Earth’s surface would be
much lower. This would make it difficult for life to survive.
➢ The water in the Earth’s oceans absorbs heat from the sun during the day and helps
maintain the temperature during the night.
➢ Water is necessary for the irrigation of crops and is, therefore, an integral part of
agriculture.
➢ It is widely used in cooking activities since it boils at a temperature of 100o
➢ Humans make use of water for a wide range of domestic activities such as washing and
cleaning.
➢ Water also serves as a medium for the transportation of cargo. Many goods are
transported between the Earth’s continents via ships.

1.3.4 Importance of Water in Living Organisms

➢ Water is the medium through which all essential vitamins and minerals are
transported in the bodies of living organisms (owing to its ability to dissolve a wide
range of substances).
➢ Water also plays a vital role in facilitating the work of enzymes in living organisms.
For example, the sodium bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas is broken down into
ions by water, making the medium sufficiently alkaline for the enzymes to work.
➢ Water helps maintain body temperatures in plants and animals. In order to decrease
the temperature in their bodies, animals lose water via perspiration (sweating) and
plants lose water via transpiration.
➢ Since water can rise in capillary tubes without any external help, it can be transported
from the roots of trees to every other part of the tree.
➢
Water is an integral part of photosynthesis. Without it, autotrophic plants would not
be able to produce their own food.[2]

4
 CHAPTER – 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

5
2.1 About the Village :

▪ SC colony is an area in Indira Nagar of Chinatalavalasa village, VZM, A.P. It is a peaceful

area and people in the village are calm and composed. All the villagers maintain healthy
relation among themselves. Around 700 people living in this locality, among them many
of them were illiterates, rest all of them were Childrens studying at present. Many of the
People were working as daily waged labors.

2.1.1 Health:
One Primary Health Sub-Centre is available in this village.

2.1.2 Transportation:
Autos Available in this Village. Tractors Available in this Village. Man pulled Cycle
Rickshaws Available in this Village. Animal Driven Carts are there in this Village. Nearest
Railway Station is nearly 6 km. Every family is having their own 2 wheeler vehicle.

2.1.3 Commerce:
Nearest ATM nearly than 1 km. Commercial Bank is nearly 1 km. Nearest Cooperative
Bank is in less than 6 km.

2.1.4 Communication:
Mobile Coverage is available. Nearest Internet Centre is in less than 5. Nearest Private
Courier Facility is in less than 6 km. each and every family is having their own smart
phones.

Fig 2.1 : picture of village neighbourhood

6
2.2 Present Scenario of the village

▪ While Making door to door survey, we noticed that there is no Proper road facility and
there were no drainages and Majorly we came across the problem of Unpurified Water
▪ Then , We decided to find a remedy for to Purify the water using the materials available to
the around the colony.
▪ There are Many sugarcane Plantations , Moringa Olifera trees , Papaya trees in that area.
▪ With the help of some references , we suggested and implemented a methodology for the
purification of water with small prototype model.
▪ And also Created Awareness about the Methodology to the villagers , in a detailed manner.
▪ At last we visited Anganwadi Centre , we gave an idea about this technique and said them
to inculcate the qualitative ideas and their support and provide knowledge to the upcoming
generations.

Fig 2.2.1: Picture of People living that area

Fig 2.2.2: conducting a survey with villagers

7
 CHAPTER – 3

OBJECTIVES AND RAW MATERIALS

8
3.1 OBJECTIVES :

• To Provide the Water Purification system working on natural based system.

• To provide pure water drinking system at low cost to the rural areas.
• To make the system the energy efficient.
• To make the system portable and user efficient.

3.2 RAW MATERIALS :

1. Neem Leaves
2. Moringa Seeds (Drum Stick seeds)
3. Tulasi leaves
4. Sugarcane Bagasse
5. Papaya Seeds
6. Rice husk
7. Charcoal
8. Sand

9
 CHAPTER – 4

METHODOLOGY

10
4.1 PRIMARY TREATMENT :

• First water is collected in tank for sometime in large tank for sedimentation process.
• Function of primary treatment to remove the large as well as medium size of sediments.
• It also remove the odour and the colour and the some bacteria in some amount.
• The charcoal is used to remove the presence of arsenic in some amount.

PRIMARY TREATMENT

UNPURIFIED
WATER

CHARCOAL

BIG SIZE SAND STONE

MEDIUM SIZE SAND

STONE

COLLECTED WATER

Fig-4.1: Flow sheet of Primary treatment

4.2 SECONDARY TREATMENT :

• The main aim of this treatment to remove the bacteria , virus as well as antimony from
waste water.
• The leaves of neem will acts as a germicide for the virus and bacteria presents in water. It
will also provide the bitterness and colour in small amount.
• The neem leaves also remove the ferrous in some amount.
• The rice husk is used to remove the ferrous and copper.
• Papaya seeds are able to separate antimony from water.
• After that water will passed from the moringa seeds powder which is most effective part
because it removes the aluminium, bacteria , copper , ferrous, chromium , zinc and lead.
• When the crushed seeds are added to the raw water the proteins produced a positive charge
which acts like a magnets attracting particles clay, silt and toxic particles .[2]
• The proteins binds the particles by forming flocs which can be easily removed using filters.
• It is also used as detoxification and antibiotic.

11
• The Tulasi leaves is used for removing fluorine and as well as germ killer.
• Then the water again goes in moringa seeds powder for removal of coloured and odour.
• For providing some test the water goes from the sugarcane baggage.[2]

SECONDARY TREATMENT

PRIMARY
TREATMENT

MORINGA SEEDS
POWDER
TULASI LEAVES
POWDER
NEEM LEAVES COLLECTED WATER
POWDER

RICE HUSK
MORINGA
SEEDS
PAPAYA SEED POWDER

COLLECTED
WATER A
B

Fig 4.2.1: 1st step of secondary treatment Fig 4.2.2: 2nd step of secondary
treatment

SUGARCANE
BAGASSE

PURE WATER

Fig 4.2.3 : 3rd step of secondary treatment

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4.3 Advantages and disadvantages

4.3.1 Advantages :

1. The process is very economical.

2. The raw material is easily available in India at low cost.
3. The process is based on natural things.
4. The waste product is reusable and at last we can use it as manure.
5. The water we get at last is herbal and good for health .[4]

4.3.2 Disadvantages :

❖ The Process is time taking.

❖ Depends on the availability of raw materials.[4]

4.4 Market Possibilities :

➢ The bio-gas we get from moringa and sugarcane tree can be used as substituents gas
(LPG).
➢ Sugarcane baggage is used for making paper.
➢
Waste material of the process is used as manure.[4]

Fig 4.41 Prototype Model

13
WEEK DESCRIPTION OF THE LEARNING OUTCOMES
NO. WEEK ACTIVITY
1 Discussion and identification of • Understood the Statistics of village
problems faced by people in including population.
villages. • Understood the present scenario of
Interaction with community water in the village.
official of selected village i.e.SC
colony , Indiranagar ,
Chintalavalasa village,
Vizianagaram, A.P.
2 Visited the village including • Understood the Different problems
Anganwadi’s and interacted with facing by the villagers, such as water
ANM`s and people in village. availability, damaged roads, electricity
Problem identified is majority of shortages.
unpurified water. • Concluded that of all the problems ,
Purification of water is chosen.
3 Interacted with all the villagers • Worked on literature for getting
and learned about the importance possible ideas
of water being used and problems
they were facing.
4 Brainstormed on different • Understood the steps involved in the
solutions and finally came up Process.
with water purification by natural • Understood the advantages of the
method which involves Natural method used.
products as raw materials.
This method is economically
feasible and easily adoptable .
5 Suggested villagers about • Understood how to communicate with
purification method in unknown people at unfamiliar places.
small scale way as this method is • Understood how to interact and learn
affordable. subject lively.

6 The Methodology is explained to • Made the villagers to understand the

villagers in detail so that they can process.
try to adopt themselves . • Understood that by undertaking these
The advantages and outcomes of kinds of projects will help us to build
the purification method is ourselves up and also the people living
explained and awareness is created around us.
among the villagers.
Table 4.1 : Week wise activity report of Chintalavalasa village

14
ACTIVITY LOG :

Fig 5.1 : A Visit to SC colony , Indira Nagar ,

CHINTALVALASA village

Fig 5.2 : Unpurified water available in village

Fig 5.3 : TDS value(595 mg/L) of Water before Purification

15
 Fig 5.4 : Making of model prototype for Water purification
Using natural materials as a group

Fig 5.5 : Developed model prototype for water Purification

Fig 5.6 : Explained and Suggested the villagers to

implement the methodology as it is easy to adopt and maintain

16
Fig 5.7 : Purified Water collected after Purification

Fig 5.8 : TDS value (282 mg/L) after Purification

Fig 5.9 : Creating awareness to Anganwadi ANM’s

17
 CONCLUSION

Firstly, We have visited the village and tried to find the problems of the people living there. We
found that unpurified water is the major problem and decided to purify the water using some
natural materials like Moringa seeds, Tulasi leaves, Neem leaves, Papaya seeds, Charcoal,
sugarcane bagasse, etc.,
Moringa seeds powder has shown a significant reduction of turbidity. When it was used at smaller
concentrations without altering the pH of the water It is the most effective in killing the micro
organisms . It is a simple, efficient and cost effective method to disinfect and clean water for use
in rural communities. The water after purified will be helps to fight against many diseases, this is
because we have used neem leaves powder. This method is efficient for removing hardness,
turbidity, toxic metals etc. This method is economically feasible and eco-friendly. Rice husk can
be potentially utilized for the removal of various pollutants from water. Tulasi Leaf extract have
great potential as antimicrobial agent for the treatment of water. The components present in
leaves have no side effects to human compared to chemical treatment. More over the water
treated with Tulsi extract serve not only as germ free but also as Medicinal water. The use
of papaya seed as a precursor material for the production of adsorbents and coagulants, and also
used to remove pollutants, such as heavy metals, dyes and microorganisms. The structure of active
charcoal is used to remove contaminants from water.
This method of purification also meets the needs of medical, pharmacological, chemical, and
industrial applications for clean and potable water. [5]

At last, we concluded the process by testing water to find the TDS of water sample
Before purification it is 595(mg/L), which is fair, according to palatability
After Purification it is 282 (mg/L), which is excellent, according to the palatability.
However, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends a TDS level of less than 300(mg/L)
for drinking water. So, this method can be employed for purification as it meets the WHO
permissible limits.

18
 REFERENCES

1. Process Safety and Environmental Protection , Volume 147 , March 2021.

2. Water Treatment and Purification using Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract, by Malika Ahuja,
University of Bologna.
3. WATER PURIFICATION USING MORINGA OLEIFERA ,November 5 ,2010, by
ANTHONIA OLUDURO (Author)
4. Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi et al., “Removal of Heavy Metals from Textile Wastewater
Using Sugarcane Bagasse Activated Carbon” International Journal of Engineering &
Technology, 7 (4.30) 112-115, (2018)
5. S.A. Muyibi, H.M. Salleh, M.R.M. Salleh, J. Gombak, Moringa Oleifera Seeds As
Natural Coagulant for Water Treatment ,Water. Sci. Technol.. (2009), pp. 163-168

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