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anvismakinganotheroneoftheseFunction Sheet Solution
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anvismakinganotheroneoftheseFunction Concept Building-01
1. Which of the following is a function ?
(i) {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4)} (ii) {(1, 4), (2, 5), (1, 6), (3, 9)}
(iii) {(1, 2), (3, 3), (2, 3), (1, 4)} (iv) {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2)}
Sol. (i) Not a function
2 is mapping with more than one element.
(ii) Not a function
1 is mapping with more than one element.
(iii)Not a function
1 is mapping with more than one element.
(iv) It is a function
Every element is mapped with only one element.
2. Find the domains of definitions of the following functions :
(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest and fractional part functions respectively.)
(i) f(x) = cos 2x 16 x 2
Sol. Domain :
cos2x 0 and 16 – x2 0 x [–4, 4]
y = cost ; t = 2x
–5 –3 – 3 5 t
2 2 2 2 2 2
–0 0
5 3 3 5
t = 2x – , – – , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
5 3 3 5
x , , , Ans.
4 4 4 4 4 4
(ii) f(x) = log7 log5 log3 log2(2x3 + 5x2 – 14x)
Sol. Domain : log5(log3(log2(2x3 + 5x2 – 14x))) > 0
log3(log2(2x3 + 5x2 – 14x)) > 1
log2(2x3 + 5x2 – 14x) > 3 2x3 + 5x2 – 14x > 8
2x3 + 5x2 – 14x – 8 > 0
(2x + 1) (x + 4) (x – 2) > 0
1
x 4, (2, ) Ans.
2
147
(iii) f(x) = ln x 2 5x 24 x 2
x 2 5x 24 0
Domain : x (–, –3] [8, ) ……(1)
x 5x 24 (x 2) 0
2
x 2 5x 24 > x + 2
Case(i) x + 2 < 0 x < –2 Case(ii) x + 2 0 x –2
x 2 5x 24 > x 2 x 2 5x 24 x 2
ve – ve
xR Square 9x + 28 < 0
28
x (–, –2) …..(2) x<–
9
x …..(3)
Domain : ((2) (3)) (1) x (–, –3] Ans.
1 5x
(iv) f(x) =
7 x 7
1 5x 5x 1
Sol. Domain : 0 0
7– x 7 7·7 x 1
5x 1
0
7 x 1 1
x (–, –1) [0, ) Ans.
(v) y = log10 sin(x – 3) + 16 x 2
Sol. Domain :
sin(x – 3) > 0 and 16 – x2 0 x [–4, 4]
Put x – 3 = t
sint > 0 & t [–7, 1] { x [–4, 4]}
y = sint
–5
2
0 t
2
t=–7 t=1
t = x – 3 (–2, –) (0, 1]
x (–2 + 3, – + 3) (3, 4] Ans.
148
2log10 x 1
(vi) f(x) = log100x
x
Sol. Domain :
x0
x0
2 log10 x 1
1
2 log10 x 1 0 log10 x { x 0}
0 x 2
x
x0 1
100x 0 x
1 10
100x 1 x
100
1 1
x 0, – Ans.
10 100
1
(vii) f(x) = + ln x(x2 – 1)
4x 1
2
Sol. Domain :
1 1
4x 2 1 0 x or x
2 2
x(x 2 1) 0 x (–1, 0) (1, )
– + – +
–1 0 1
1
x 1, (1, ) Ans.
1 1/2 0 1/2 1 2
x
(viii) f(x) = log 1
2
x 1
2
Sol.
– + – +
–1 0 1
x x
0 0 x (–1, 0) (1, )
x 1
2
(x 1)(x 1)
x 2
log1/2 2 0
x x x 1
2 1 0
x 1 x 1 (x 1)(x 1)
+ – + – + 1 5 1 5
x (–, –1) ,1 ,
–1 1–5 1 1+5 2 2
2 2
–1 1–5 0 1 1+5
2 2
1 5 1 5
x , 0 , Ans.
2 2
149
1
(ix) f(x) = x2 | x |
9 x2
Sol. Domain :
x 2 | x | 0 | x | (| x | –1) 0 x (– , –1] [1, ) {0}
9 x 2 0 (x 3)(x 3) 0 3 x 3
–3 –1 0 1 3
x (–3, –1] {0} [1, 3) Ans.
(x) f(x) = (x 2 3x 10) l n 2 (x 3)
Sol. Domain :
x 3 0 x 3
(x 3x 10). n (x 3) 0
2 2
(x 5)(x 2)(x 4) 0
2
+ – – +
–2 4 5
x (–, –2] [5, ) {4}
x [5, ) {4}
(xi) f(x) = log x (cos 2x)
Sol. Domain :
1/2
0 1/4 3/4 1 x
1 3
cos(2x) > 0 x 0, ,1
4 4
x>0 x > 0
x1 x1
logx(cos2x) 0
0<x<1 or x>1
cos(2x) 1 cos(2x) 1
xR cos(2x) = 1
x (0, 1) 2x = 2n
x=nI
x N – {1}
1 3
x 0, , 1 x N –{1} Ans.
4 4
150
cos x (1/ 2)
(xii) f(x) =
6 35x 6x 2
Sol. Domain
1
1 cos x
cos x 0 2
2
1
6 35x 6x 0
2
x , 6
6
cosx=1/2
x
5 2
3 6 x=6
x =– 1/6
1 5
x , , 6 Ans.
6 3 6
(xiii) f(x) =
log1/3 log 4 [x]2 5
Sol. Domain
t0 t 0
log 4 t 0 t 1 1 < t 4
log1/3 (log 4 t) 0 t 4
1 < [x]2 – 5 4 6 < [x]2 9
– 3 [x] < – 6 6 < [x] 3
[x] = – 3 [x] = 3
x [–3, –2) [3, 4) Ans.
[x]
(xiv) f(x) =
2x [x]
Sol. Domain :
2x – [x] 0
2x [x]
1
x 0 , –
2
1
x R – , 0 Ans.
2
(xv) f(x) = logx sin x
Sol. Domain
0
sin x 0
x 0 x (2n, 2n + ) – {1}
x 1
Where n w
151
3. Find the domain & range of the following functions.
(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest and fractional part functions respectively).
(i) f(x) = log 5 2(sin x cos x) 3
Sol. Domain :
2 (sinx – cosx) + 3 > 0
2sin x + 3 > 0 x R Ans.
4
Range :
f(x) = log 2sin x 3 ;
4
5
1 2sin x + 3 5
4
log 5 1 f (x) log 5 5 f (x) [0, 2] Ans.
2x
(ii) f(x) =
1 x2
Sol. Domain : x R
2x 2
Range : f(x) =
1 x 2
x 1/ x
1
x (–, –2] [2, )
x
f(x) [–1, 1] Ans.
x 2 3x 2
(iii) f(x) = 2
x x 6
Sol. Domain : x2 + x – 6 0 x R – {2, –3}
(x 1)(x 2) x 1
Range : f(x) = = ; x2
(x 3)(x 2) x 3
x 1 3y 1
=y x= y1
x 3 1 y
1 1
At when x = 2 , y = Range R – , 1 Ans.
5 5
x
(iv) f(x) =
1 | x |
Sol. Domain : x R
x
1 x ; x 0
Range : f(x) =
x ; x0
1 x
152
1
1 x 1 ; x 0 f (x) [0, 1)
f(x) =
1 1 ; x 0 f (x) (–1, 0)
1 x
f(x) (–1, 1) Ans.
(v) f(x) = 2 + x – [x – 3]
Sol. Domain : x R
Range : f(x) = 2 + x – ([x] – 3)
= 5 + x – [x]
= 5 + {x}
f(x) [5, 6) Ans. ({x} (0, 1))
(vi) f(x) = log3(5 + 4x – x2)
Sol. Domain : 5 + 4x – x2 > 0 x2 – 4x – 5 < 0
(x – 5) (x + 1) < 0 x (–1, 5)
Range : y = log3t ; t > 0 & t = – (x2 – 4x – 5)
t (x 2)2 9
y = log3t ; t > 0 & t (–, 9]
y = log3t ; t (0, 9]
Range : f(x) (–, 2]
4. The range of the function f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2|, –1 x 3 is
(A) [1, 3] (B) [1, 5] (C) [3, 5] (D) None of these
Sol. f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| ; –1 x 3
y
5
3
1
x
–1 0 1 2 3
Range : f(x) [1, 5] Ans.
5. The range of the function f(x) = 2|sin x| – 3|cos x| is :
(A) [–2,] (B) [–2, 3] (C) [3,] (D) [–3, 2]
Sol. f(x)max. = 2|sin x| – 3|cos x|
f(x)max. when 3|cosx| = 0 x =
2
f = 2
2
f(x)min when 3|cosx| = 1 x = 0
f(0) = 0 – 3 = – 3
Range , f(x) [–3, 2]
153
6. (i) The function f(x) is defined on the interval [0, 1]. Find the domain of definition of the
functions.
(a) f(sin x) (b) f(2x + 3)
Sol. Domain of f(x) is x [0, 1]
(i) (a) Domain of f(sinx) is 0 sinx 1
x [2n, 2n + ] ; n I
(b) Domain of f(2x + 3) is 0 2x + 3 1
3
x , 1
2
(ii) Given that y = f(x) is a function whose domain is [4, 7] and range is [–1, 9]. Find the range and
domain of
1
(a) g(x) = f(x) (b) h(x) = f(x – 7)
3
Sol. y = f(x) : Domain : x [4, 7]
Range : y [–1, 9]
1
(a) g(x) = f(x) Domain : x [4, 7]
3
1
Range : g(x) ,3
3
(b) h(x) = f(x – 7) Domain : 4 x – 7 7
x [11, 14]
Range : h(x) [–1, 9]
Function Concept Building-02
1. Classify the following functions f(x) defined in R R as injective, surjective, both or none.
x2
(a) f(x) =
1 x2
x2
Sol. f(x) = : RR
1 x2
(1 x 2 ) 2x x 2 2x 2x(1 x 2 x 2 )
f (x) =
(1 x 2 ) (1 x 2 )2
f (x) =
2x – + Many – one
(1 x 2 ) 2 0
2
x
Now, f(x) = [0, 1) Co-domain Into.
1 x2
f(x) is neither injective nor surjective Ans.
154
(b) f(x) = x + |x|
2x ; x 0
Sol. f(x) = x + |x| =
0 ; x 0
y
Many – one & into
x
(0, 0)
f(x) is neither injective nor surjective Ans.
(c) f(x) = ex – e–x
Sol. f(x) = ex – e–x
f (x) = ex + e–x > 0 f(x) is increasing x R
f(x) is one – one
Range (–, ) = Co-domain onto
f(x) is injective as well as surjective Ans.
ex e x
2 2
(d) f(x) =
e x e x
2 2
2 2
e 2x 8x.e 2x –
Sol. (d) f(x) = f (x) = +
e 2x 1 (e2x 1) 2
2 2
0
f(x) is many – one
e2x [1, )
2
f(x) [0, 1) co-domain Into
f(x) is neither injective nor surjective Ans.
1 1
2. If f(x) = |x| and g(x) = [x], then value of fog + gof is
4 4
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 1/4
Sol. f(x) = |x| , g(x) = [x]
1 1
f g + gf
4 4
1 1
= f + g
4 4
1
= |–1| +
4
= 1 + 0 = 1 Ans.
155
3. If f : R R, f(x) = x3 + 3, and g : R R, g(x) = 2x + 1, then f–1og–1(23) equals :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) (14)1/3 (D) (15)1/3
Sol. (gof)–1 = f–1og–1
g(f(x)) = g(x3 + 3) = 2(x3 + 3) + 1 = 2x3 + 7
x 7
1/3
–1
(gof) =
2
23 7
1/3
–1 –1 –1
f og (23) = (g(f(x))) = = 2 Ans.
2
4. Which of the following functions has its inverse :
(A) f : R R, f(x) = ax (B) f : R R, f(x) = |x| + |x – 1|
(C) f : R R , f(x) = |x|
+ (D) f : [, 2] [–1, 1], f(x) = cos x
Sol. (A) f : R R
f(x) = ax (0, ) co-domain into function
Inverse does not exist
y
(B) f : R R
f(x) = |x| + |x – 1|
Range co-domain 1
Inverse does not exist
0 1 x
y
(C) f : R R+
f(x) = |x|
Range Co-domain
Inverse does not exist
(0, 0) x
y
1
(D) f : [, 2] [–1, 1] x
f(x) = cosx 3/2 2
f(x) is one-one and onto –1
Inverse exist
2, when x Q
5. If function f(x) = , (fof) 4 the value will be :
0, when x Q
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) None of these
2 ; x Q
Sol. f(x) =
0 ; x Q
f(f( 4 )) = f(f(2)) = f( 2 ) = 0 Ans.
156
1 x 3x x 3
6. If f(x) = log and g(x) = 2
, then f[g(x)] is equal to :
1 x 1 3x
(A) – f(x) (B) 3f(x) (C) [f(x)]3 (D) None of these
1 x 3x x 3
Sol. f(x) = log & g(x) =
1 x 1 3x 2
3x x 3
1
3x x 3 1 3x 2
f(g(x)) = f 2
= log
1 3x 3x x 3
1 2
1 3x
1 3x 2 3x x 3 (1 x)3
= log 3
= log 3
1 3x 3x x (1 x)
2
1 x 1 x
3
= log = 3 log = 3 f(x) Ans.
1 x 1 x
7. If f : R R, g : R R and f(x) = 3x + 4 and (gof) (x) = 2x – 1, then the value of g(x) is :
1
(A) 2x – 1 (B) 2x – 11 (C) (2x – 11) (D) None of these
3
Sol. f(x) = 3x + 4 & g(f(x)) = 2x – 1
g(3x + 4) = 2x – 1 ; Put 3x + 4 = t
t4 2t 11 t4
g(t) = 2 –1 = x=
3 3 3
2x 11
t x g(x) = Ans.
3
8. If f : R R, f(x) = x2 + 2x – 3 and g : R R, g(x) = 3x – 4, then the value of fog(x) is :
(A) 3x2 + 6x – 13 (B) 9x2 – 18x + 5 (C) (3x – 4)2 + 2x – 3 (D) None of these
Sol. f(x) = x2 + 2x – 3 & g(x) = 3x – 4
f(g(x)) = f(3x – 4) = (3x – 4)2 + 2(3x – 4) – 3
= 9x2 – 18x + 5 Ans.
9. If f(x) = sin2 x + sin2 x + cos x cos x and g(x) is a one-one function defined in R
3 3
R, then (gof) (x) is
(A) one-one (B) onto
(C) constant function (D) periodic with fundamental period
Sol. f(x) = sin2x + 1 – cos2 x 3 + cosx.cos x
3
2
= 1 – cos 2 x sin 2 x + cos x.cos x
3 2 3
1
= 1 – cos 2x .cos cos 2x cos
3 3 2 3 3
157
1 1 1 5
= 1– cos 2x cos 2x
2 3 2 3 4 4
g(x) is a one-one function
5
g(f(x)) = g = constent function.
4
10. Compute the inverse of the functions:
10x 10 x
x
(a) f(x) = ln x x 2 1 (b) f(x) = 2 x 1 (c) y =
10x 10 x
Sol. We have to compute inverse,
It is assumed the f(x) is bijective
(a) Let f(x) = n (x x 2 1) y
x+ x 2 1 ey
x 2 1 = ey – x
Square x2 + 1 = e2y + x2 – 2xey
2xey = e2y – 1
1
x = (ey – e–y)
2
1
f–1(x) = (ex – e–x) Ans.
2
x
(b) f(x) = 2 x 1 = y (Let)
x
= log2y x = x . log2y – log2y
x 1
(log2y – 1) x = log2y
log 2 y
x=
log 2 y 1
log 2 y
f–1(x) = Ans.
log 2 x 1
10x 10 – x
(c) Let f(x) = y
10x 10 x
102x 1
y 102x – 1 = y · 102x + y
10 1
2x
102x(y – 1) = – y – 1
1 y 1 y
102x = 2x = log10
1 y 1 y
1 1 x
f–1(x) = log10 Ans.
2 1 x
158
Function Concept Building-03
1. Find whether the following function are even or odd or none
(a)
f(x) = log x 1 x 2
Sol. f(x) = log (x 1 x 2 )
f(–x) = log (x 1 x 2 ) : Rationalise
1
= – log ( 1 x x)
2
= log
1 x x
2
f(–x) = –f(x) odd function
x(a x 1)
(b) f(x) =
a x 1
x(a x 1)
Sol. f(x) =
(a x –1)
(a – x 1) ax 1
f(–x) = – x = x x = f(x) f(x) Even function
(a – x –1) a –1
(c) f(x) = sin x + cos x
Sol. f(x) = sinx + cosx
f(–x) = – sinx + cosx Neither even nor odd function
(d) f(x) = x sin2 x – x3
Sol. f(x) = xsin2x – x3
f(–x) = – xsin2x + x3 = – f(x) odd function
(e) f(x) = sin x – cos x
Sol. f(x) = sinx – cosx
f(–x) = – sinx – cosx Neither Even nor odd function
1 1
2. Let f x = x2 + 2 (x 0), then f(x) equals :
x x
(A) x – 2
2 (B) x2 – 1 (C) x2 (D) None of these
2
1 1 1
Sol. f x = x2 2 = x – 2
x x x
1
x y
x
f(y) = y2 – 2
f(x) = x2 – 2
3. Find the period of following function :
(i) f(x) = |sin 2x| is :
(A) /4 (B) /2 (C) (D)
Sol. f(x) = |sin2x|
Period =
2
159
x x
(ii) f(x) = sin + cos is
2 2
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) 24
x x
Sol. f(x) = sin cos
2 2
2 2
LCM , LCM (4, 4) = 4
/2 /2
(iii) f(x) = log cos 2x + tan 4x is
(A) /2 (B) (C) 2 (D) 2/5
Sol. f(x) = log(cos2x) + tan 4x
2
LCM ,
2 4
LCM , =
4
4. In the following which function is not periodic
(A) tan 4x (B) cos 2x (C) cos x2 (D) cos2 x
Sol. (A) tan4x Period
4
2
cos2x Period = =1
2
(C) cosx2 Non-periodic
f(x + T) f(x) x R ; T > 0
(D) cos2x Period =
5. Suppose f is a real function satisfying f(x + f(x)) = 4f(x) and f(1) = 4. Find the value of f(21).
Sol. f(x + f(x)) = 4f(x) & f(1) = 4
Put x = 1 f(1 + f(1)) = 4f(1)
f(5) = 16
Put x = 5 f(5 + f(5)) = 4f(5)
f(21) = 4 × 16 = 64 Ans.
6. Let 'f' be a function defined from R+ R+. If [f(xy)]2 = x(f(y))2 for all positive numbers x and
y and f(2) = 6, find the value of f(50).
Sol. f : R+ R+
(f(xy))2 = x(f(y))2
Put x = 25, y = 2 (f(50))2 = 25 × (f(2))2 = 25 × 36
f(50) = 30 Ans.
7. Let f(x) be a function with two properties
(i) for any two real number x and y, f(x + y) = x + f(y) and
(ii) f(0) = 2
Find the value of f(100).
160
Sol. f(x + y) = x + f(y) & f(0) = 2
Put x = 100 , y = 0
f(100) = 100 + f(0) = 102 Ans.
8. The period of cos(x + 4x + 9x +....+ n2x) is /7, then n N is equal to :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
2 2 2 2
Sol. Let f(x) = cos ((1 + 2 + 3 + …… + n )x)
n(n 1)(2n 1)
= cos x
6
Period of f(x) =
7
2
= n(n + 1)(2n + 1) = 84
7 n(n 1)(2n 1)
6
n = 3 Ans.
9. Write explicitly, functions of y defined by the following equations and also find the domains of
definition of the given implicit functions :
(a) 10x + 10y = 10 (b) x + |y| = 2y
Sol. (a) 10x + 10y = 10
10y = 10 – 10x
y = log10(10 – 10x) : Domain : 10 – 10x > 0
x<1
(b) x + |y| = 2y
y0 y<0
x + y = 2y x – y = 2y
y=x y = x/3
x ; x 0
y = x
3 ; x 0
1
10. Function f & g are defined by f(x) = sin x, x R ; g(x) = tan x, x R – K
2
where K I. Find
(i) Periods of fog & gof (ii) Range of the function fog and gof
Sol. f(x) = sinx & g(x) = tanx
(i) y = f(g(x)) = sin (tan x)
Period =
y = g(f(x)) = tan (sin x)
Period = 2
(ii) y = f(g(x)) = sin (tan x)
Range [–1, 1]
y = g(f(x)) = tan (sinx) [–1, 1]
Range [–tan1, tan1]
161
ASSIGNMENT (GN BERMAN)
FUNCTION (DOMAIN AND RANGE)
Find the domains of definition of the following functions (1 – 112) ?
1. y 2x x 2
Sol. y 2x x 2
Domain defined when 2x – x2 0
x2 – 2x 0
x(x – 2) 0
+ – +
0 2
hence , x [0, 2]
2. y x 1 x 1
Sol. y x 1 x 1
y (x 1)(x 1)
Domain defined when (x – 1) (x + 1) 0
+ – +
–1 1
hence , x ( – , – 1] [1, )
3. y x 1 6 x
Sol. y x 1 6 x
x 1 defined when x –1 0
x [1, ) ....(i)
6 x defined when 6 – x 0
x –60
x (– , 6) ....(ii)
domain of y (i) (ii)
x [1, 6]
4. y x 2 5x 6
Sol. y x 2 5x 6
domain of y defined when x2 – 5x + 6 0
(x – 3) (x – 2) 0
+ – +
2 3
hence, x ( – , 2] [3, )
162
x3
5. y
5 x
x 3
Sol. Domain of y defined when 0
5x
x 3
0
x 5
+ – +
–3 5
hence , x [– 3, 5)
6. f (x) 2 x 1 x
Sol. f (x) 2 x 1 x
2 x is defined when 2–x0
x–20
x (– , 2] ....(i)
1 x is defined when 1+x0
x–1
x [– 1, ) ....(ii)
Domain of f(x), (i) (ii)
hence , x [– 1, 2]
7. y 4x 2 4x 3
Sol. Domain of y defined when – 4x2 + 4x + 3 0
4x2 – 4x – 3 0
4x2 – 6x + 2x – 3 0
(2x + 1) (2x – 3) 0
+ – +
–1/2 3/2
1 3
hence , x – ,
2 2
8. y 6 7x 3x 2
Sol. y 6 7x 3x 2
Domain of y defined when 6 + 7x – 3x2 0
3x2 – 7x – 6 0
3x2 – 9x + 2x – 6 0
3x(x – 3) + 2(x – 3) 0
(3x + 2) (x – 3) 0
+ – +
–2/3 3
2
x , 3
3
163
1
9. y 2 x
x 1
1
Sol. y 2 x
x 1
1
defined when x–10x1
x 1
x R – {1} ....(i)
2 x defined when 2 + x 0
x [– 2, ) ....(ii)
Domain of y (i) (ii)
hence, x [– 2, 1) (1, )
1
10. y 2
2x 5x 3
1
Sol. Domain of y defined when 2
0
2x 5x 3
1
0
(2x 1) (x 3)
hence, x – , 3,
2
11. f (x) 4x x 3
Sol. Domain of f(x) defined when 4x – x3 0
x3 – 4x 0
x(x2 – 4) 0
x(x +2)(x – 2) 0
– + – +
–2 0 2
x (– , – 2] [0, 2]
12. f (x) 3x x 3
Sol. Domain of f(x) defined when 3x – x3 0
x3 – 3x 0
x(x2 – 3) 0
x x 3 x– 3 0
– + – +
–3 0 3
hence , x – , – 3 0, 3
164
1
13. y 3
x x2
1 1
Sol. y
x x 2 (x 1) (x 2 x 2)
3
Domain of y defined when x 1
hence , x R – {1}
4 3x x 2
14. y
x4
Sol. 4 3x x 2 defined when 4 – 3x – x2 0
x2 + 3x – 4 0
(x + 4) (x – 1) 0
x [– 4, 1]
2
y defined when 4 – 3x – x 0 and x + 4 0
So, Domain of y is (– 4, 1]
3x 7
15. y 6
x 1 2
3x 7
Sol. y 6
x 1 2
y defined when 3x – 7 0 and 6
x 1 2 0
7
x and x + 1 26 = 64
3
x 63
7
hence , x , 63 63,
3
12 x x 2
16. f (x)
x(x 2)
12 x x 2
Sol. f (x)
x(x 2)
f(x) defined when 12 + x – x2 0 and x(x – 2) 0
x2 – x – 12 0 and x 0, 2
(x – 4) (x + 3) 0
x [– 3, 4] and x 0, 2
So,Domain = [– 3, 0) (0, 2) (2, 4]
165
6
17. y 5 x
x
6
Sol. y 5 x
x
6
Domain of y defined when 5 x 0
x
5x x 2 6
0
x
x 2 5x 6
0
x
(x 3) (x 2)
0
x
– + – +
0 2 3
x (– , 0) [2, 3]
18. f (x) x 2 x 20 6 x
Sol. f (x) x 2 x 20 6 x
Domain of f(x) defined when x2 – x – 20 0 and 6 – x 0
(x + 4) (x – 5) 0 and x 6
+ – +
–4 5
x (– , – 4) [5, 6)
x2 x 6
19. f (x)
x2 4
x2 x 6
Sol. f (x)
x2 4
Domain of f(x) defined when x2 + x – 6 0 and x2 – 4 0
(x + 3) (x – 2) 0 x – 2, 2
+ – +
–3 2
x (– , – 3) (2, )
166
x 12 x 2
20. y
x2 9
Sol. Domain of y defined when x + 12 – x2 0 and x2 – 9 0
x2 – x – 12 0 and x ± 3
(x – 4) (x + 3) 0
+ – +
–3 4
x (– 3, 3) (3, 4]
4 x 2
1 1
21. y
2 x 1
Sol. Domain of y defined when 4 – x2 0 and x – 1 0
x2 – 4 0
(x – 2) (x + 2) 0 and x 1
+ – +
–2 2
x [– 2, 1) (1, 2]
17 15x 2x 2
22. y
x3
Sol. y defined when 17 – 15x – 2x2 0 and x + 3 0
2x2 + 15x – 17 0 and x – 3
(2x + 17) (x – 1) 0
+ – +
–17/2 1
17
x – , – 3 – 3,1
2
7x
23. y
4x 2 19x 12
7x
Sol. y
2
4x 19x 12
y is defined when 7 – x 0 and 4x2 – 19x + 12 > 0
x 7 and 4x2 – 16x – 3x + 12 > 0
(4x – 3) (x – 4) > 0
+ – +
0 3/4 4 7
3
x – , 4, 7
4
167
x 2 7x 12
24. y
x 2 2x 3
Sol. y is defined when
x 2 7x 12
0
x 2 2x 3
(x– 4) (x– 3)
0
(x– 3) (x 1)
(x 4)
0
(x 1)
+ – +
–1 4
x (– , –1) 4,
x 2 5x 6
25. y
x 2 6x 8
x 2 5x 6
Sol. Domain of y defined when 0
x 2 6x 8
(x 3) (x 2)
0
(x 4) (x 2)
+ – + – +
–4 –2 2 3
x (– , – 4) (–2, 2] [3, )
26. y x x 2 3x x 2 2
Sol. y x x 2 3x x 2 2
Domain of y defined when x – x2 0 and 3x – x2 – 2 0
x2 – x 0 and x2 – 3x + 2 0
x(x – 1) 0 and (x – 2) (x – 1) 0
x [0, 1] and x [1, 2]
x {1}
1
27. y x 2 x 20
2
x 5x 14
Sol. Domain of y defined when x2 – x – 20 0 and x2 – 5x – 14 > 0
(x – 5) (x + 4) 0 and (x – 7) (x + 2) > 0
x (– , – 4] [5, ) and x (– , – 2 ) (7, )
x (– , – 4] (7, )
168
1
28. y x 2 x 20
2
14 5x x
1
Sol. y x 2 x 20
2
14 5x x
Domain of y defined when 14 + 5x – x2 0 and x2 – x – 20 0
x2 – 5x – 14 0 and (x – 5) (x + 4) 0
(x – 7) (x + 2) < 0 and (x – 5) (x + 4) 0
x (– 2, 7) and x (– , – 4] [5, )
x [5, 7)
x 4 3x 2 x 7
29. y 1
x 4 2x 2 1
x 4 – 3x 2 x 7
Sol. Domain of y defined when –1 0
x 4 – 2x 2 1
x2 x 6
0
x 4 2x 2 1
x2 – x – 6
4 0
x 2x 2 1
(x 3) (x 2)
0
(x 2 1)2
x [– 2, 3] – {1, – 1}
1
30. f (x)
sin x cos 4 x
4
1
Sol. f (x)
sin x cos 4 x
4
1 1 2
f (x) 2
1 2sin x cos 2 x
2
sin 2x 2 – sin 2 2x
1
2
Range of sin22x [0, 1]
f(x) is defined for all value of x so x R
31. f (x) = arcsin 3x
Sol. f (x) sin 1 3x
f(x) is defined when 1 3x 1
so x (, 0]
169
32. f (x) (sin x cos x) 2 1
Sol. f (x) (sin x cos x) 2 1
f (x) sin 2 x cos 2 x 2sin x cos x 1
f (x) sin 2x 1 1
f (x) sin 2x
for sin 2x 0
2x [2n, (2n +1)]
so, domain will be x [n, (2n + 1)/2]
1
cos x
33. y 2
6 35x 6x 2
1
Sol. D1 is given by cos x
2
5
0x ....1st quad. or x 2 ....4th quad., = 3.142
3 3
D2 = 6 + 35x – 6x2 > 0 or 6x2 – 35x – 6 < 0
(6x +1) (x – 6) < 0 – 1/6 < x < 6
D1 D2 = ( 1 / 6 , /3] [5/3, 6]
log3 (x 2 1)
34. y
sin 2 x sin x 0.25
Sol. Given function is y = log3(x2 + 1) /(sin2x – sin x + 0.25)
Wkt, x2 > 0 which implies that x2 + 1 1.
So, the expression in the numerator of the given function
(i.e. log3(x2 + 1)) is always defined for all real values of x.
2
1
now,denominator is sin x
2
1
so, sin x
2
so,domian R n (1) n
6
170
1
35. y
3 log 3 (x 3)
Sol. y is defind when 3 – log3(x – 3) 0 and x – 3 > 0
3 log3(x – 3) and x > 3
27 x – 3
x 30
domain x (3, 30) (30, )
x5
36. y
log(9 x)
x5
Sol. y
log(9 x)
y is defined when x + 5 0, log (9 – x) 0, 9–x>0
x–5 9 – x 1, 9>x
Domain (y) = [– 5, 8) (8, 9) x8
3log 64 x 1
37. f (x) 3
2x 11
3log 64 x 1
Sol. f (x) 3
2x 11
3
y is defined when 3 log64x – 1 0 and 2x – 11 0, 2x 11 0
11 11
3 log64 x 1, x x
2 2
x3 43
x4
11 11
domain (y) = 4, ,
2 2
x2
38. y log 2
x2
x2
Sol. y log 2
x2
x2
y is defined when 0
x2
+ – +
–2 2
Domain (y) = (– , – 2) (2, )
171
x3
39. f (x) log
x 1
x3
Sol. y is defined when 0
x 1
Domain (y) = (– , – 3) (–1, )
40. y log(x 1)
Sol. y log(x 1)
y is defined when log(x + 1) 0 and x + 1 > 0
x+11
x 0 and x > – 1
Domain (y) = [0, )
x 2 8x 7
41. y log .
x2 7
x 2 8x 7
Sol. y log
x2 7
x 2 8x 7
y is defined when 0
x2 7
x 7) (x 1)
0
x2 7
+ – +
–7 –1
Domain (y) = (– , – 7) (– 1, )
42. y 1 x log x 1 .
Sol. y 1 x log x 1
y is defined when 1– x 0 and x+1>0
1x and x>–1
Domain of y = (– 1, 1]
43. y x 1 log 1 x .
Sol. y x 1 log 1 x
y is defined when x + 1 0 and 1 – x > 0
x – 1 and 1 > x
Domain of y = [– 1, 1)
172
44. y = log ((x2 – 3x) (x + 5)).
Sol. y = log [(x2 – 3x) (x + 5)]
for y to be real and defined.
(x2 – 3x) (x + 5) > 0
x(x – 3) (x + 5) > 0
x(x – 3) (x + 5) > 0
Therefore, domain of y is x (– 5, 0) (3, ).
45. y 4x x 2 log 3 (x 2).
Sol. f (x ) 4x x 2
Domain : – 4x – x2 0
x(x – 4) 0
x [0, 4] ....(i)
and x 2 0
x (2, ) ....(ii)
Form equation (i) & (ii)
domain of y is (2,4]
46. y x 2 4x 5 log(x 1).
Sol. y x 2 4x 5 log(x 1)
y is defined when x2 + 4x – 5 0 and x + 1 > 0
(x + 5) (x – 1) 0 and x > – 1
+ – +
–5 1
domain of y = [1, )
47. f (x) log(5x 2 8x 4) x 1.
Sol. log (5x2 – 8x – 4)
5x2 – 8x – 4 > 0
(x – 2)(5x + 2) > 0
2
x – , (2, )
5
and
x+3>0
x>–3
Taking intersection, we get
x (2, )
173
48. y x 2 4x 5 log(x 5).
Sol. y is defind when x 2 4 x 5 0 and x + 5 >0
(x 5)( x 1) 0 and x > 5
x ( , 5) [1, ) and x > 5
hence domain of y is [1, )
log(3 2x x 2 )
49. y
x
log(3 2x x 2 )
Sol. y
x
For y to be real and defined. x must be > 0 x (0, )
3 – 2x – x2 > 0
x2 + 2x – 3 < 0
(x + 3) (x – 1) < 0
Thererfore, x (– 3, 1)
Domain of y is x (0, 1)
3 x
50. y log .
x
3 x
Sol. y log
x
3 x 3 x
y is defined when log 0 and 0
x x
3 x x 3
1 and 0
x x
3 x + – +
1 0
x 0 3
3 2x
0 x (0, 3)
x
2x 3
0
x
+ – +
0 3/2
x (0, 3/2]
domain of y = (0, 3/2]
174
1 2x
51. y log .
x3
1 2x
Sol. y log
x3
1 2x 1 2x
y is defined when log 0 and 0
x 3 x 3
1 2x 2x 1
1 and 0
x 3 x3
12x + – +
1 0
x 3 –3 1/2
3x 2 1
0 x 3, ....(ii)
x3 2
3x 2
0
x3
+ – +
–3 –2/3
x (– 3, – 2/3] ....(i)
equation (i) & (ii)
domain of y = (– 3, – 2/3]
52. f (x) 4 x x log(x 2).
Sol. f (x) 4 x x log(x 2)
f(x) is defined when x – | x | 0 and x+2>0
x|x| x>–2
y = |x|
x
y=
x [0, ) ....(i) x (– 2, ) ....(i)
from equation (i) & (ii)
x [0, )
175
x 2 5x 6
53. y
log(x 10) 2
x 2 5x 6
Sol. y
log(x 10) 2
y is defined when x2 – 5x + 6 ,log (x +10)2 0 and x 10
(x – 3) (x – 2) 0 (x + 10)2 1
x (– , 2] [3, ) ....(i) x – 11, – 9 ....(ii)
from equation (i) & (ii)
domain of y = (– , – 11) (– 11, –10) (– 10, – 9) (– 9, 2] [3, )
log x
54. y .
x 2 2x 63
Sol. For log x
x>0
x2 – 2x – 63 > 0
(x – 9) (x + 7) > 0
x (– , – 7) (9, )
Taking intersection, we get
x (9, )
5x x 2
55. y log .
4
5x x 2
Sol. y log
4
5x x 2 5x x 2
y is defined when log 0 and 0
4 4
5x x 2 x 2 5x
1 and 0
4 4
x 2 5x
1
4
x 2 5x 4
1 and x (0, 5) ....(ii)
4
(x 4) (x 1)
1
4
x [1, 4] ....(i)
from (i) & (ii)
Domain y = [1, 4]
176
56. y (x 2 3x 10) log 2 (x 3).
Sol. The value of (x 3) should be greater than 0 since it is operated by log,
x (3, ) -----(i)
(x 2 3x 10) log 2 (x 3) 0 (since, any value under root is either greater than or equal to 0)
x 2 3x 10 0 (since log2(x – 3)will always be positive or 0 )
x (, 2] [5, ) ......(ii)
Taking intersection of (i) and (ii), Doamin of the function is [5, )
57. f (x) log(1 4 x 2 ).
Sol. y log (1 4 x 2 )
2
y is defined when 1 4 x 0 and 4 –x2 0
1 4 – x2 x2 4
1 > 4 – x2 x [–2, 2] ....(ii)
x2 > 3
x (– , – 3) ( 3, ) ....(i)
from equation (i) & (ii)
domain of y [– 2, – 3) ( 3, 2]
58. y log(5x 2 8x 4) (x 3)0.5 .
Sol. log(5x 2 8x 4)
5x 2 8x 4 0
(x 2)(5x 2) 0
2
x , (2, )
5
And
x 3 0
x 3
Taking intersection, we get
2
x 3, (2, )
5
177
1 5x
59. y .
7x 7
Sol. For f(x) to be defined (i) 1 5x 0 1 5x x 0
and 7 x 7 0
x 1
x (, 1)
Or (ii) 1 5x 0 x 0
& 7 x 7 0 x 1
x [0, )
Thus domain is x (, 1) [0, )
60. y 4x x 2 log(x 2 1).
Sol. y is defind when 4 x x 2 0 and x 2 1 0
x [0, 4] and x (, 1) (1, )
hence domain of y is (1,4]
4x
61. y 1 log(x 1) .
x2
4x
Sol. y 1 log(x 1)
x2
4x
y is defined 1 – log (x – 1) 0 and 0
x2
x4
also x – 1 > 0, 1 log (x – 1) , 0
x2
x4
x > 1 ...(i) 10 x – 1 0
x2
11 x ....(ii) x (– 2, 4] ....(iii)
from equation (i), (ii) & (iii)
domain of y = (1, 4]
x 1
62. y log 0.3 .
x5
x 1 x 1
Sol. log 0.3 0 and 0
x 5 x 5
x 1
1 and x (, 5) (1, )
x5
x 1 x 5
0 .....(ii)
x5
178
6
0
x 5
x [5, ] .....(i)
From (i) & (ii)
x [1, ]
63. y log 0.4 (x x 2 )
2
Sol. y is defined when log 0.4 (x x 2 ) 0 and x x 0
x x2 1
x 2 x 1 0 and x(x 1) 0
xR and x (0,1)
hence, domian is x (0,1)
64. y log 0.3 (x 2 5x 7).
Sol. y is defined when log 0.3 (x 2 5x 7) 0 and x 2 5x 7 0
x 2 5x 7 1 and always positive D < 0
x 2 5x 6 0
(x 3)(x 2) 0
x [2,3]
65. y log 0.5 (x 2 9) 4
Sol. y is defined when log0.5 (x2 9) 4 0 and x 2 9 0
4
1
x2 9 , x2 3
2
x2 25
5 x 5 x ( , 3) (3, )
D(y) [5, 3) (3,5]
x 1 1
66. y log 0.4 2 .
x 5 x 36
x 1 x 1
Sol. y is defined when log 0.4 0, 0 , x 2 36 0
x5 x5
179
x 1
1,
x5
.6
0, (1, ) x 6 ....(iii)
x 5
x [ 5, )
from (i) & (ii) (iii) domain x (1, 6) (6, )
1
67. f (x) log 0.5 ( x 2 x 6) 2
.
x 2x
1
Sol. f (x) log 0.5 ( x 2 x 6) 2
x 2x
f(x) is defined when
log 0.5 ( x 2 x 6) 0, x 2 x 6 0, x 2 2x 0
x 2 x 5 0, x 2 x 6 0 x 0, 2
1 21
x , (x 3)(x 2) 0
2
x ,
1 21 1 21
, ....(i),
x ( 2,3) .....(ii)
2 2
From (i) & (ii)
x
,
1 21 1 21
,
Domain
2 2
log 0.3 (x 1)
68. y .
x 2 2x 8
Sol. y is defined when x 1 0, x 2 2x 8 0, log 0.3 (x 1) 0
x 1, x 2 2x 8 0, (x 1) 1
(x 4)(x 2) 0 x2
x ( 2, 4)
intersection then x [2, 4)
69. f (x) 16x x 5 log 1 (x 2 1).
2
Sol. f(x) is defined when 16x x 5 0 and x 2 1
x(x 4 16) 0 and x ( , 1) (1, ) ...(ii)
180
x(x 2 4)(x 2 4) 0
x(x 2 4) 0
x(x 2)(x 2) 0
x (, 2] [0, 2] ....(i)
from equation (i) & (ii)
x (, 2] (1, 2]
x
70. y log 1 2
.
2
x 1
x x
Sol. y is defined when log 1 x 2 1 0, x 2 1 0
2
x
2
1
x 1
x x2 1 x
2
0, 0
x 1 (x 1)(x 1)
1 5 1 5
x , , ....(i) and x 2 x 1 0, x (1, 0) (1, 0) ....(ii)
2 2
from (i) and (ii)
1 5 1 5
x , 0 ,
2 2
3x 2 18x 29
71. f (x) 4 x 3
26x 17 .
3x 2 18 x 29
Sol. f(x) is defined when 4 x 3
2 6 x 17 0
6x 2 36x 58
2 x 3
26x 17
6x 2 36x 58
6x 17
x 3
x7
0
x 3
x ( , 7] ( 3, )
72. y log 0.5 (3x 8) log 0.5 (x 2 4).
3x 8
Sol. y log 0.5
x2 4
181
3x 8
log 0.5 0
x2 4
As the base is less than 1
3x 8 8
0 2 1 x
x 4 3
also, 3x 8 x 2 4
x 2 3x 4 0 x R
8
Taking intersection , we get x ,
3
73. f (x) 4x x 3 log(x 2 1).
Sol. f(x) is defined when 4x x 3 0, x 2 1 0
x(x 2 4) 0, x 2 1
x(x 2)(x 2) 0 .....(i) and x ( , 1) (1, ) ...(ii)
x (, 2] [0, 2]
hence ,domain is x ( , 2] (1, 2]
1
74. y 4 log 4 16 log8 (x 2 4x 3).
2
Sol. log 8 x 2 4x 3
x 2 4x 3 0
(x 3)(x 1) 0
x ( ,1) (3, )
and to define square root,
1
log 4 16 log 8 (x 2 4x 3) 0
2
2
log 4 4 log8 (x 2 4x 3) 0
2
1 log 8 (x 2 4x 3) 0
x 2 4x 3 8
x 2 4x 5 0
(x 5)(x 1) 0
x [ 1, 5]
Taking intersection of both sets, we get,
x [1,1) (3,5]
182
2 x 1
75. f (x) log 4 2 4 x
x 2
4 2 x 1
Sol. y is defind when 2 x 0 and x > 0
x 2
2 x 4 4 x3 2 4 x 2 x 1 0
3 4
x3 2 4 x 0
Let 4
x a, 3 a 3 2a 0
a 3 2a 3 0
(a 1)(a 2 a 3) 0
a 1
4 x 1 x 1
hence , domian = ( 0 , 1)
3x 4 x
76. y .
2x 2 x 8
3x 4x
Sol. 0
2x 2 x 8
Case I 3x 4 x 0 2x 2 x 8 0
x
3 1 65 1 65
1 x , ,
4 4 4
1 65 1 65
x 0 x , ,
4 4
1 65
x , .....(1)
4
Case II 3x 4 x 0 2x 2 x 8 0
1 65 1 65
x 0 x ,
4 4
1 65
x 0, .....(2)
4
1 65 1 65
hence , domain , 4 0, 4
183
6
77. f (x) log 2 log 1 1 4 2 .
2
x
6
Sol. y log 2 – log 1 1 4 – 2
2 x
6
y is defind when log1 1 4 2 0 x 0 x 0
2 x
6
log 1 1 4 2
2 x
2
6 1 6
1 4 1 4 4
x 2 x
6
4
3 4 x 2 x 16
x
hence ,domian is (0,16)
6x x 2 5
78. y .
5x 2 1
6x x 2 5
Sol. y
5x 2 1
y is defined when 6x x 2 5 0 and 5x 2 1 0
x 2 6x 5 0 and 5x 2 50
(x 5)(x 1) 0 and x 2 0
x [1,5] and x 2
hence, domain of y is [1, 2) (2,5]
x
79. y .
2
x 5x 6
x
Sol. y
x 2 5x 6
y is defined when x 2 5x 6 0
(x 3)(x 2) 0
x , 2 3,
184
80. y x 2 2x 3 log 3 (x 1)
Sol. y x 2 2x 3 log 3 (x 1)
y is defined when x 2 2x 3 0 and x 1 0
x 2 2x 3 0
(x 3)(x 1) 0
x 1,3 and x 1,
Hence, domain x (1,3]
x
81. y log – x – 3.
x–2
x
Sol. y log – x–3
x–2
x
y is defined when 0 and x 3 0
x2
x (, 0) (2, ) and x [3, )
Hence, domain of y is x [3, )
x 2 – 2x
82. f (x) .
log 5 (x –1)
x 2 – 2x
Sol. f (x)
log 5 (x –1)
f(x) is defined when x 2 2x 0 and log 5 (x 1) 0, x 1 0
x(x 2) 0 and x 1 1, x 1
x ( , 0] [2, ) x 2
Hence, domain f(x) is (2, )
83. f (x) = log2x–5 (x2 – 3x – 10).
Sol. f (x) = log2x–5 (x2 – 3x – 10)
f(x) is defined when x 2 3x 10 0 and 2x 5 1
(x 5)(x 2) 0 x3
x ( , 2) (5, )
Hence, domain is (5, )
185
2
6 (x –2)
84. f (x) 4x 8 3 – 52 – 22(x –1) .
2
Sol. f(x) is defined when 4x 8 3 (x 2) 52 22(x 1) 0
22 x 22 x 4 22 x 2 52
1 1
22 x 1 52
16 4
22 x 64 26 2 x 6
hence ,domian is [3, )
1
2 – f ' (x) 2 where f (x) 1 x 3 – 3 x 2 – 2x 3 .
85. y log1.7 ,
x 1 3 2 2
1
2 (x 2 3x 2) 2
Sol. y log1.7
x 1
1
4 3x x 2 2
y log1.7
x 1
4 3x x 2
y is defined when 0
x 1
x 2 3x 4
0
x 1
(x 4)(x 1)
0
(x 1)
(x 4) 0 and x 1
Domain of y is x ( , 1) ( 1, 4)
log 0.3 | x – 2 |
86. y .
|x|
log 0.3 x 2
Sol. y is defined when 0 and x 0, x 2 0
x
x 2 1 and x ( , 2) (2, ) ....(ii)
1 x 2 1
1 x 3 .....(i)
Equation (i) & (ii)
x (1, 2) (2,3]
186
87. y 6 x x 2 – 2x 3 .
Sol. y 6 x x 2 – 2x 3
y is defined when x x 2 2x 3 0
x(x 1 2x 2 ) 0
x(2x 2 x 1) 0
x(2x 2 2x x 1) 0
x(2x 1)(x 1) 0
– + – +
– 21 0 1
1
Domain (y) , [0,1]
2
x
88. y x–4– log (39 – x).
x –5
x
Sol. y x–4– log (39 – x)
x –5
y is defined when x 4 0, x 5 0, 39 x 0
x 4 , x 5 ,39 x
x [4, 5) (5,39)
89. y = log (1 – log (x2 – 5x + 16)).
Sol. y is defined when 1 log x 2 5x 16 0 and x 2 5x 16 0
1 log x 2 5x 16 D 0 x R ...(ii)
10 x 2 5x 16
x 2 5x 6 0
(x 3)(x 2) 0
x (2,3) ...(i)
from equation (i) & (ii)
x (2,3)
187
3x –1
90. y log 0.5 – log 2 .
3x 2
3x 1 3x 1
Sol. y is defined when log 2 0 and 0
3x 2 3x 2
1
3x 1 x
log 2 0 and 3
0
3x 2 2
x
3
3x 1 2 1
1 and x , , ....(ii)
3x 2 3 3
(3x 1) (3x 2)
0
3x 2
3
0
3x 2
3
0
3x 2
2
x , ....(i)
3
from equation (i) & (ii)
1
domain ,
3
91. y log log x – log (4 – log x) – log 3.
Sol. y is defined when log(log x) log(4 log x) log 3 0, log x 0
4 log x 0, x 0
log x
log 0, x 1, 4 log x, x0
(4 log x)3
log x
1, x 1, 104 x, x 0
12 3log x
Case (i) 12 3log3 0
log x 12 3log x
log x 3
x 10 3
and (ii) 3log x 12 x 104
Hence domain [103 ,104 ]
188
92. y log x –2 (x 2 – 8x 15) .
Sol. y log x –2 (x 2 – 8x 15)
y is defined when log x 2 x 2 8x 15 0, x 2 1 and x 2 8x 15 0
x 2 8x 15 1, x 3 and (x 5)(x 3) 0
x 2 8x 14 0
x 4 2 x 4 2 0, x 3 , x ,3 5,
Hence, domain of y is 4 2,3 4 2,
93. y log 8–2 log x – 3 42–log x
Sol. y log 8–2 log x – 3 42–log x
y is defined when 82log x 3 42log x 0
2 log x 3 2 log x 2
8 4
863log x 44 2log x
1 3log x 1
6
8 44 2log x
8 4
83log x 4 2log x 44 86
3log x 6 and 2 log x 4
log x 2 and log x 2
x 102 x 102
domain (100, )
2 log x 1
94. y log100x .
–x
2 log x 1
Sol. y is defined when 0, 100x 1, x 0
x
2 log x 1 1
0, x , x0
x 100
x 0,101/ 2 , x 102
Hence, domain x 0,102 10 2 ,10 1/ 2
189
1
95. y log 2 – log 1 1 4 –1 .
2
x
1
Sol. y log 2 – log 1 1 4 –1
2 x
1
y is defind when log1 1 4 1 0 x 0 x 0
2 x
1
log 1 1 4 1
2 x
1
1 1 1
1 4 1 4 2
x 2 x
1
4
1 4 x 1 x 1
x
hence , domian is (0,1)
96. y = log|x| – 4 2.
Sol. y = log|x| – 4 2
y is defiend when x 5 and x 4
x 5, 5 x 4, 4
domain x (, 5) (5, 4) (4, 5) (5, )
97. y sin x 16 – x 2 .
Sol. y sin x 16 – x 2
y is defined when sinx 0 and 16 x 2 0
x [ 4, ] and x 2 16
[0, ] x [4, 4]
.....(i) .....(ii)
from equation (i) & (ii)
x [ 4, ] [0, ]
98. y = log (log2 x – 5 log x + 6)
Sol. y = log (log2 x – 5 log x + 6)
y is defined when log 2 x 5log x 6 0
(log x 3)(log x 2) 0
log x (, 2) (3, )
x (0,102 ) (103 , )
190
x 1
99. y log 1
2
3x 5
x 1 x 1
Sol. y is defined when log 1 3x 5 0 and 0
2 3x 5
x 1 5
1 and x , (1, )
3x 5 3
2x 6
0 .....(i)
3x 5
x 3
0
3x 5
5
x , 3 , .....(ii)
3
for equation (i) & (ii)
5
x , (1, )
3
100. y log sin(x 3) 16 x 2
Sol. y is defined when sin(x 3) 0,16 x 2 0
, x 2 16
x [ 4, 4] ...(i)
2n x 3 2n 1
2n 3 x 3 (2n 1) ...(ii)
From equation (i) & (ii)
domain y is (3 2,3 ) (3, 4]
log x
101. y
x 2 2x 63
Sol. y is defined when x 0 and x 2 2x 63 0
(x 9)(x 7) 0
x (0, ) x ( , 7) (9, )
....(i) .....(ii)
from equation (i) & (ii)
x (9, )
191
x3
102. y arcsin log(4 x)
2
x3
Sol. y arcsin log(4 x)
2
x 3
y is defined when 1 1 and 4x 0
2
2 x 3 2 and x4
1 x 5
hence, domain x [1, 4)
3 2x
103. y 3 x arcsin
5
3 2x
Sol. y 3 x arcsin
5
3 2x
y is defined when 3 x 0 and 1 1
5
x3 and 5 3 2x 5
x ( ,3] and 5 2x 3 5
....(i) and 1 x 4
x [1, 4] .....(ii)
from equation (i) & (ii)
x [1,3]
x 2 2x 3
log(0.5 x )
4x 2 4x 3
104. y (x 0.5)
x 2 2x 3
log(0.5 x )
4x 2 4x 3
Sol. y (x 0.5)
x 2 2x 3
y 2
4x 4x 3
2 1
y is defined when 4x 4x 3 0, x
2
4x 2 6x 2x 3 0
(2x 1)(2x 3) 0
1 3
x ,
2 2
1 1 3
so domain R , ,
2 2 2
192
2 log x 2
105. y log100x
x
2 log x 2
Sol. y log100x
x
2 log x 2
y is defined when 100x 1 , 0, x 0
x
2 log x 2
x 10 2 , 0
x
x 10 2 x 0,10 1 ,
so, domain (0,102 ) (102 ,101 )
2x 1
106. y arccos
2 2x
2x 1
Sol. y arccos
2 2x
2x 1
y is defind when 1 1 , x 0 and x > 0
2 2x
2 2x 2x 1 2 2x
2 2x 2x 1 and 2x 1 2 2x
4x2 4x 1 0 and 4x2 4x 1 0
1
inequality hold when 4x 2 4x 1 0 x =
2
hence , D(y) {1/ 2}
2
107. y arccos
2 sin x
2
Sol. y arccos ,
2 sin x
2
1 1
2 sin x
2 sin x 2 and 2 2 sin x
sin x 4, sin x 0
This verifies for all x x 2n, (2n 1)
hence , D(y) {[2n, (2n 1)] | n z}
193
108. y 3sin x 1
Sol. y is defined when 3sin x 1 0
1
sinx
3
1 1
x 2n sin 1 ; 2n 1 sin 1 ,n z
3 3
x
109. y 2sin
2
Sol. y is defind when
x
2 sin 0
2
x
sin 0
2
x 4n, 2 2n 1 | n z
1
110. y
4 cos x 1
Sol. 4 cos x 1 0
1
cos x
4
1 1
x (2n 1) cos 1 , (2n 1) cos 1
4 4
111. y 2 cos 2 x 3cos x 1
Sol. y 2 cos 2
x 3cos x 1
let cosx = P
then, y 2P 2
3P 1
2P 1 P 1 0
1/ 2 P 1
domain of function,
1/ 2 cos x 1
2n / 3 x 2n / 3
194
112. y sin 2 x sin x
Sol. y is defind when sin 2 x sin x 0
sin 2 x sin x
sin x(sin x 1) 0
sin 2 x sin x when x (4n 1) 2 , n z
sin 2 x sin x when x [(2n 1) , 2(n 1)]
hence, domain D(y) {(4n 1) / 2 | n z} {[ (2m 1), 2(m 1)] | m z}
Find the domains of definition and the ranges of the following functions (113 – 120).
x
113. y
|x|
x
Sol. y
|x|
Domain of y is R –{0}
1, x 0
Range of y 1, x 0
Range {1, 1}
114. f (x) x x 2
Sol. f (x) x x 2
f(x) is defined when x x 2 0
x2 x 0
x(x 1) 0
x [0,1]
1 1
f (x) x 2 x
4 4
2
1 1
f (x) x
4 2
1 1
max. value when x f (x)
2 2
1
Hance,range is 0,
2
195
115. y 3x 2 4x 5
Sol. y 3x 2 4x 5
y is defined when 3x 2 4x 5 0
always greater then equal to zero because
D<0
2
2 4
y 3x 5
3 3
2
2 11
y 3x 3
3
2 11
Least value when x y
3 3
11
hence, range is 3 ,
116. y = log (3x2 – 4x + 5)
Sol. y = log (3x2 – 4x + 5)
y is defined when 3x 2 4x 5 0 is always positive because D < 0, so domain of y is R.
2
2 11
y lof 3x 3
3
11
Hence, range is log ,
3
117. y = log (5x2 – 8x + 4)
Sol. y = log (5x2 – 8x + 4)
y is defined when 5x 2 8x 4 0 is always positive because D > 0, so domain of y is R
2
4 16
y log 5x 5 4
5
2
4 4
y log 5x
5 5
4
Hance, range is log ,
5
196
118. f (x) x 1 2 3 x
Sol. f (x) x 1 2 3 x
f (x) is defined when x 1 0 and 3 x 0
x 1 and 3 x
x [1, 3]
1 1
y' 2 ( 1)
2 x 1 2 3x
3 x 1 x 1
y' 0 0
4 (x 1)(3 x)
3 x 2 x 1
3 x 4(x 1) 4x 4
7
x
5
7
Put x , y 10 max
5
Put x 3, y 2 min
Range 2, 10
sin x cos x 3 2
119. f (x) log 2
2
sin x cos x 3 2
Sol. f (x) log 2
2
sin x cos x 3 2
Doamin when 0
2
sin x cos x 3 2 0
sin x cos x 3 2
2 sin x cos x 2
so, x R
for any, f (x) log 2 sin 1 3
4
1 sin x 1
4
197
Put sin x 1 f (x) 1
4
Put sin x 1 f (x) 2
4
hence, range = [1,2]
120. f (x) 2 x 1 x
Sol. f (x) 2 x 1 x
f(x) is defined when 2 x 0 and 1 x 0
x 2 and x 1
x [1, 2]
for range y 2 x 1 x
y 2 2 x 1 x 2 (2 x)(1 x)
y 2 3 2 (x 2 x 2)
2 2
3 1
y2 3 2 x
2 2
3
y 2 3 2 0,
2
y 2 3 [0,3]
y 2 [3, 6]
y 3, 6
198
Function Solved Exercise – 1
1. Find the domains of definitions of the following functions:
(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)
1
(i)
f (x) = log2 log1/2 1 + log10 log10 x log10 4 log10 x log10 3
x
sin 100
1 1 1
(ii) f (x) = + log1 – {x}(x2 – 3x + 10) + +
[x] 2 | x | sec(sin x)
1
7
(iii) f (x) = (5x 6 x ) ln x +
2
(7x 5 2x ) 2
+ ln x
2
(iv) f (x) = log 1
x 2 x 6 16x C2x 1 20 3x
P2x 5
x x
3
(v) f (x) = log10 log|sin x| (x 2 8x 23)
log 2 | sin x |
Sol. (i) Let g(x) log10 (log10 x) log10 (4 log10 x) log10 3
Domain :-
x0
log10 x 0 x 1
4 log10 x 0 x 104
log10(log10x) – log10(4 – log10x) – log103 0
log10 x log10 x
log10 0 1
(4 log10 x)3 (4 log10 x)3
log10 x
3
4 log10 x
log10 x log x 3
3 0 10 0
4 log10 x log10 x 4
3 4
3 log10x < 4 10 x <10
Domain of g(x) is x [1000, 10000)
xo
New, let h(x) log 2 log 2 1 cosec
100
199
x
h(x) log 2 log 2 1 cosec
18000
For finding the domain of f(x), we have to take intersection of domain of g(x) & h(x) and for
x [1000, 100000)
x 10 x
, cosec 1
18000 18 18 18000
Domain of f(x) is x [1000, 100000)
(ii) Domain:-
1
y [x] 0 x 0,1
[x]
x R 0,1 ….. (1)
2
y = log1-{x}(x – 3x + 10) ; Domain:-
x 2 3x 10 0 xR
1 x 0 x 1
1 x 1 x 0
xR–I …… (2)
1
y ; Domain:-
2 | x |
2 – |x| > 0 |x| < 2
x (–2, 2) …… (3)
1
y ; Domain:-
sec sin x
sec(sin x) > 0 x R …… (4)
{ sin x [–1 1] sec(sin ) > 0}
(1) (2) (3) (4) x (–2, –1) (–1, 0) (1, 2)
200
(iii) y (5x 6 x 2 )[{ln{x}}] ; {x} (0, 1) ; x I
ln {x} (–, 0)
Domain :- x R – I {ln {x}} (0, 1)
[{ln {x}}] = 0
y 7x 5 2x 2
2
Domain :- –2x + 7x – 5 0
2
2x – 7x + 5 0 x [1, 5/2) …… (2)
1
y ; Domain :-
7
ln x
2
7 / 2 x 0
x (, 7 / 2) {5 / 2}
7 / 2 x 1 ..….(3)
(1) (2) (3) x (1, 2) (2, 5/2)
16-x
(iv) y= C2x–1 Domain :-
16 x N
2x 1 N
16 x 2x 1
16 x 1 x 15
1 17
2x 1 0 x 1/ 2 x ,
2 3
3x 17 17
x
3
x = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} …… (1)
20–3x
y= P2x–5 Domain :-
20 3x 1
2x 5 0
20 3x 2x 5
201
x 19 / 3
5
x 5/ 2 x ,5
2
x5
x = {3, 4, 5} …… (2)
y log 1 x2 x 6
x x
| x x 6 | 0
2
x R 2,3
1
Domain :- x x 0 x0
xR
1
x 1
x
x (0, ) – {–2, 3} …… (3)
(1) (2) (3) x {4, 5}
(v) Domain :-
x 2 8x 23 0 xR
| sin x | 0 x R n
| sin x | 1 x R (4 1) / 2
2
log|sin x| (x – 8x + 23) – 3 log|sin x| 2 > 0
x 2 8x 23
log|sin x| 0
8
x 2 8x 23
1 { 0 < |sin x| < 1}
8
2
x – 8 x + 15 < 0 x (3, 5)
3
Domain of f(x) is x (3,5) ,
2
2. Find the domain & range of the following functions.
(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)
(i) y = 2 x 1 x
(ii) f (x) = log(cosec x - 1) (2 [sin x] [sin x]2)
202
x 4 3
(iii) f (x) =
x 5
Sol.(i) y 2 x 1 x
2 x 0
Domain :- x [1, 2]
1 x 0
Now,
y 2 x 1 x
Square, y 2 x 1 x 2 (2 x)(1 x)
2
9
2
y2 3 2 x 1
4 2
Domain is x [–1, 2]
9 1
y2max 3 2 , when x
4 2
=6
ymax 6
and,
9 9
y2min 3 2 , when x 2
4 4
=3
ymin 3
Range is y [ 3, 6]
2
(ii) f(x) = log(cosec x – 1) (2 – [sin x] – [sin x] )
Domain:-
cosec x 1 0
cosec x > 1 and cosec x 2
cosec x 1 1
sin x 1 1
0 and sin x
sin x 2
203
x (0, ) – {/6, /2, 5/6} …. (1)
2
2 – [sin x] – [sin x] > 0
2
[sin x] + [sin x] – 2 < 0
–2 < [sin x] < 1
[sin x] = –1 or [sin x] = 0
–1 sin x 0 or 0 sin x < 1
x
O 2
–1
x [0, 2] – {/2} …. (2)
(1) (2) x (0, ) – {/6, /2, 5/6}
In general domain is,
5
x 2n, 2n 1 2n , 2n , 2n ; n I
6 2 6
2
Now, y = log(cosec x – 1) (2 – [sin x] – [sin x] )
for x (0, ) – {/6, /2, 5/6}
[sin x] = 0
& cosec x (0, ) – {1}
204
Range is y loga 2 ; a (0, ) – {1}
y (–, ) – {0}
x 4 3
(iii) f (x)
x 5
Domain :-
x 4 0
x [4, ) {5}
x 5 0
x 4 3 x4 3
Now, y
x 5 x4 3
x 49 1
y
(x 5)( x 4 3) x4 3
1 1
y 0, ; at x = 5, y = 1/6
3 6
3. (a) Draw graphs of the following function, where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function.
(i) f (x) = x + [x] (ii) y = (x)[x] where x = [x] + (x) & x > 0 & x 3
(iii) y = sgn [x] (iv) sgn (x x)
Sol.(a) (i)
y
x 2 ; x [2, 1) 4
x 1 ; x [1, 0)
3
f (x) x ; x [0,1) 2
x 1 ; x [1, 2)
1
x 2 ; x [2,3) x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
[x]
(a) (ii) y = (x) ; x = [x] + (x) (x) = x – [x]
[x]
y = (x – [x]) ; x (0, 3]
205
x0 1 ; x (0,1)
(x 1) ; x [1, 2)
1
(x 2) ; x [2,3)
2
(3 3) 0 x 3
3
;
(a) (iii) y = sgn [x]
1;[x] 0 x [1, )
y sgn([x]) 0;[x] 0 x [0,1)
1;[x] 0 x (, 1]
y
x
O 1
–1
(a) (iv) y = sgn (x – |x|)
sgn(0) 0 ; x 0
y sgn(x | x |)
sgn(2x) 1 ; x 0
x
O
–1
206
(b) Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical ?
(where [x] denotes greatest integer and {x} denotes fractional part function)
(i) f (x) = sgn (x2 – 3x + 4) and g (x) = e[{x}]
1 cos 2x
(ii) f (x) = and g (x) = tan x
1 cos 2x
(iii) f (x) = ln(1 + x) + ln(1 – x) and g (x) = ln(1 – x2)
cos x 1 sin x
(iv) f (x) = and g (x) =
1 sin x cos x
Sol. (b) (i)
2
f(x) =sgn (x – 3x + 4) ; Discriminant of
2
f(x) = 1 ; xR x – 3x + 4 is D = – 7 < 0
2
x – 3x + 4 > 0 x R
[{x}]
g(x) = e ; x R, 0 {x} < 1
0
g(x) = e = 1 [{x}] = 0
g(x) = 1 ; xR
Domain of f(x) & g(x) are equal and f(x) = g(x) x R
f(x) & g(x) are identical.
1 cos 2x
(b) (ii) f (x)
1 cos 2x
1 cos 2x
Domain :- 0 and 1+ cos 2x 0
1 cos 2x
2x (2n + 1)
cos 2x 1
0 x (2n + 1)/2 ; n I
cos 2x 1
–1 < cos 2x 1
Domain of f(x) is x R – (2n + 1)/2 ; n I
1 cos 2x 2sin 2 x
f (x) | tan x |
1 cos 2x 2cos2 x
Now, g(x) = tan x
Domain of g(x) is x R – (2n + 1)/2 ; n I
207
range of f(x) range of g(x)
f(x) and g(x) are not identical function.
1 x 0
(b) (iii) f(x) = ln (1 + x) + ln (1 – x) ; Domain :-
1 x 0
= ln ((1 + x) (1 – x)) x (–1, 1)
2
f(x) = ln (1 – x ) ; x (–1, 1)
2 2 2
Now, g(x) = ln (1 – x ) ; Domain :- 1 – x > 0 x – 1 < 0
x (–1, 1)
f(x) and g(x) are identical functions.
cos x
(b) (iv) f (x) ; Domain :- 1 – sin x 0
1 sin x
sin x 1
cos x
f (x) ; x R – (4n + 1)/2 ; n I
1 sin x
1 sin x
Now, g(x) ; Domain :- cos x 0
cos x
x R – (2n + 1)/2 ; n I
Domain of f(x) & g(x) are not equal.
f(x) & g(x) are not identical.
4. Classify the following functions f(x) definzed in R R as injective, surjective, both or none .
x 2 4x 30
(a) f(x) = (b) f(x) = x3 6 x2 + 11x 6 (c) f(x) = (x2 + x + 5) (x2 + x 3)
x 2 8x 18
12(x 1)
Sol.(a) f (x) 1
x 2 8x 18
12( x 2 2x 26)
f '(x)
(x 2 8x 18) 2
12(x 2 2x 26)
(x 2 8x 18)2
208
Maxima & minima occurs
f(x) is many one.
Now, for finding range.
x 2 4x 30
let 2 y
x 8x 18
Range of f(x) is 16 9 3,16 9 3 R
Range co-domain
f(x) is into.
f(x) is neither injective nor surjective.
3 2
(b) f(x) = x – 6x + 11x – 6
= (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)
f(x) is surjective but not injective.
209
2 2
(c) f(x) = (x + x + 5) (x + x – 3)
1 13 1 13
(x 2 x 5) x x
2 2
1 13
f(x) = 0 at x Many – one.
2
f(x) is a biquadratic equation,
Range R Into.
f(x) is neither surjective nor injective.
5. Solve the following problems from (a) to (e) on functional equation.
(a) The function f (x) defined on the real numbers has the property that f f (x) ·1 f (x) = – f (x)
for all x in the domain of f. If the number 3 is in the domain and range of f, compute the value of f
(3).
(b) Suppose f is a real function satisfying f (x + f (x)) = 4 f (x) and f (1) = 4. Find the value of f (21).
Let 'f' be a function defined from R+ R+ . If [ f (xy)]2 = x f (y) for all positive numbers x and
2
(c)
y and f (2) = 6, find the value of f (50).
(d) Let f (x) be a function with two properties
(i) for any two real number x and y, f (x + y) = x + f (y) and (ii) f (0) = 2.
Find the value of f (100).
(e) Let f be a function such that f (3) = 1 and f (3x) = x + f (3x – 3) for all x. Then find the value of f
(300).
ax 8 bx 6 cx 4 dx 2 15x 1
(f) Suppose that f (x) is a function of the form f (x) = (x 0). If
x
f (5) = 2 then find the value of f (– 5).
Sol. 5 (a) f(f(x)) · (1 + f(x)) = – f(x)
Let at x = , f() = 3
Put x = in given equation
f(f()) (1 + f()) = – f()
f(3) (1 + 3) = – 3 f(3) = –3/4
210
(b) f(x + f(x)) = 4f(x) …. (i) and f(1) = 4
Put x = 1 in (i) f(1 + f(1)) = 4f(1)
f(5) = 16
Put x = 5 in (i) f(5 + f(5)) = 4f(5) f(21) = 4 × 16
f(21) = 64
2 2
(c) (f(xy)) = x(f(y)) and f(2) = 6
Put x = 25 & y = 2
2
(f(50)) = 25 × f2(2) = 25 × 36
f(50) = 30 or f(50) = –30
+
Rejected, Co-domain is R
f(50) = 30
(d) f(x + y) = x + f(y) …. (i) and f(0) = 2
Put x = 100 & y = 0 in (i)
f(100) = 100 + f(0) = 100 + 2
f(100) = 102
(e) f(3x) = x + f(3x – 3) …. (i) and f(3) = 1
f(3) = 1
Put x = 2 f(6) = 2 + f(3) = 2 + 1
Put x = 3 f(9) = 3 + f(6) = 3 + 2 + 1
Put x = 4 f(12) = 4 + f(9) = 4 + 3 + 2 +1
Put x = 100 f(300) = 100 + 99 + …… + 3 + 2 + 1
100 101
5050
2
ax8 bx 6 cx 4 dx 2 15x 1
(f) f (x)
x
211
ax8 bx 6 cx 4 dx 2 15x 1
f ( x)
x
f(x) + f(–x) = 30
Put x = 5 f(5) + f(–5) = 30
f(–5) = 30 – 2 = 28
6. Suppose f (x) = sin x and g (x) = 1 – x . Then find the domain and range of the following
functions.
(a) fog (b) gof (c) fof (d) gog
Sol. f(x) = sin x Domain :- x R
g(x) 1 x Domain :- x 0
(a) fog f (g(x)) sin (1 x) ; Domain :- x 0
Range :- [–1, 1]
(b) gof g(f (x)) 1 sin x
Domain :- sin x 0 x [2n, 2n + ] ; n I
Here, 0 sin x 1
Range :- [0, 1]
(c) fof = f(f(x)) = sin (sin x) : Domain :- x R
sin x [–1, 1]
Range :- [sin (–1), sin 1] = [– sin 1, sin 1]
(d) gog g(g(x)) 1 1 x
x0 x 0
Domain :- x [0,1]
1 x 0 x 1
x [0, 1]
Range : [0, 1]
212
5
7. If f(x) = sin²x + sin² x cos x cos x and g 1 , then find (gof) (x).
3 3 4
2 2
Sol. f(x) = sin x + sin (x + /3) + cos x · cos (x + /3)
2
f (x) 1 cos 2 x sin 2 x cos x cos x
3 2 3
1
1 cos 2x cos cos 2x cos
3 3 2 3 3
f(x) = 5/4
(gof)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(5/4) = 1
1 x
8. A function f : R R is such that f = x for all x – 1. Prove the following.
1 x
(a) f f (x) = x (b) f 1 x = – f (x), x 0 (c) f (– x – 2) = – f (x) – 2.
1 x
f x
1 x
Sol.
1 x
1 x 1
1 x
Replace x by f 1 x
1 x 1 x 1 x
1
1 x
1 x 1 x 1 x
f
1 x 1 x 1 x
1 x
f x
1 x
(a) f(f(x)) = x
1 x
1
1 x 1 x
LHS f f x f
1 x 1 x
1
1 x
1 x 1 x
x RHS H.P.
1 x 1 x
213
(b) f(1/x) = – f(x) ; x 0
1 1/ x x 1
LHS f (1/ x)
1 1/ x x 1
1 x
f (x) RHS
1 x
H.P.
(c) f(– x – 2) = – f(x) – 2
1 ( x 2) x 3
LHS f ( x 2)
1 ( x 2) x 1
x 3 2x 2x x 3 2x
x 1 x 1
x 1 2 2x 1 x 2(x 1)
x 1 x 1
1 x
2
1 x
= – f(x) – 2 = RHS H.P.
x
9. (a) Find the formula for the function fogoh, given f (x) = ; g (x) = x10 and h (x) = x + 3. Find also
x 1
the domain of this function. Also compute (fogoh)(–1).
(b)Given F (x) = cos2(x + 9). Find the function f, g, h such that F = fogoh.
x 10
Sol. (a) f (x) , g(x) = x , h(x) = x + 3
x 1
g(h(x))
fogoh f (g(h(x)))
g(h(x)) 1
(h(x))10 (x 3)10
(h(x))10 1 (x 3)10 1
(x 3)10
f (g(h(x))) ; Domain :- x R
(x 3)10 1
(1 3)10 1024
f (g(h(1)))
(1 3) 1 1025
10
2
(b) F(x) = cos (x + 9) & F(x) = f(g(h(x)))
2
f(x) = x
g(x) = cos x
214
h(x) = x + 9
10. If f (x) = max x,1 x for x > 0 where max (a, b) denotes the greater of the two real numbers a
and b. Define the function g(x) = f (x) · f 1 x and plot its graph.
Sol. From graph,
y
y=x
1/ x ; 0 x 1
f (x) y = 1/x
x ; x 1
x
O 1
x ; x 1
f (1/ x)
1/ x ; 0 x 1
g(x) = f(x) · f(1/x)
xx ; x 1
1 1 (Equality at x = 1 can be taking with any interval)
x x ; 0 x 1
x2 ; x 1
g(x) 1
2 ; 0 x 1
x
11. (a) The function f (x) has the property that for each real number x in its domain, 1/x is also in its
domain and f (x) + f 1 x = x. Find the largest set of real numbers that can be in the domain of
f (x)?
(b) Let f (x) = ax 2 bx . Find the set of real values of 'a' for which there is at least one positive real
value of 'b' for which the domain of f and the range of f are the same set.
Sol. (a) f(x) + f(1/x) = x …. (i)
Replace x by 1/x, we get
215
f(1/x) + f(x) = 1/x …. (ii)
From (1) & (2), x = 1/x x=±1
Domain :- x {–1, 1}
(b) f (x) ax 2 bx
2
Domain :- ax + bx 0
+
x(ax + b) 0 ; b R (Given)
case (i) a = 0
Domain :- bx 0 x 0
Now, f (x) bx
For x 0, Range of f(x) is [0, )
Domain of f(x) = Range of f(x)
a=0
case (ii) a > 0
Domain :- x (ax + b) 0
x (-, –b/a] [0, )
But f (x) ax 2 bx can never be – ve.
Domain of f(x) Range of f(x)
case (iii) a < 0
Domain :- x (ax + b) 0
x [0, –b/a]
Now, f (x) ax 2 bx
2
let y = ax + bx Parabola downward
216
b2
for x [0, –b/a], y 0,
4a
b2
Range of f(x) is 0,
4a
For Domain of f(x) = Range of f(x)
b b2
a 4a
b2 b2
Square, a 4
a2 4a
For, Domain of f(x) = Range of f(x)
a = 0, – 4
1 x if x 0 x if x 1
12. f (x) = and g (x) = find (fog)(x) and (gof)(x)
x 2 if x 0 1 x if x 1
Sol. (i) y = f(g(x))
1 g(x) ; g(x) 0
y
(g(x)) ; g(x) 0
2
217
1 ( x) ; 0 x 1 x 2 ; x0
f (g(x)) 1 (1 x) ; x 1 1 x ; 0 x 1
x x 1
( x) x0
2 ;
;
(ii) y =g(f(x))
f (x) ; f (x) 1
y
1 f (x) ; f (x) 1
(x 2 ) ; 0 x 1 x ; x0
g(f (x)) 1 (1 x) ; x 0 x 2
; 0 x 1
1 (x ) ; x 1 1 x ; x 1
2 2
13. Find whether the following functions are even or odd or none
(a) f(x) =
1 2 x 2
2x
x x
(b) f(x) = x 1
e 1 2
(c) f(x) = [(x+1)²]1/3 + [(x 1)²]1/3
x 2n e1/ x e1/ x
(d) f(x) = 2n 2n 1 1/ x 1/ x , x 0 and n N
(x sgn x) e e
Sol. (a) f (x)
1 2 x 2
2x
1 2 2 1
x 2 x 2
f ( x) f (x) Even function.
2 x 2x
x x
(b) f (x) 1
e 1 2
x
x x xe x x xe x x
f ( x) x 1 1 x 1
e 1 2 1 e x
2 e 1 2
218
x(e x 1 1) x 1 x
1 x 1 x 1
e 1
x
2 e 1 2
x x
1 f (x) Even function.
e 1 2
x
2 1/3 2 1/3
(c) f(x) = ((x + 1) ) + ((x – 1) )
2 1/3 2 1/3
f(–x) = ((–x + 1) ) + ((–x – 1) )
2 1/3 2 1/3
= ((x – 1) ) + ((x + 1) )
= f(x) Even function.
x 2n e1/x e1/x
(d) f (x) 2n 1 1/x ; x 0 n N
x 2n sgn x
e e1/x
e1/x e1/x
( x)2n
f ( x) 2n 1 1/x
e1/x
( x)2n sgn ( x) e
(x)2n e1/x e1/x
( 1) e1/x e1/x
x
2n 1
2n
sgn (x)
e1/x e1/x
x 2n
(1) (1) 1/x
2n 1
x 2n sgn x e e1/x
= f(x) Even function.
14.(i) Write explicitly, functions of y defined by the following equations and also find the domains of
definition of the given implicit functions :
(a) 10x + 10y = 10 (b) x + y= 2y
(ii) The function f(x) is defined on the interval [0,1]. Find the domain of definition of the functions.
(a) f (sin x) (b) f (2x+3)
(iii) Given that y = f (x) is a function whose domain is [4, 7] and range is [–1, 9]. Find the range and
1
domain of (a) g (x) = f (x) (b) h (x) = f (x – 7)
3
x y
Sol. (i) (a) 10 + 10 = 10
y x
10 = 10 – 10
219
x
y = log10 (10 – 10 )
x x
Domain :- 10 – 10 > 0 = 10 < 10
x<1
(b) x + |y| = 2y
y0 y0 x / 3 ; x 0
y
y x/3 y x x ; x0
Domain :- x R
(ii) Domain of f(x) is [0, 1]
(a) Domain of f(sin x) is
0 sin x 1
x [2n, (2n + 1)] ; n I
(b) Domain of f(2x + 3) is
0 2x + 3 1
3
x , 1
2
(iii) y = f(x) : Domain :- [4, 7] and Range :- [–1, 9]
1
(a) g(x) f (x)
3
1 9 1
Domain :- [4, 7] and Range :- , ,3
3 3 3
(b) h(x) = f(x – 7)
Domain :- 4 x – 7 7 x [11, 14]
Range :- [–1, 9]
220
15. Find the inverse of f (x) = 2log10 x 8 and hence solve the equation f (x) = f–1(x).
Sol. Let y 2log10 x 8
2log10 x y 8
log10x = log2(y – 8)
x = 10 log2(y – 8)
f 1 (x) 10log2 (y8)
–1
Now, f(x) = f (x) = x
2log10 x 8 x
2log10 x x 8
log10 x log10 (x 8)
log10 x log 2 (x 8)
log10 10 log10 2
log10 x log10 10
log10 (x 8) log10 2
logx – 8x = log210 x = 10
16. (a) Suppose that f is an even, periodic function with period 2, and that f (x) = x for all x in the interval
[0, 1]. Find the value of f (3.14).
(b) Find out for what integral values of n the number 3 is a period of the function :
f(x) = cos nx . sin (5/n) x.
Sol. (a) f(x) = x x [0, 1]
f(x) is Even function Graph is symmetric about y-axis
f(x) is periodic with period 2.
f(x) = – x + 4 ; x [3, 4]
221
f(3.14) = – 3.14 + 4 = 0.86
(b) f(x) = cos nx . sin (5/n)x
f(x) is periodic with period 3,
f(x + 3) = f(x)
15 5 5x
cos(3n nx) sin x cos (nx) sin
n n n
This is only possible when,
15
3n I and I
n
n = ±1, ±3, ±5, ±15
17. Let f(x) = ln x and g(x) = x2 – 1
Column-I contains composite functions and column-II contains their domain. Match the entries of
column-I with their corresponding answer is column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) fog (P) (1, )
(B) gof (Q) (–, )
(C) fof (R) (–, –1) (1, )
(D) gog (S) (0, )
2
Sol. f(x) = ln x, g(x) = x – 1
2 2
(A) fog = f(g(x)) = f(x – 1) = ln (x – 1)
2
Domain :- x – 1 > 0
x (–, –1) (1, )
2
(B) gof = g(f(x)) = g(ln x) = (ln x) – 1
Domain :- x > 0
(C) fof = f(f(x)) = f(ln x) = ln(ln x)
Domain :- ln x > 0 x > 1
2 2 2
(D) gog = g(g(x)) = g(x – 1) = (x – 1) – 1
Domain :- x R
222
18. The graph of the function y = f (x) is as follows.
Match the function mentioned in Column-I with the respective graph given in Column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) y = | f (x) | (P)
(B) y = f ( | x | ) (Q)
(C) y = f (– | x | ) (R)
1
(D) y = ( | f (x) | – f (x) ) (S)
2
Sol. (A) y = |f(x)|
223
(B) y = f(|x|)
(C) y = f(–|x|)
y = f(–x) y = f(–|x|)
1 2 –2 –1 1 2
x x
–1 O O
–1 –1
1
(D) y (| f (x) | f (x))
2
224
Function Solved Exercise – 2
1. Let f be a oneone function with domain {x,y,z} and range {1,2,3}. It is given that exactly
one of the following statements is true and the remaining two are false.
f(x) = 1 ; f(y) 1 ; f(z) 2. Determine f1(1)
Sol. f(x) is one-one function.
f (x) 1 True
Case (i) Many one
f (y) 1 False f (y) 1
f(z) 2 False
This case is rejected.
Case (ii) f(x) = 1 False f(x) = 2 or f(x) = 3
f(y) 1 True f(y) = 2 or f(y) = 3
f(z) 2 False f(z) = 2
If f(x) = 3, then f(y) = 3 or f(y) = 2
Many-one
This case is rejected.
Case (iii) f(x) = 1 False f(x) = 2 or f(x) = 3
f(y) 1 False f(y) = 1
f(z) 2 True f(z) = 1 or f(z) = 3
for function to be one-one.
f(x) = 2, f(y) = 3 or f(y) = 3
–1
f (1) = y
2. Let x = log49 + log928
show that [x] = 3, where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
1
Sol. x log 4 9 log9 28 log 2 3 log3 28
2
x log2 3 log3 28
log 2 2 2 log 2 3 log 2 4 1.5 log 2 3 2
Add
&log3 3 3 log3 28 log3 81 1.5 log3 28 2
3 log2 3 log3 28 4 x (3, 4)
[x] = 3
225
3. (a) A function f is defined for all positive integers and satisfies f(1) = 2005 and f(1)+ f(2)+ ... +
f(n) = n2f(n) for all n > 1. Find the value of f(2004).
(b) If a, b are positive real numbers such that a – b = 2, then find the smallest value of the constant
L for which x 2 ax x 2 bx < L for all x > 0.
(c) Let f (x) = x2 + kx ; k is a real number. The set of values of k for which the equation f (x) = 0
and f f ( x) = 0 have same real solution set.
(d) Let P(x) = x6 + ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + dx2 + ex + f be a polynomial such that P(1) = 1 ; P(2) = 2 ;
P(3) = 3; P(4) = 4; P(5) = 5 and P(6) = 6 then find the value of P(7).
(e) Let a and b be real numbers and let f (x) = a sin x + b 3 x + 4, x R. If f log10 (log3 10) =
5 then find the value of f log10 (log10 3) .
Sol. (a) f(1) = 2005
2
f(1) + f(2) + ….. + f(n) = n f(n) ; n > 1
f (1) f (1)
n = 2 f(1) + f(2) = 4f(2) f (2)
3 1 2
f (1) f (1) (1)
n = 3 f(1) + f(2) + f(3) = 9f(3) 8f (3) f (1) f (3)
3 6 1 2 3
f (1) 2005
n 2004 f (2004)
1 2 ..... 2004 (2004) (2005)
2
1
f (2004)
1002
(b) Let f (x) x 2 ax x 2 bx
(a b)x
; ab 2
x ax x bx
2 2
2
; x 0 (given) (a, b R )
1 a / x 1 b / x
2
as x , f (x) 1 L 1
11
2
(c) f(x) = x + kx = 0 x = 0, – K
2
f(f(x)) = (f(x)) + kf(x)
2 2 2
f(f(x)) = (x + kx) + k (x + kx)
2 2
f(f(x)) = (x + kx)(x + kx + k)
2 2
x + kx = 0 or x + kx + k = 0
x = 0, –k This equation has no solution.
Which is also the
Solution of f(x) = 0 D<0
2
k – 4k < 0
k [0, 4] and k = 0 will also be accepted.
k [0, 4)
226
6 5 4 3 2
(d) P(x) = x + a x + bx + cx + dx + ex + f
P(x) – x = (x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3)(x – 4)(x – 5)(x – 6)
Put x = 7
P(7) = 7 + 6.5.4.3.2.1 = 7 + 6! = 727
(e) f (x) a sin x b 3 x 4f (log10 (log 3 10)) 5
f ( ) 5
1
f (log10 (log10 3)) f log10
log3 10
= f [log101 – log10(log310)] = f (–log10(log310)
f(log10(log103)) = f(–) …… (1)
Now, f () a sin b 3 4
f () a sin b 3 4
Add f() + f(–) = 8 f(–) = 8 – 5 = 3 { f() = 5}
from (1)
f(log10(log103)) = f(–) = 3
4. Column I contains functions and column II contains their natural domains. Exactly one entry
of column II matches with exactly one entry of column I.
Column I Column II
x 2 3x 2
(A) g (x) = ln (P) (1, 3) (3, )
x 1
1
(B) h (x) = (Q) (– , 2)
x 1
ln
2
(C) (x) = ln x 2 12 2 x (R)
1
,
2
(S) [–3, –1) [1, )
x 2 3x 2
Sol. (A) g(x) ln
x 1
x 2 3x 2
Domain :- ln 0
x 1
x 2 3x 2 x 2 3x 2 x 1
1 0
x 1 x 1
227
x 2 2x 3
0
x 1
x 3 x 1 0
x 1
x [–3, –1) [1, ) option (S)
1
(B) h(x)
x 1
ln
2
x 1 x 1
0
2
Domain :-
x 1
1 x 3
2
x (1, ) – {3} option (P)
(C) (x) ln x 2 12 2x
x 2 12 0
Domain :– xR
x 2 12 2x 0
and
x 0 x < 0
ᴖ
square, ᴖ x R
2 2
x + 12 > 4x x (–, 0) … (2)
2
x –4<0
x (–2, 2)
x [0, 2) … (1)
(1) (2) x (–, 2) option (Q)
5. Let [x] = the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If all the values of x such that the product
1 1
x 2 x 2 is prime, belongs to the set [x1, x2) [x3, x4), find the value of
x12 x22 x32 x42
1 1 1 1
Sol. Let y x x x x 1 Prime No.
2 2 2 2
1 1
Case (i) x 1 & x 2 1 Prime.
2
1
x [1, 2) 2 = Prime.
2
3 5
x ,
2 2
228
3 5
x , …. (1)
2 2
1 1
Case (ii) x 1 1 & x 2 (prime)
2
1
x 2
2
1
x [2, 1) –2 = –(Prime)
2
3 1
x ,
2 2
3 1
x , …. (2)
2 2
From (1) & (2)
3 1 3 5
x , ,
2 2 2 2
9 1 9 25
x12 x 22 x 32 x 42 11
4 4 4 4
6. Suppose p(x) is a polynomial with integer coefficients. The remainder when p(x) is divided by
x – 1 is 1 and the remainder when p(x) is divided by x – 4 is 10. If r (x) is the remainder when
p(x) is divided by (x – 1)(x – 4), find the value of r (2006).
Sol. Remainder when P(x) is divided by (x – 1) is 1 P(1) = 1
Remainder when P(x) is divided by (x – 4) is 10 P(4) = 10
r(x) be the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x – 1) (x – 4).
Let r(x) = ax + b and Q(x) be the Quotient
P(x) = (x – 1) (x – 4) · Q(x) + r(x)
P(x) = (x – 1) (x – 4) · Q(x) + (ax + b)
P(1) = 1 a+b=1
P(4) = 10 4a + b = 10
On solving, a = 3
b = –2
r(x) = 3x – 2
r(2006) = 3 × 2006 – 2 = 6016
229
1
|ln{ x }|
e {x} |ln{ x }|
where ever it exists
7. Prove that the function defined as , f (x) =
{x} otherwise , then
f (x) is odd as well as even. (where {x} denotes the fractional part function )
1
1/2
Sol. f (x) e |ln{x}| {x} |ln{x}| ; xI
{x} 0 ; xI
when x I
|ln{x}|
f (x) e |ln{x}|
{x} |ln{x}|
ve
log{x} e |ln{x}|
f (x) e |ln{x}|
{x}
e |ln{x}|
e |ln{x}|
f(x) = 0
f(x) = 0 x R
f(x) is even as well as even.
1 1 x
8. In a function 2 f(x) + xf 2f 2 sin x = 4 cos2 + x cos
x
4 2 x
Prove that (i) f(2) + f(1/2) = 1 and (ii) f(2) + f(1) = 0
1 1 1
Sol. 2f (x) xf 2f 2 sin x cos x
x 2 2
x
4 cos 2 x cos
2 x
1 x
2f (x) x f 2f sin x cos x 4cos 2 x cos
x 2 x
Put x = 1 2f(1) + f(1) – 2f(|–1|) = –1 f(1) = – 1
Put x = 2 2f(2) + f(1/2) – 2f(1) = 4 {f(1) = – 1}
f(2) + f(1/2) = 1 ….. (1)
1 1 1 1 1
Put x 2f f 2 2f 1 4
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
2f f 2 ….. (2)
2 2 2
On solving (1) & (2), we get
1
f (2) 1 and f 0
2
1
f (2) f 1 and f (2) f (1) 0
2
230
9. A function f , defined for all x , y R is such that f (1) = 2 ; f (2) = 8
& f (x + y) k xy = f (x) + 2 y2 , where k is some constant . Find f (x) & show that :
1
f (x + y) f = k for x + y 0.
x y
2
Sol. f(x + y) – kxy = f(x) + 2y
Put x = y = 1 f(2) – k = f(1) + 2
8 – k = 2 + 2 k = 4
2
f(x + y) – 4xy = f(x) + 2y
Now, Put y = 1 – x
2
f(1) – 4x (1 – x) = f(x) + 2(1 – x)
2 2
2 – 4x + 4x = f(x) + 2 – 4 x + 2x
f (x) 2x 2
1 2
f (x y) f 2(x y) 2 4k
x y (x y)2
10. Let f : R R – {3} be a function with the property that there exist T > 0 such that
f ( x) 5
f (x + T) = for every x R. Prove that f (x) is periodic.
f ( x) 3
f (x) 5
Sol. f (x T)
f (x) 3
f (x) 5
5
f (x T) 5 f (x) 3
x x T f (x 2T)
f (x T) 3 f (x) 5 3
f (x) 3
2f (x) 5
f (x 2T)
f (x) 2
2f (x 2T) 5
Again, x x 2T f (x 4T)
f (x 2T) 2
2f (x) 5
2 5
f (x) 2 f (x)
f (x 4T)
2f (x) 5 1
f (x) 2 2
f(x + 4T) = f(x)
f(x) is periodic.
231
11. If f (x) = 1 + x 2 , 0 x 4
g (x) = 2 x , 1 x 3
Then find fog (x) & gof (x) . Draw rough sketch of the graphs of fog (x) & gof (x) .
Sol. f (x) = 1 + x 2 , 0 x 4
g (x) = 2 x , 1 x 3
1 x ; 0 x 2 2 x ; 1 x 0
f x & gx
x 3 ; 2 x 4 2 x ; 0 x 3
Graph of f(x) =
2 f x ;
1 g x 0
g f x
2 f x ;
0 f x 3
2 1 x ; 1 x 2
2 x 3
; 2x3
2 1 x ; 0 x 1
2 x 3 ; 3 x 4
1 x ; 0 x 1
3 x ; 1 x 2
x 1 ; 2 x 3
5 x ; 3 x 4
Graph of g x
1 g x ; 0 g x 2
f g x
g x 3 ; 2 g x 4
1 2 x ; 1 x 0
1 2 x ; 0 x 2
2 x 3 ; x 0
232
1 x ; 1 x 0
1 x ; 0 x 2
1 x ; x0
Graph of f(g(x))
Graph of g(f(x))
12. Let f (x) = x135 + x125 – x115 + x5 + 1. If f (x) is divided by x3 – x then the remainder is some
function of x say g (x). Find the value of g (10).
2
Sol. Let g(x) = a + bx + c
{ f(x) is divided by cubic polynomial}
3
Let Q(x) be Quotient when f(x) is divided by (x – x)
135 125 115 5
Now, f(x) = x + x – x + x + 1
3
f(x) = (x – x) Q(x) + g(x)
2
f(x) = x(x + 1) (x – 1) Q(x) + ax + bx + c
Put x = 0 f(0) = c c = 1
Put x = 1 f(1) = a + b + c a + b + 1 = 3
a + b = 2 ….. (1)
Put x = –1 f(–1) = a – b + c a – b + 1 = –1
a – b = –2 ….. (2)
On solving (1) & (2), a = 0, b = 2
g(x) 2x 1
Put x = 10 g(10) = 21
13. Let {x} & [x] denote the fractional and integral part of a real number x respectively. Solve
4{x}= x + [x]
Sol. 4{x} = x + [x] Let [x] = I & {x} = f
Put x = I + f
233
2I
4f I f I f ….. (1)
3
0f<1
2I 3
0 1 0I
3 2
I=0 or I=1 ; Put in (1)
2
f 0 or f
3
5
x I f 0,
3
9x 1 2 3
14. Let f (x) = then find the value of the sum f + f + f + ....+ f
9 3
x
2006 2006 2006
2005
2006
9x
Sol. f (x)
9x 3
91 x 9 3
f (1 x) 1 x
9 3 9 3 9 x
3 9x
f (x) f (1 x) 1
Now,
1 2 2004 2005
f f ..... f f
2006 2006 2006 2006
1 2 2 1
f f ..... f 1 f 1
2006 2006 2006 2006
1 1 2 2 1003
f f 1 f f 1 ..... f
2006
2006 2006
2006 2006
= 1 + 1 + 1 + …… (1002 times) + f(1/2)
91/2 1
1002 1/2 1002 1002.5
9 3 2
15. Let f (x) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) + 5 where x [–6, 6]. If the range of the function is
[a, b] where a, b N then find the value of (a + b).
Sol. y = (x + 1) (x + 4) (x + 2) (x + 3) + 5
2 2
= (x + 5x + 4) (x + 5x + 6) + 5
2 2
= (x + 5x + 5 – 1) (x + 5x + 5 + 1) + 5
2
2 5 5
Put x + 5x + 5 = t t x
2 4
y = (t – 1) (t + 1) + 5 –6 x 6
2 2 7 5 17
y = t + 4 ; t [0, 5041] x
2 2 2
2
5 289
y [4, 5045] 0 x
2 4
234
2
5 5 5
Range is [4, 5045] x 71
4 2 4
5
a = 4, b = 5045 t ,71
4
a + b = 5049
16. Find a formula for a function g (x) satisfying the following conditions
(a) domain of g is (– , ) (b) range of g is [–2, 8]
(c) g has a period and (d) g (2) = 3
Sol. g(x) = 5 sin (k + 2x – 4) + 3 ; kI
3 4
17. The set of real values of 'x' satisfying the equality + = 5 (where [ ] denotes the
x x
greatest integer function) belongs to the interval a, b c where a, b, c N and b c is in its
lowest form. Find the value of a + b + c + abc.
3 4
Sol. x x 5 x 0 (Must)
3 4
Case (i) 0 & 5
x x
3 4
0 1 & 56
x x
1 1 5 1 3
0 &
x 3 4 x 2
x
3 4
Case (ii) 1 & 4
x x
3 4
1 2 & 4 5
x x
1 1 2 1 5
& 1
3 x 3 x 4
x
3 4
Case (iii) 2 & 3
x x
3 4
2 3 & 3 4
x x
2 1 3 1
1 & 1
3 x 4 x
3 1 4
1 x 1,
4 x 3
3 4
Case (iv) 3 & 2
x x
1 4 1 1 3
1 &
x 3 2 x 4
235
x
3 4
Case (v) 4 & 1
x x
4 1 5 1 1 1
&
3 x 3 4 x 2
x
4
From all the cases, x 1, a = 1, b = 4, c = 3
3
a + b + c + abc = 1 + 4 + 3 + 1 · 4 · 3 = 20
18. f (x) and g (x) are linear function such that for all x, f g( x) and g f ( x) are Identity
functions.
If f (0) = 4 and g (5) = 17, compute f (2006).
Sol. f(g(x)) = g(f(x)) = x
f(x) and g(x) are inverse of each other.
Let f(x) = ax + b
f(0) = 4 b = 4
f(x) = ax + 4 = y (let)
y4
x
a
x 4
g(x) f 1 (x)
a
1 1
g(5) 17 a
a 17
x
f (x) 4
17
2006
f (2006) 4 118 4 122
17
19. A is a point on the circumference of a circle. Chords AB and AC divide the area of the circle
into three equal parts. If the angle BAC is the root of the equation, f (x) = 0 then find f (x).
Sol. Let BAC = x
BOC = 2x
Let radius of circle be ‘r’
Chords AB & AC divides the area of circle into 3 equal parts,
236
Area of arc BACE 1 (r 2 )
3
In AOB,
x OD x
sin OD r sin
2 r 2
x AD x
cos AD r cos
2 r 2
1
Area of OAB (AB) OD
2
1 x x
2r cos r sin
2 2 2
1 2
r sin x = Area of OAC
2
(By symmetry)
Now, Area of arc BOCE 1 2x r 2 x r 2
2
Area of arc BACE = Area of OAB + Area of OAC + Area of arc BOCE
1
3
1 1
r 2 r 2 sin x r 2 sin x x r 2
2 2
sin x x 0
3
f (x) sin x x
3
20. If for all real values of u & v, 2 f(u) cos v = f (u + v) + f (u v), prove that, for all real values
of x.
(i) f (x) + f ( x) = 2a cos x (ii) f ( x) + f( x) = 0
(iii) f ( x) + f (x) = 2b sin x. Deduce that f (x) = a cos x b sin x, a, b are arbitrary
constants.
Sol. 2f() cos = f(u + ) + f(u – )
237
(i) Put u = 0 and = x
2f(0) cos x = f(x) + f(–x)
Put f(0) = a
f(x) + f(–x) = 2a cos x …… (1) Hence Proved.
(ii) Put u x and
2 2
2f x cos f x f x
2 2 2 2 2 2
f( – x) + f(–x) = 0 ……. (2) Hence Proved.
(iii) Put u and x
2 2
2f cos x f x f x
2 2 2 2 2 2
Put f b
2
f( – x) + f(x) = – 2b sin x …… (3) Hence Proved.
(1) – (2) + (3) 2f(x) = 2 a cos x – 2 b sin x
f (x) a cos x bsin x
21. Given X = {1, 2, 3, 4}, find all oneone, onto mappings, f : X X such that,
f (1) = 1 , f (2) 2 and f (4) 4 .
[REE 2000, 3 out of 100]
Sol.
Possible one-one onto mappings are,
(i) f(1) = 1, f(2) = 3, f(3) = 4, f(4) = 2
(ii) f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 3, f(4) = 2
(iii) f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 2, f(4) = 3
238
Function Solved Exercise – 3
4x 3 4x 3
1. The period of the function f(x) = 4 sin4 + 2 cos is :
6 3
2 2
32 33 4 2 4 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 3 3
4x 3 4x 3
Sol. f(x) = 4 sin4 + 2 cos
6 3
2 2
4x 3
Put
6
y 4sin 4 2cos 2 ss
2
1 cos 2
4 2cos 2
2
(1 cos 2) 2cos
2
1 cos2 2
1 cos 4
1
2
3 cos 4 3 1 4x 3
cos 4
6
2
2 2 2 2
3 1 8x 6
cos
3
2
2 2
2 33
Period =
8 / 32 4
1 x
2. If 2f(x – 1) – f = x, then f(x) is :
x
1 1 (1 x)
(A) 2(1 x) (B) 2(x – 1) –
3 (1 x) x
1 1 1
(C) x2 + +4 (D) (x 2)
x2 4 (x 2)
1 x
Sol. 2f(x – 1) – f =x
x
x
x x 1 2f x – f x 1 ….(1)
x 1
x x 1
x 2f – f (x) ….(2)
x 1 x 1 x 1
2 × (1) + (2)
1
3f(x) = 2(x +1) +
x 1
1 1
f (x) 2(x 1)
3 x 1
239
3. If f : R R be a function satisfying f(2x + 3) + f(2x + 7) = 2, x R, then period of f(x)
is :
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16
Sol. f(2x + 3) + f(2x + 7) = 2 ….(1)
xx+2
f(2x+ 7) + f(2x + 11) = 2 ….(2)
(1) – (2) f(2x + 3) – f(2x + 11) = 0
f(2x + 11) = f(2x + 3)
x 3
x
2 2
f(x + 8) = f(x)
f(x) is periodic with period 8
1
4. If 2 < x2 < 3, then the number of positive roots of {x2} = , (where {x} denotes the
x
fractional part of x) is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1
Sol. {x2} =
x
1
x2 2
x
x 2x 1 0
3
(x 1)(x 2 x 1) 0
1 5
x
2
1 5
x = 1.6
2
2(e x e x )(sin x tan x)
5. f(x) = is (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function)
x 2
2 3
(A) an odd function (B) an even function
(C) neither even nor odd (D) both even and odd
Sol. Case i > If x = n, then f(x) = 0 f(x) is even as
Case ii > If xn, then well odd
x
2(e e )(sin x tan x)
x
f(x) =
x
2 2 3
x
2(e e )(sin x tan x)
x
f(x) =
x
1 2
240
2(e x e x )((sin x tan x))
f(– x) =
x
1 2
x
2(e e )(sin x tan x)
x
x
= ; n
x
1 2 1
2(e x e x )(sin x tan x)
=
x
1 2
f(– x) = – f(x) f(x) is odd
from case i > & case ii > ; f(x) is an odd function
6. If f(x + ay, x – ay) = axy, then f(x, y) equals :
x 2 y2 x 2 y2
(A) (B) (C) x2 (D) y2
4 4
Sol. f(x + ay, x – ay) = axy
Put x + ay = m & x – ay = n
mn mn
x & y
2 2a
mn mn m n
2 2
f (m, n) a .
2 2a 4
x y
2 2
f (x, y)
4
7. If f : R R, f(x) = ex, & g : R R, g(x) = 3x – 2, then the value of (fog)–1 (x) is equal to
2 ln x x 3
(A) log(x – 2) (B) (C) log (D) None of these
3 2
Sol. f(x) = e x & g(x) = 3x – 2
fog(x) = f(g(x) =f(3x – 2) = e3x – 2 = y(let)
1
3x – 2 = n y x = (n y + 2)
3
1
fog 2 n x
1
3
x [x]
8. Let f(x) = , then range of f(x) is ([.] = G.I.F.) :
1 [x] x
(A) [0, 1] (B) [0, 1/2] (C) [1/2, 1] (D) [0, 1/2)
x [x] {x} 1
Sol. f (x) 1
1 (x [x]) 1 {x} 1 {x}
1
f (x) 0, Ans. {x} [0, 1)
2
9. If f(x) be a polynomial satisfying f(x) . f(1/x) = f(x ) + f(1/x) and f(4) = 65 then f(6) = ?
241
(A) 176 (B) 217 (C) 289 (D) None of these
1 1
Sol. f(x) f f (x) f
x x
f(x) = 1 ± x n
f(4) = 65 1 + 4n = 65 or 1 – 4n = 65
4n = 64 or 4n = – 64
n=3 ×
f(x) = 1+ x f(6) = 1 + 63 = 217 Ans.
3
10. The range of the function f(x) = sin(cos x) cos(sin x) is :
(A) 1,1 cos1 (B) cos1,1 cos1
(C) cos1,1 sin1 (D) 1,1 sin1
Sol. f(x) = sin (cos x) cos (sin x)
Domain : -
sin(cos x) 0 and cos(sin x) 0
[– 1, 1] [– 1, 1]
but for cos x [– 1, 0), xR
sin(cos x) is – ve
sin(cos x) to be 0 cos x [0, 1)
x [0, /2] and x R
Domain of f(x) is x n, n ; n I
2
Now, f (x) sin (cos x) cos (sin x)
cos (cos x) (– sin x) (– sin (sin x)) cos x
f '(x)
sin (cos x) cos (sin x)
f (x) < 0 x 0,
2
f(x) is decreasing function x 0,
2
Range f , f (0)
2
f(x) cos1,1 sin1
11. Let f(x) = cot(5 3x)(cot(5) cot(3x)) cot 3x 1 , then domain is :
n
(A) R – , n I (B) (2n + 1) , n I
3 6
n n 5 n 5
(C) R – , , n I (D) R – n I
3 3 3
Sol. f (x) cot(5 3x) (cos5 cot 3x) – cot 3x 1
242
Domain : - cot 3x 0 ….(1)
& cot (5 +3x) (cot 5 + cot 3x) – cot 3x 1 0 n
cos(5 3x) sin (5 3x)
1 cot 3x
sin (5 3x) sin 5sin 3x
cos5 cos3x
cot 3x
sin 5 sin 3x
cot 5 cot 3x cot 3x; 5 IVth quadrant
cot 5 cot 3x cot 3x
– ve
0
cot 3x 0 ….(2)
From (1) & (2), cot 3x = 0
3x (2 n 1) x (2 n 1) ; n I
2 6
12. If f(x) is even, periodic function defined for all x R and has period 1, then
1 1 2
(A) f x = f(x) (B) f x f x
2 3 3
(C) f(x + 1) = f(2x + 1) (D) f(0) can not be zero
Sol. f(x) is even and periodic function with period
f(– x) = f(x) & f(x + 1) = f(x)
f(x +1) = f(– x)
2 1 2
xx– f x f x
3 3 3
13. The number of bijective functions f : A A, where A = {1, 2, 3, 4} such that f(1) 3,
f(2) 1, f(3) 4, f(4) 2 is :
(A) 11 (B) 23 (C) 12 (D) 9
Sol. f : A A ; Bijective function
f(1) f(2) 1, f(3) 4, f(4) 2
No. of bijective function = Derangement of 4
1 1 1 1
4! 1
1! 2! 3! 4!
=9
n(n 1)
14. The period of the function, f(x) = [x] + [2x] + [3x] +.....+ [nx] – x, where n N
2
and [] denotes the greatest integer function, is :
1
(A) 1 (B) n (C) (D) Non periodic
n
n (x 1) x
Sol. f(x) = [x] + [2x] +……(nx] –
2
n (n 1)
= (x – {x}) + (2x – {2x}) + …. + (nx – {nx}) – x
2
= – ({n}) + {2x} +….+ {nx})
243
1 1
LCM 1, ,......, 1
2 n
Period = 1
15. Let set A consists of 5 elements and set B consists of 3 elements. Number of functions that
can be defined from A to B which are not surjective is :
(A) 99 (B) 93 (C) 123 (D) None
Sol.
f
a 1
b
c 2
d 3
e
A B
n(A) = 5, n(B) = 3
No. of Into function’s
= 3C2 × 25 – 3C1 × 15
= 3 × 32 – 3 = 93 Ans.
x 3
16. Let f(x) = , x –1. Then f2010(2014) [where fn(x) = fof.....of (x)] is :
x 1 n times
(A) 2010 (B) 4020 (C) 4028 (D) 2014
x 3
Sol. f (x)
x 1
x 3
3
f (x) 3 x 1 x 3
fof (x) f(f(x))
f (x) 1 x 3 1 x 1
x 1
3 x
3
3 x 1 x
fofof(x) = f(f(fx)) = f x
1 x 3 x 1
1 x
fofof (x) fofo......of (x) fofo......f (x)
6 times 9 times
fofo......of (x) x
2010
Multiple of 3
f2010 (x) = x f2010(2014) = 2014
17. Let f(x) = sin x , then
(A) f(x) is periodic with period 2 (B) f(x) is periodic with period
(C) f(x) is periodic with period 42 (D) None of these
Sol. f (x) sin x
244
f(x + T) = f(x) x R for some +ve T
f(x) is non-periodic
18. Let f be a real valued function such that
2002
f (x) + 2f = 3x
x
for all x > 0. The value of f (2), is
(A) 1000 (B) 2000 (C) 3000 (D) 4000
2002
Sol. f (x) 2f 3x ….(1)
x
2002
Replace x
x
2002 3x 2002
f 2f (x) ….(2)
x x
4004
On solving (1) & (2) for f(x), we get f (x) x
x
4004
Put x = 2, f(2) = 2 2000 Ans
2
19. Which one of the following depicts the graph of an odd function?
Sol. Graph of odd function is symmetric about origin, option (D) is correct
x x
20. The period of the function f(x) = sin 2x + sin sin is
3 5
(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 15 (D) 30
x
x
Sol. f (x) sin 2x sin sin
3 5
2 2 2
LCM , ,
2 /3 /5
LCM (1, 6, 10) = 30 Ans.
245
8 8 4 4
21. Given f (x) = and g (x) = then g(x) is
1 x 1 x f (sin x) f (cos x)
(A) periodic with period /2 (B) periodic with period
(C) periodic with period 2 (D) aperiodic
8 8 16 4
Sol. f (x)
1 x 1 x 1 x 2
1 x2
4 4
g(x)
f (sin x) f (cos x)
4 4
1 sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x
4 4
g(x) = |sin x| + |cos x|
which is periodic with period Ans.
2
n
k
22. Suppose, f(x, n) = log x , then the value of x satisfying the equation f(x, 10) = f(x,
k 1 x
11) is
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) none
k n
n
Sol. f (x, n) log x log x k 1
k 1 x k 1
n
f (x, n) log x k n
k 1
f(x, 10) = f(x, 11)
10 11
log x k 10 log x k 11
k 1 k 1
–10 log x 11 11 log x 11 1 x = 11 Ans.
x ln x
23. f(x) = and g(x) = . Then identify the CORRECT statement
ln x x
1 1
(A) and f(x) are identical functions (B) and g(x) are identical functions
g(x) f (x)
1
(C) f(x) . g(x) = 1 x > 0 (D) =1 x>0
f (x) . g(x)
x nx
Sol. f (x) & g(x)
nx x
x0
1 x0
(A) Let y Domain : - nx n
g(x) n x 0 x 1
x
x
x (0, ) – {1}
246
x x0 x0
Let y = f(x) = Domain : - n
nx x 0 x 1
x (0, ) – {1}
1 1 x
Domain of & f(x) are equal and f (x) Identical function.
g(x) g(x) nx
f (x)
24. Let f be a function satisfying f(xy) = for all positive real numbers x and y. If f(30) =
y
20, then the value of f(40) is :
(A) 15 (B) 20 (C) 40 (D) 60
(x)
Sol. f(xy) = f
y
f (10)
Put x = 10, y = 3 f(30) = f(10) = 60
3
f (10) 60
Put x = 10, y = 4 f(40) = 15 Ans
4 4
25. Let f (x) = sin2x + cos4x + 2 and g (x) = cos(cos x) + cos(sin x). Also let period of f (x) and
g (x) be T1 and T2 respectively then
(A) T1 = 2T2 (B) 2T1 = T2 (C) T1 = T2 (D) T1 = 4T2
Sol. f(x) = sin2x + cos4x + 2
LCM (, ) =
But fundamental period can be , /2,/3….
Check f x cos 2 x sin 4 x 2
2
= cos2x + (1 – cos2x)2 + 2
= cos2x + 1 cos4x – 2 cos2x + 2
= cos4x + 1 – cos2x + 2
= cos4x + sin2x + 2 = f(x)
Fundamental Period (T1) =
2
Now g(x) = cos (cos x) cos (sin x)
LCM (2, 2) = 2
But Fundamental period can be 2, , 2/3,/2……
Check : - f(x + ) = cos (– cos x) + cos(– sin x)
= cos (cos x) + cos(sin x) = f(x)
Check : - f x cos (– sin x) cos (cos x)
2
= cos (sin x) + cos(cos x) = f(x)
247
fundamental period (T2) = x/2
T1 = T2 Ans.
2
26. Let f (x) = ; g (x) = cos x and h (x) = x 3 then the range of the composite
x 1
function fogoh, is
(A) R+ (B) R – {0} (C) [1, ) (D) R+ – {1}
2
Sol. f (x) , g(x) cos x, h(x) x 3
x 1
Let y = f (g(h(x))) f(g( x 3)) f(cos x 3)
2
y :Domain: x 3 0
cos ( x 3) 1
1 cos x 3 0
cos ( x 3) 1 (0, 2]
y [1, ) Ans.
If f (x, y) = max(x, y)
min(x,y)
27. and g (x, y) = max(x, y) – min(x, y), then
3
f g 1, , g(4, 1.75) equals
2
(A) – 0.5 (B) 0.5 (C) 1 (D) 1.5
Sol. f(x, y) = (max (x, y))min(x, y) & g(x, y) = max (x, y) – min (x, y)
3 3 3 1
g 1, 1 1
2 2 2 2
g (– 4, 1.75) 1.75 ( 4) 1.75 4 2.25
3 1
f g 1, , g(– 4, 1.75) f , 2.25
2 2
= (2.25)1/2 = 1.5 Ans
28. If the solution set for f (x) < 3 is (0, ) and the solution set for f (x) > – 2 is (– , 5), then
the true solution set for f (x) f (x) + 6, is
2
(A) (– , + ) (B) (– , 0] (C) [0, 5] (D) (– , 0] [5, )
Sol. f(x) < 3 x (0, )
f(x) > – 2 x (– , 5)
(f(x))2 – f(x) – 6 0
f(x) – 3)f(x) +2) 0
f(x) 3 or f(x) – 2
x (– , 0] or x [5, ) x (– , 0] [5, ) Ans.
29. The graph of the function y = g (x) is shown.
248
1
The number of solutions of the equation g ( x) 1 , is
2
(A) 4 (B) 5
(C) 6 (D) 8
Sol.
y = |g(x)|
4
2
–2 –1 0 1 2
y = |g(x)| – 1
3
1
–1
y = ||g(x)| - 1|
3
y = 1/2
x
–1
No. of solution of ||g(x)| – 1| = 1/2
are 8 Ans
30. Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the x and y axis and the graphs of f(x)
9
= x + b and y = f–1(x). If the area of R is 49, then the value of b, is
25
18 22 28
(A) (B) (C) (D) none
5 5 5
Sol.
249
y = f –1 (x)
y
y = f(x)
25b , 25b
(0,b) 16 16
x
O (b, 0) 25b ,
(0, 0) 0
16
0, – 25b
9
9x
f(x) = b
25
9x 25 25
Let b y x y b
25 9 9
25 25b
f 1 (x) x
9 9
Area of shaded region = 49
1 25b 25b 1 25b 9b
b 49
2 16 16 2 16 16
49 16 28
b2 b Ans.
25 5
31. Consider the functions
f:XY and g:YZ
then which of the following is/are incorrect ?
(A) If f and g both are injective then gof : X Z is injective
(B) If f and g both are surjective gof : X Z is surjective
(C) If gof : X Z is bijective then f is injective and g is surjective
(D) none
Sol. (A), (B)
f g
x1 y1 z1
x2 y2 z2
x3 y3 z3
x4 y4 z4
x y z
For g(f(x)) : x z
x = x1 y = g(f(x1)) = g(y1) = z2
x = x2 y = g(f(x2)) = g(y2) = z1
x = x3 y = g(f(x3)) = g(y3) = z3
x = x4 y = g(f(x4)) = g(y4) = z4
we can say that if f & g are one-one then gof is also one-one and if f & g are onto then
gof is also onto.
250
32. Which of the following statements are incorrect ?
I If f(x) and g(x) are one to one then f(x) + g(x) is also one to one
II If f(x) and g(x) are one-one then f(x) . g(x) is also one-one
III If f(x) is odd then it is necessarily one to one
(A) I and II only (B) II and III only (C) III and I only (D) I, II and III
Sol. Let f(x) = x and g(x) = – x be two one-one functions
* f(x) + g(x) = 0, which is many-one function
* f(x) + g(x) = – x2, which is many-one function
I and II are incorrect
Again, for III, Let f(x) = sin x, which is an odd function but it is many-one
III is incorrect.
0 if x is rational 0 if x is irrational
33. Let f (x) = and g (x) =
x if x is irrational x if x is rational
Then the function (f – g) x is
(A) odd (B) even
(C) neither odd nor even (D) odd as well as even
– x; x Q
Sol. Let h(x) = (f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x) =
x ; x Q '
Case-I : x Q h(x) = – x
h(– x) = x = – h(x) odd function
Case-II : x Q h(x) = x
h(– x) = – x – h(x) odd function
From Case-I & II h(– x) = – h(x) x R
h(x) = f(x) – g(x) is an odd function.
34. Let a > 1 be a real number and f(x) = logax2 for x > 0. If f–1 is the inverse function of f and
b and c are real numbers then f–1(b + c) is equal to
1 1
(A) f–1(b) . f–1(c) (B) f–1(b) + f–1(c) (C) (D) 1
f (b c) f (b) f 1 (c)
Sol. f (x) loga x 2 ; x 0
f (x) 2loga x y (Let)
x = ay/2 = g(y)
f –1(x) = g(x) = ax/2
bc
–1
Now, f (b + c) = a 2 a b/2 .a c/2 f 1 (b).f 1 (c)
35. Period of f(x) = nx + n – [nx + n], (n N where [] denotes the greatest integer function is
(A) 1 (B) 1/n (C) n (D) none of these
251
Sol. f(x) = nx + n – [nx + n]
= nx + n – ([nx] + n) ( n N)
= nx – [n]
f(x) = {nx}
Fundamental period = 1/n Ans.
36. Let f(x) = sin [a] x (where [] denotes the greatest integer function). If f is periodic with
fundamental period , then a belongs to :
(A) [2, 3) (B) {4, 5} (C) [4, 5] (D) [4, 5)
Sol. f (x) sin( [a]x )
2
Fundamental Period = (given)
[a]
[a] = 4 a [4, 5) Ans.
37. Given f (x) is a polynomial function of x, satisfying f(x) . f(y) = f(x) + f(y) + f(xy) – 2 and
that f (2) = 5. Then f (3) is equal to
(A) 10 (B) 24 (C) 15 (D) none
Sol. f(x)f(y) = f(x) + f(y) + f(xy) – 2 ….(1)
Put x =1 & y = 2
f(1)f(2) = f(1) + f(2) + f(2) – 2
5f(1) = f(1) + 8 f(1) = 2
Now, y 1/x in (1)
f(x)f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x) + f(1) – 2 { f(1) = 2}
f(x)f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x)
f(x) = xn ± 1
f(2) = 5 f(x) = x2 + 1, f(3) = 9 + 1 = 10 Ans.
38. The function f is one to one and the sum of all the intercepts of the graph is 5. The sum of
all of the graph of y = f–1(x) is
(A) 5 (B) 1/5 (C) 2/5 (D) – 5
Sol. The function is one-one, there exist only one x & y-intercept.
Let a be the y-intercept of the function f(x) f(0) = a but then we have f–1(a) = 0.
a is the x-intercept of f–1(x)
Similarly, the x-intercept of f(x) is the y-intercept of f–1(x)
The sum of intercepts of the function f is same as the sum of intercepts of the function
f–1 which is equal to 5. Ans.
39. The period of the function f(x) = sin(x + 3 – [x + 3]), where [] denotes the greatest integer
function is
252
(A) 2 + 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 3
Sol. f(x) = sin ([x + 3] – [x + 3])
= sin ({x + 3})
= sin ({x})
Fundamental period = 1
40. If f(x) = x2 + bx + c and f(2 + t) = f(2 – t) for all real numbers t, then which of the
following is true ?
(A) f(1) < f(2) < f(4) (B) f(2) < f(1) < f(4) (C) f(2) < f(4) < f(1) (D) f(4) < f(2) < f(1)
Sol. f(2 + t) = f(2 – t) function is symmetric about line x = 2
Ä y
f(4) > f(1) > f(2) Ans.
Ä x
Ä 1 2 3 4
41. The solution set for [x]{x} = 1 where {x} and [x] are fractional part & integral part of x, is
(A) R+ – (0, 1) (B) R+ – {1}
1 1
(C) m m I {0} (D) m m N {1}
m m
Sol. [x] {x} = 1 ; Put x = I + f ; I = [x]
If = 1 f = {x} (0, 1)
1
f ….(1) { If x I, then given equation becomes 0 = 1}
I
0<f<1
1
0 1
I
I > 1 or I < 0
I = 2, 3, 4…. or I = ……, – 3, – 2, – 1
Put in (1)
1 1 1 1 1
f , , ,.... or f ...., , , –1
2 3 4 3 2
Not possible
x=I+f
1 1 1
2 , 3 , 4 ,....
2 3 4
1
x n ; where n N –{1}
n
253
42. If f(x) = px + q and f f f (x) = 8x + 21, where p and q are real numbers, then p + q
equals
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 11
Sol. f(x) = px + q
f(f(f(x))) = 8x + 21
f(f(px + q)) = 8x + 21
f(p(px + q) + q) = 8x + 21
(p(p(px + q) + q) + q = 8x + 21
(p(p2x + pq + q) +q = 8x + 21
p3x + pq(p + 1) + q = 8x + 21
p3 = 8 & pq(p + 1) + q = 21
p = 2 2q(3) + q = 21
7q = 21 q = 3
p + q = 5 Ans.
43. If f(x) = 2 tan 3x + 5 1 cos 6x ; g(x) is a function having the same time period as that of
f(x), then which of the following can be g(x).
(A) (sec2 3x + cosec2 3x)tan2 3x (B) 2sin 3x + 3cos 3x
(C) 2 1 cos2 3x + cosec 3x (D) 3 cosec 3x + 2 tan 3x
Sol. f (x) 2 tan 3x 5 1 cos 6x
2
LCM ,
3 6 3
Fundamental period of f(x) is
3
From options : -
(A) (sec23x + cosec23x)tan23x
LCM , , ; which is period of f(x)
3 3 3 3
option (A) is correct.
8
44. The range of the function y = is
9 x2
8 8 8
(A) (–, ) – {± 3} (B) , (C) 0, (D) (–, 0) ,
9 9 9
8
Sol. y ;x3
9 x2
8 8
9 x 2 x 2 9
y y
254
8 8
x 9 It’s domain is 9 0
y y
9y 8
0
y
8
y (– , 0) , which is range of given function.
9
{x}
45. Range of the function f (x) = where {x} denotes the fractional part function is
1 {x}
1 1 1
(A) [0 , 1) (B) 0, (C) 0, (D) 0,
2 2 2
{x} 1 {x} 1
Sol. f (x)
1 {x} 1 {x}
1
f (x) 1 ; {x} [0, 1)
1 {x}
1
f(x) 0, Ans.
2
46. Given the graphs of the two functions, y = f(x) & y = g(x).
In the adjacent figure from point A on the graph of the
function y = f(x) corresponding to the given value of the
independent variable (say x0), a straight line is drawn
parallel to the X-axis to intersect the bisector of the first and
the third quadrants at point B. From the point B a straight
line parallel to the Y-axis is drawn to intersect the graph of
the function y = g(x) at C. Again a straight line is drawn
from the point C parallel to the X-axis, to intersect the line
NN ' at D. If the straight line NN ' is parallel to Y-axis, then
the co-ordinates of the point D are
(A) (f(x0), g(f(x0))) (B) (x0, g(x0))
(C) (x0, g(f(x0))) (D) (f(x0), f(g (x0)))
Sol. From the figure, A (x0, f(x0))
Equation of AB is y = f(x0)
It intersects the line y = x at point B (f(x0), f(x0))
Now, equation of BC is x = f(x0)
It intersects the curve y = g(x) at point c (f(x0), g(f(x0)))
Again, equation of CD is y = g(f(x0))
It intersects the line x = x0 at D(x0, g(f(x0)))
y y
47. If f x , x = xy then f(m, n) + f(n, m) = 0
8 8
(A) only when m = n (B) only when m n
(C) only when m = – n (D) for all m & n
255
y y
Sol. f x , x xy ….(1)
8 8
y y
Let m x & n = x
8 8
On solving, we get
mn
x & y = 4(m – n)
z
mn
from (1), f (m, n) 4(m – n) 2(m2 n 2 )
2
& f(n, m) = z(n – m2)
2
f(m, n) + f(n, m) = 0 m, n R Ans.
x rx
48. Let f(x) = and let g(x) = . Let S be the set of all real numbers r such that f(g(x))
1 x 1 x
= g(f (x)) for infinitely many real number x. The number of elements in set S is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
Sol. f(g(x)) = g(f(x))
rx x
r
1 x
1 x
1
rx x
1
1 x 1 x
rx rx
rx(1 + rx – x – 1) = 0
1 rx x 1
r(r – 1)x2 = 0 r = 0, 1 Ans.
49. Let [x] denote the greatest integer in x. Then in the interval [0, 3] the number of solutions
of the equation, x2 – 3x + [x] = 0 is
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 0
Sol. x2 – 3x + [x] = 0 ; x [0, 3]
case-I : x [0, 1)
x2 – 3x = 0 0, 3
×
x=0
Case-II : x [1, 2)
x2 – 3x +1 = 0
3 5 3 5
x , x
2 2
× ×
Case-III : x [2, 3)
x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
x = 1, 2
×
256
x=2
Case-IV : x = 3
9 – 9 + 3 = 0 3 = 0 × x
x = 0, 2 Ans.
x3 1
50. The domain of function, satisfying f(x) + f(x–1) = , is
x
(A) An empty set (B) a singleton (C) a finite set (D) an infinite set
1 x 1
3
1
Sol. f (x) f x2 ; x 0
x x x
1 1 1
x f 2 x
x x x
1 1
x 2 2 x
x x
1 1
x x 1 0
x x
x – 1 = 0 or x2 – x + 1 = 0
2
x = ± 1 D<0
Only x = 1, – 1 will satisfy given expression
Domain is x {– 1, 1} Ans.
51. Let f(x) = ([a]2 – 5[a] + 4)x3 – (6{a}2 – 5{a} + 1) x – (tan x)sgn x, be an even function for
all x R, then sum of all possible values of ‘a’ is
(where [ ] and { } denote greatest integer function and fractional part functions
respectively)
17 53 31 35
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 6 3 3
2 3 2
Sol. f(x) = ([a] – 5[a] + 4)x – (6{a} – 5{a} + 1)x – tan xsgn(x)
f(– x) = – ([a]2 – 5[a] + 4) x3 + (6{a}2 – 5{a} + 1) x – tan xsgn(x)
f(x) is an even function
f(– x) = f(x) x R
2([a]2 – 5[a] + 4)x3 – 2(6{a}2 – 5{a} + 1) x = 0 x R
[a]2 – 5[a] + 4 = 0 and 6{a}2 – 5{a} + 1 = 0
[a] = 1, 4 and {a} = 1/2, 1/3
a = [a] + {a}
1 + 1/2, 1 + 1/3, 4 + 1/2, 4+ 1/3
= 3/2, 4/3, 9/2, 13/3
Sum of all possible values of ‘a’.
3 4 9 13 35
Ans.
2 3 2 3 3
k f 4 (k) 2009
52. Let f(k) =
2009
and g(k) =
(1 f (k)) 4 (f (k)) 4
then the sum g(k) is equal :
k 0
(A) 2009 (B) 2008 (C) 1005 (D) 1004
257
k f 4 (k)
Sol. f (k) & g(k)
2009 (1 f(k))4 (f(k))4
k 2009 – k
2009 k
f (2009 k)
2009
________________________add
f (k) f(2009 k) 1 ….(1)
(f(k)) 4
g(k) ; from (1)
(f(2009 k)) 4 (f(k)) 4
k 2009 – k
(f(2009 k)) 4
g(2009 k) Add
(f(k))4 (f(2009 4)) 4
g(k) + g(2009 – k) = 1
2009
g(k) g(0) g(1) g(2) ......g(2007) g(2008) g(2009)
k 0
g(0) g(1) g(2)...... g(2009 2) g(2009 1) g(2009 0)
= 1 + 1 + 1 + ……+ 1 (1005 times)
= 1005 Ans
| sin x | | cos x |
53. The period of the function f(x) = is
| sin x cos x |
(A) /2 (B) /4 (C) (D) 2
| sin x | | cosx | LCM (, )
Sol. f (x)
| sin x cos x | 2
Period is LCM (, 2) =
Fundamental period can be 2, , /2, 2/3……
* If is the period, then
sin x | | cos x | sin x | | cos x |
f (x )
| sin x cos x | | sin x – cos x |
f(x + ) = f(x)
* If /2 is the period, then
| cos x | | – sin x |
f x f (x)
2 | cos x sin x |
Fundamental period is Ans.
54. A function f(x) = 1 2x + x is defined from D1 D2 and is onto. If the set D1 is its
complete domain then the set D2 is
(A) (B) (–, 2) (C) (–, 1) (D) (–, 1]
258
Sol. f (x) 1 2x x : D1 D2
Domain : - 1 – 2x 0 x ½
1
D1 = – ,
2
Now,
Let 1 2x x y
1 2x y x
Square.
1 –2x = y2 + x2 – 2xy
x2 –2(y – 1) x + y2 – 1 = 0
2(y 1) 4(y 1)2 4(y 2 1)
x
2
x (y 1) 2(1 y)
For this to define 2 (1 – y) 0 y 1
Range of f(x) is (– , 1]
For f(x) to be onto Range = co-domain (D2)
D2 = (– , 1] Ans.
55. Which of the following is true for a real valued function y = f (x), defined on [– a, a] ?
(A) f (x) can be expressed as a sum or a difference of two even functions
(B) f (x) can be expressed as a sum or a difference of two odd functions
(C) f (x) can be expressed as a sum or a difference of an odd and an even function
(D) f (x) can never be expressed as a sum or a difference of an odd and an even function
1
Sol. y f (x) (2f(x))
2
1
f (x) f(x) f( x) f( x)
2
f (x) f( x) f (x) f( x)
y
2 2
Even function oddfunction
f (x) f( x) f ( x) f(x)
or y
2 2
Even Function odd function
f(x) can be expressed as a sum or difference of an odd and an even function.
x 1
56. If for all x different from both 1 and 0 we have f1(x) = , f2(x) = , and for all
x 1 1 x
f n 1 f1 (x) if n is odd
integers n 1,we have fn+2(x) = then f4(x) equals
f n 1 f 2 (x) if n is even
(A) x (B) x – 1 (C) f1(x) (D) f2(x)
259
x 1
Sol. f1 (x) & f 2 (x)
x 1 1 x
f n 1 (f1 (x)) ; n is odd
f n 2 (x)
f n 1 (f 2 (x)) ; n is even
1 1
If n = 1 f3 (x) f 2 (f1 (x)) f 2
x 1 1 x
x 1
f3(x) = 1 – x
if n = 2 f4(x) = f3(f2(x)) = 1 – f2(x)
1 1 x 1
1
1 x 1 x
x
f 4 (x) f1 (x) Ans.
x 1
57. Suppose that f(n) is a real valued function whose domain is the set of positive integers and
that f(n) satisfies the following two properties
f(1) = 23 and f(n + 1) = 8 + 3 . f(n), for n 1
It follows that there are constants p, q and r such that f(n) = p . qn – r, for n = 1, 2,.....
then the value of p + q + r is
(A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 20 (D) 26
Sol. f(1) = 23 & f(n + 1) = 8 + 3f(n) ; n 1
* n = 1 f(2) = 8 + 3 f(1) = 8 + 3 × 23 = 77
* n = 2 f(3) = 8 + 3f(2) = 8 + 3 × 77 = 239
Now, f(n) = p qn – r ; n = 1, 2,……
n = 1 f(1) = pq – r = 23 ….(1)
n = 2 f(2) = pq – r = 77
2
.…(2)
n = 3 f(3) = pq – r = 239
3
….(3)
(2)-(1) pq (q – 1) = 54
d Divide q = 3
(3)-(2) pq2(q – 1) = 162
p = 9 Put in (1)
r=4
p = 9, q = 3, r = 4
p + q + r = 16 Ans.
58. The domain of f(x) = x 2 2 x 3 x 2 2 x 3 is
(A) [3, 5] (B) (3, 5) (C) [5, ) (D) [3, )
Sol. f (x) x 2 2 x 3 x 2 2 x 3
Domain
x 3 0 x 3
x 2 2 x 3 0 x 2 2 x 3
x 2 2 x 3 0 x 2 2 x 3 0
Now, for x 3, x – 2 + 2 x 3 0
260
x 2 2 x 3
ve ve
Square, x + 4 – 4x 4x – 12
2
x2 – 8x + 16 0 (x – 4)2 0
xR
Domain : - x [3, ) Ans.
e2x 1 1 2 3 2008
59. If f(x) = , then the value of f f f + ..... + f is
1 e2x 1 2009 2009 2009 2009
(A) 1002.5 (B) 1001.5 (C) 1003 (D) 1004
e2x 1
Sol. f (x)
1 e2x 1
Replace x 1 – x
e2(1x)1 e(2 x 1)
f (1 x)
1 e2(1 x)1 1 e(2 x 1)
1
f (1 x) 2x 1 …..(2)
e 1
(1) + (2) f(x) + f(1 – x) = 1
1 2 2007 2008
f f ....... f f
2009 2009 2009 2009
1 2 2 1
f f ....... f 1 f 1
2009 2009 2009 2009
= 1 + 1 + …….+ 1(1004 times)
= 1004 Ans.
0 ; x 1
60. f(x) =
2x 2 ; x 1
then number of solution(s) to the equation f(f(f(f(x)))) = x
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 0
0 ; 2x – 2 1
Sol. y f (f(x))
2(2 x– 2) – 2 ; 2x – 2 1
0 ; x 3/ 2
y f (f(x))
4x – 6 ; x 3 / 2
0 ; 2x – 2 3 / 2
y f (f(f(x)))
4(2x – 2) – 6 ; 2x – 2 3 / 2
0 ; x 7/4
y f (f(f(x)))
8x –14 ; x 7 / 4
261
0 ; x 2x 2 7 / 4
Now, y f (f(f(f(x))))
8(2x – 2) 14 ; 2x 2 7 / 4
0; x 15 / 8
y f (f(f(f(x))))
16x 30 : x 15 / 8
Ä y=x
Ä y Ä
Ä Ä x
Ä O Ä 15
Ä 8
f(f(f(f(x)))) = x 2 solutions Ans.
Paragraph for question nos. 61 to 64
Let f (x) = x2 – 2x – 1 x R. Let f : (– , a] [b, ), where 'a' is the largest real
number for which f (x) is bijective.
61. The value of (a + b) is equal to
(A) – 2 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) 1
62. Let f : R R, g (x) = f (x) + 3x – 1, then the least value of function y = g(| x |) is
(A) – 9/4 (B) – 5/4 (C) – 2 (D) – 1
63. Let f : [a, ) [b, ), then f –1(x) is given by
(A) 1 + x 2 (B) 1 – x 3 (C) 1 – x 2 (D) 1 + x 3
64. Let f : R R, then range of values of k for which equation f (| x |) = k has 4 distinct real
roots is
(A) (– 2, – 1) (B) (– 2, 0) (C) ( – 1, 0) (D) (0, 1)
2 2
Sol. f(x) = x – 2x – 1 = (x – 1) – 2
f: (– , a] [b, )
The largest value of a for which f(x) is bijective is a = 1
f : (– , 1] [– 2, )
+ y
+ 1 +
+ x
+ + 0
+ –1
+ –2
Sol.61 a = 1 & b = – 2
262
a + b = – 1 Ans
Sol.62 f(x) = x2 – 2x – 1 : R R
g(x) = f(x) + 3x – 1
2 2
1 1 1 9
g(x) = x + x – 2 = x 2 x –
2
2 4 2 4
+ y = g(x) + y = g(|x|)
+
+ –1/2 + 0 + x +
+ 0
+ –2
+ –9/4 + –2
Minimum value of g(|x|) is – 2 Ans.
Sol.63 f : [a, ) [b, )
f : [1, ) [– 2, )
f(x) = x2 – 2x – 1 ; [1, ) [– 2, )
Let x2 – 2x – 1 = y
x2 – 2x – 1 – y = 0
2 4 4(1 y)
x 1 y 2
2
x 1 y 2 or x 1 y 2
Rejected
f (x) 1 x 2 Ans x 1
1
Sol.64 y = f(|x|) f(|x|) = k
+
+ y = f(|x|)
+ 2 roots + y=k
+ x
+ –1
+ 4 roots + y=k
+ –2
263
For 4 real & distinct roots of equation f(|x|) = k,
k (– 2, – 1) Ans.
Paragraph for question nos. 65 to 67
Define a function : N N as follows : (1) = 1, (Pn) = Pn–1(P – 1) if P is prime and n
N and (mn) =(m) (n) if m & n are relative prime natural numbers.
65. (8n + 4) where n N is equal to
(A) (4n + 2) (B) (2n + 1) (C) 2(2n + 1) (D) 4(2n + 1)
66. The number of natural numbers ‘n’ such that (n) is odd is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none
67. If (7n) = 2058 where n N, then the value of n is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
Paragraph-65
(1) = 1, (Pn) = Pn–1 (P – 1) : P Prime & n N
(mn) = (m) (n) if m & n are relatively prime.
Sol.65 (8n + 4) = (4(2n + 1))
(8n + 4) = (4) (2n + 1) 2n + 1 odd
4 & 2n + 1 are co-prime
Now, Put P = 2 & n = 2 is (Pn) = Pn-1(P – 1)
(4) = 2 × 1 = 2
(8n + 4) = (4) (2n + 1)
(8n + 4) = 2 (2n + 1) Ans.
Sol.66 (Pn) = Pn-1(P – 1) ; (1) = 1
Case-I : P Even i.e. P = 2
then (2n) = 2n–1 × 1 = odd n = 1
(2) = 1
Case-II : P odd P – 1 = Even
(Pn) = pn–1 × (P – 1) odd
(1) = 1 & (2) = 1 are the only two values such that (n) = odd Ans.
Sol.67 (pn) = Pn–1 × (P – 1)
Put P = 7
(7n) = 7n–1 × 6 = 2058 (given)
7n–1 = 343 n – 1 = 3 n = 4 Ans.
[REASONING TYPE]
68. Consider the function
264
f(x) = (x+1C2x–8) (2x–8Cx+1)
Statement-1 : Domain of f(x) is singleton.
because
Statement-2 : Range of f(x) is singleton.
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is NOT the correct
explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
Sol. f (x) x 1C2x 8 2x 8
Cx 1
x 1 N 2x 8 N
Domain 2x – 8 W and x 1 W
x 1 2x – 8 2x 8 x 1
x + 1 = 2x – 8
Domain x = 9 Ans.
Now, Range = f(9) = 1 0C10 1 0C10 1 Ans.
[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]
69. A continuous function f(x) on R R satisfies the relation
f(x) + f(2x + y) + 5xy = f(3x – y) + 2x2 + 1 for x, y R
then which of the following hold(s) good ?
(A) f is many one (B) f has no minima
(C) f is neither odd nor even (D) f is bounded
2
Sol. f(x) + f(2x + y) + 5xy = f(3x – y) + 2x + 1
2x + y = 3x – y y = x/2
x x
Put y = x/2 f(x) + f(2x + x/2) + 5x = f 3x 2x 2 1
2 2
5x 5x 5x
2
f (x) f f 2x 2 1
2 2 2
2
5x
f (x) 2 x 2 1
2
x2
f (x) 1
2
f(x) is many-one and even function which has no minima. Ans.
70. Which of the following function (s) is/are Transcendental ?
2sin 3x
(A) f(x) = 5 sin x (B) f(x) = 2
x 2x 1
(C) f(x) = x 2 2x 1 (D) f(x) = (x2 + 3) . 2x
Sol. A function not expressible as a finite combination of the algebraic operations of addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division or raised to a power and extracting a root, are called
transcendental function. The exponential function, logarithm, trigonometric function,
hyperbolic function and their inverse are examples of transcendental function.
265
A, B, D
71. The functions which are aperiodic are :
(A) y = [x + 1] (B) y = sin x2 (C) y = sin2 x (D) y = sin–1 x
where [x] denotes greatest integer function
Sol. (A) y = [x + 1] = [x] + 1 Step-up function
Aperiodic
2
(B) y = sin x
It does not satisfy the definition
f(x + T) = f(x) x Df(x) ; T > 0
Aperiodic function
(C) y = sin2x Periodic function
(D) y = sin–1x Increasing function
Aperiodic function Ans.
72. Which of the following function(s) is/are periodic with period .
(A) f(x) = |sin x| (B) f(x) = [x + ] (C) f(x) = cos(sin x) (D) f(x) = cos2 x
(where [.] denotes the greatest integer function)
Sol. (A) f(x) = |sin x| Period =
(B) f(x) = [x + ] Aperiodic
(C) f(x) = cos |sin x| Periodic
(D) f(x) = cos2x Period
73. Which of the following function(s) is/are periodic ?
(A) f(x) = x – [x] (B) g(x) = sin(1/x), x 0 & g(0) = 0
(C) h(x) = x cos x (D) w(x) = sin–1(sin x)
Sol. (A) f(x) = x – [x] = {x} Periodic
(B) f(x) = sin 1/x Aperiodic
(C) f(x) = x cos x Aperiodic
(D) w(x) = sin–1(sin x) Periodic
74. Which of the functions defined below are one-one function(s) ?
(A) f(x) = (x + 1), (x – 1) (B) g(x) = x + (1/x), (x > 0)
(C) h(x) = x + 4x – 5, (x > 0)
2 (D) f(x) = e–x, (x 0)
Sol. (A) f(x) = x + 1; x – 1
one-one
266
+
+ y
+ 1
+ x
+ –1 + 0
1
(B) g(x) x ; x 0
x
1 (x 1)(x 1)
g '(x) 1 2 Minima occurs at x = 1
x x2
Many-one
(C) h(x) = x2 + 4x – 5 ; x > 0
h(x) = 2x + 4 > 0 x (0, ) one-one
(D) f(x) = e–x ; x 0
one-one
+
+ y
+ 1
+ x
+ 0
75. Which of the following functions are not homogeneous ?
y xy
(A) x + y cos (B)
x x y2
x y cos x x y y x
(C) (D) ln ln
y sin x y y x x y
Sol. (B) & (C) are not homogeneous
76. If f(x) is a polynomial function satisfying the condition f(x) f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x) and f(2)
= 9 then
(A) 2f(4) = 3f(6) (B) 14f(1) = f(3) (C) 9f(3) = 2f(5) (D) f(10) = f(11)
1 1
Sol. f(x) f f (x) f
x x
267
f(x) = 1 ± x2
f(2) = 9, 9 = 1 ± 2n8 = 2n or 8 = – 2n
n = 3
f(x) = 1 + x 3
Now check by options.
1 sin x
77. The values of x in [–2, 2], for which the graph of the function y = – sec x
1 sin x
1 sin x
and y = – + sec x, coincide are
1 sin x
3 3 3 3
(A) 2, , 2 (B) , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
(C) , (D) [–2, 2] – ,
2 2 2 2
1 sin x 1 sin x 1 sin x
Sol. y sec x – sec x
1 sin x 1 sin x 1 sin x
|1 sin x | 1 sin x
y sec x sec x
| cos x | | cos x |
1 sin x
cos x sec x tan x; x I IV quadrant
st th
y
1 sin x sec x 2sec x tan x ; x II nd & III rd quadrant
cos x
Similarly
1 sin x (1 sin x)
y sec x sec x
1 sin x | cos x |
tan x ; x I & IV quadrant
st th
y
2sec x – tan x ; x II & III quadrant
nd rd
In Ist & IVth quadrant, the given functions becomes identical i.e. y = tan x; except
when cos x 0
3
y = tan x ; x –2, – 3 / 2 , , 2 Ans.
2 2 2
78. If the function f(x) = ax + b has its own inverse then the ordered pair (a, b) can be
(A) (1, 0) (B) (–1, 0) (C) (–1, 1) (D) (1, 1)
Sol. f(x) = ax + b = y(Let)
yb
x g(y)
a
xb
f–1(x) = g(x) =
a
268
x b
f(x) = f–1(x), ax + b =
a a
1 b b
a & b a=±1&b=
a a a
If a 1, then b –b b 0
Now check by options
If a –1, then b b b R
79. Suppose the domain of the function y = f(x) is –1 x 4 and the range is 1 y 10.
Let g(x) = 4 – 3f(x – 2). If the domain of g(x) is a x b and the range of g(x) is c y d
then which of the following relations hold good ?
(A) 2a + 4b + c + d = 0 (B) a + b + d = 8
(C) 5b + c + d = 4 (D) a + b + c + d + 18 = 0
Sol. y = f(x) : [– 1, 4] [1, 10]
g(x) = 4 – 3f(x – 2)
Domain : - – 1 x – 2 4 x [1, 6]
Range : - g(x) [4 – 30, 4 – 3] g(x) [ – 26, 1]
a = 1, b = 6, c = – 26, d = 1
Now check by options
80. Suppose f (x) = ax + b and g (x) = bx + a, where a and b are positive integers. If
f g(50) g f (50) = 28 then the product (ab) can have the value equal to
(A) 12 (B) 48 (C) 180 (D) 210
Sol. f(x) = ax + b & g(x) = bx + a
f(g(x)) = a(bx+ a) + b = abx + a2 + b
& g(f(x)) = b(ax + b) + a = abx + b2 + a
Now, f(g(50)) – g(f(50)) = 2b
(50ab + a2 + b) – (50ab + b2 + a) = 28
a2 – b2 + b – a = 28
(a – b) [a + b – 1] = 28; a, b I+
Only possible when both a + b & a – b are even or odd
case-I : a – b = 1 & a + b – 1 = 28
a – b = 1 & a + b = 29
a = 15, b = 14 a.b = 210
(ii) a–b=4&a+ b–1=7
a–b=4&a+b=8
a = 6, b = 2 a b = 12
81. f : R R ; f(x2 + x + 3) + 2f(x2 – 3x + 5) = 6x2 – 10x + 17 x R then
(A) f is strictly decreasing (B) f(x) = 0 has a root in (0, 2)
(C) f(x) is an odd function (D) f(x) is invertible
269
Sol. 2f (x 2 x 3) 2f (x 2 – 3x 5) 6x 2 10x 17 ……..(1)
2 degree 2 degree 2 degree
Polynomial Polynomial Polynomial
f(x) must be a linear polynomial.
f(x) = ax + b
From (1)
a(x2 + x + 3) + b + 2[a(x2 – 3x + 5)] + b = 6x2 – 10x + 17
(3a)x2 + (– 5a)x + (13a + 2b) = 6x2 – 10x + 17
3a = 6 & –5a = – 10 & 13a + 2b = 17
a = 2 & b = – 9/2
9
f (x) 2 x
2
x 2 2x 3
The domain of definition of the function, f(x) = 2 tan x
log 2tan x 2
82. 4x 4x 3 where []
1 1
denotes the greatest integer function is given by the interval n , n where n I
4 2
then n can be equal to
(A) –5 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) 1
Sol. Domain : -
[2 tan x] 0 tan x [1/ 2, )
[2 tan x] 1 tan x 1/ 2,1
(x 3)(x 1)
x 2x 3
2
0
4x 4x 3
2
(2 x 1) (2 x 3)
x n 1/ 4, n 1/ 2 ; n I
x (– , – 3) (1/ 2,1) (3 / 2, )
1 1
Domain is x n , n ; n I – –3, – 2, –1,1 Ans.
4 2
83. f(x) = sin 2
[a] x , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, has fundamental
period for
3 5 2 4
(A) a = (B) a = (C) a = (D) a =
2 4 3 5
Sol. f (x) sin(2( [a]) x)
2
Period = [a] 1
2 [a]
[a] = 1
a [1, 2) Ans.
x 2 sin x cos x x(1 sin x)
84. The number of solutions of the equation = 0 is greater than
x cos x x 1
or equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
270
x 2 sin x cos x x(1 sin x)
Sol. 0
x cos x x 1
(x +1) (x2 + sin x cos x) – x( 1 + sin x) (x + cos x) = 0
x3 + x sin xcos x + x2 + sin x cos x – x2 – x cos x – x2sin x – x sin x cos x = 0
x3 – x2 sin x – x cos x + sin x cos x = 0
x2(x – sin x) – cos x(x – sin x) = 0
(x – sin x) (x2 – cos x) = 0
x = sin x x = 0 & x2 = cos x 2 solutions
No. of solutions = 3 Ans.
85. Let f(x) = max(1 + sin x, 1, 1 – cos x), x [0, 2] and g(x) = max(1, |x – 1|), x R, then
(A) g(f(0)) = 1 (B) g(f(1)) = 1 (C) f(g(1)) = 1 (D) f(g(0)) = sin 1
+ y
+ y = 1+ sin x +
+ 2
+ y = 1– cos x
+ 1 + y=1
+ + x
+ 2
+ + + +
Sol.
1 sin x ; 0 x 3 / 4
3 3
f (x) 1 cos x ; x
4 2
3
1 ; 2 x 2
+ y
+ y = –x + 1 + y=x–1
+ + +
+ y =1
+ 1
+ x
+ 0 1 2
(A) g(f(0)) = g(1 + sin 0) = g(1) = 1
(B) g(f(1)) = g(1 + sin 1) = 1
(C) f(g(1)) = f(1) = 1 + sin 1
(D) f(g(0)) = f(1) = 1 + sin 1
271
4 2
86. Let R = {(x, y) : x, y R, x2 + y2 25} and R' = {(x, y) : x, y R, y x } then
9
(A) domain of R R' = [–3, 3] (B) Range of R R' = [0, 4]
(C) Range of R R' = [0, 5] (D) R R' defines a function
Sol. On solving
9y
x2 + y2 = 25 & x2 =
4
we get x = ± 3
+ y
+ (0,5)
+ Common Region
+ x
+ (–3,0)
+ (–5,0) + (3,0)+ (5,0)
9y
x2 + y2 25, x 2
4
Domain of R R= [– 3, 3]
& Range of R R= [0, 5] Ans.
[MATCH THE COLUMN]
1 x 1
87. Let f(x) = x + and g(x) = .
x x2
Match the composite function given in Column-I with their respective domains given in
Column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) fog (P) R – {–2, –5/3}
(B) gof (Q) R – {–1, 0}
(C) fof (R) R – {0}
(D) gog (S) R – {–2, –1}
1
Sol. f (x) x Domain : x R –{0}
x
x 1
g(x) Domain: x R –{– 2}
x2
(A) y = f(g(x)) Domain : - x – 2
1
& f(x) – 2 x – 2
x
(x + 1) 0 x – 1
2
Domain of f(g(x)) is x R – {– 2, – 1}
(B) y = g(f(x))
Domain : - x 0
272
x 1
g(x) 0 0 x–1
x2
Domain of g(f(x)) is x R – {– 1, 0}
(C) y = f(f(x)
Domain : - x 0
1
f(x) 0 x 0 x
x
Domain of f(f(x)) is x R – {0}
(D) y = g(g(x))
Domain : - x – 2
x 1
g(x) – 2 – 2 x +1 – 2x – 4
x2
x – 5/3
5
Domain of g(g(x)) is x R – – 2,
3
88. The number of ordered pair (x, y) satisfying the equation
x 2x y 4y 7x 21
2 3 4 5 6 20 y where 0 < x, y < 30 and [.] denotes greatest integer
function is equal to
x 2x y 4y x 2x y 4y
Sol. 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5
x x 2x 2x y y 4y 4y
0
2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5
x 2x y 4y
0
2 3 4 5
only possible when
x 2x y 4y
I & I & I & I
2 3 4 5
x = 6 ; I & y = 20 k ; k I
x, y
x = {6, 12, 18, 24} & y = {20}
Total number of ordered pairs (x, y) = 4 × 1 = 4 Ans.
x
1/3
x 1
89. 2
Let f : R R f(x) = n x x 1 and g : R R, g(x) = , then the
1 x
x 1
2e
number of real solutions of the equation, f–1(x) = g(x) is
Sol. Let f(x) = n [x x 2 1) y
273
x x 2 1 ey
x 2 1 e y x
e y e y
Square & Simplify x
2
ex e x
f 1 (x) y
2
dy e x e x
0 xR
dx 2
+ y
+ y = ex – e–x
+ 2 + 2
+ y = 2e1–x
+ x
+ 0 1
f–1(x) is increasing x R
No. of solutions of f–1(x) = g(x) are 4 Ans.
90. If the function f(x) = x3 – 9x2 + 24x + c has 3 real and distinct roots , and , find the
sum of all possible distinct values of [] + [] + [], where [.] denote greatest integer
function.
Sol. Let y = g(x) = x3 – 9x2 + 24x
dy
3x 2 18x 24 3(x 2)(x 4)
dx
+ + – +
2 2 4
2 Max. 2 Min.
+ y = g(x)
+ 20
+ 18 + y = g(x) + c
+ y = g(x) + c
+ 16
+ + + + + +
+ 1 2 3 4 5
g(0) = 0
274
g(1) = 16
g(2) = 20 Maxima
g(3) = 18
g(4) = 16 Minima
g(5) = 20
f(x) = g(x) + c
For 3 real and distinct roots of
f(x) = 0, c (– 20, – 16)
Either (1, 2), (3, 4), r (4, 5)
[] + [] + [] = 1 + 3 + 4 = 8
or (1, 2), (2, 3), (4, 5)
[] + [] + [] = 1 + 3 +4 = 8
Sum of possible values of [] + [] + []
=8+7
= 15 Ans.
91. Find the number of values of x of the form 6n ± 1, where n N, in the domain of the
64 x 2
function f(x) = x ln |x – 1| + .
sin x
64 x 2
Sol. f (x) x n | x 1|
sin x
| x 1| 0 x R – {1}|
Domain : - 64 – x 2 0 x [–8,8]
sin x 0
x k; k I
x [– 8, 8] – {– 2, – , 0, 1, , 2}
Values of x of the form (6n ± 1) ; n N in the domain are x = 5, 7 i.e. 2 values Ans.
92. If N be the numbers of natural numbers less than 2009 which can be expressed in the form
of [x[x]] for some positive real x then sum of the digits of N. ([.] denotes greatest integer
function).
Sol. If n x < n + 1; n N
then [x] = n
n2 x[x] < n2 + n
[x[x]] = n2, n2 + 1, n2 + 2,…. n2 + n – 1
n = 1 [x[x]] = 1 1 value
n = 2 [x[x]] = 4, 5 2 values
n = 3 [x[x]] = 9, 10, 11 3 values
n = 2 [x[x]] = 16, 17, 18, 19 4 values
275
n = 44 [x[x]] = 1936, 1937,……1979 44 values.
Total no. of natural nos. (< 2009) = 1 + 2 + 3 +……+ 44
N = 990
Sum of digits of N = 9 + 9 + 0 = 18 Ans.
93. If the function f : [1, ) [1, ) is defined by f(x) = 2x (x 1), then f1(x) is
[JEE '99, 2]
x (x 1)
1
(A)
2
(B)
1
2
1 1 4log 2 x (C)
1
2
1 1 4log 2 x (D) not defined
Sol. f (x) 2x(x 1) : [1, ) [1, )
Let y = 2x(x–1)
log 2 y x 2 x x 2 x log 2 y 0
1 1 4log 2 y
x
2
1 1 4log 2 y
x { x 1}
2
1
f 1 (x) 1 1 4log 2 x
2
94. The domain of definition of the function, y (x) given by the equation, 2x + 2y = 2 is
(A) 0 < x 1 (B) 0 x 1 (C) < x 0 (D) < x < 1
[JEE 2000 Scr.), 1 out of 35]
Sol. 2 +2 =22 =2–2
x y y x
y = log2(2 – 2x)
Domain : -
2 – 2x > 0 2x < 2 x (– , 1) Ans.
1 , x 0
95. Let g (x) = 1 + x [ x ] & f (x) = 0 , x 0 . Then for all x , f (g (x)) is equal to
1 , x 0
(A) x (B) 1 (C) f (x) (D) g (x)
where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function.
Sol. g(x) = 1 + x – [x] = 1+ {x}
–1 ; 1 {x} 0 x
f (g(x)) 0 ; 1 {x} 0 x
1 ; 1 {x} 0 x R
f(g(x)) = 1 x R
1
96. If f : [1 , ) [2 , ) is given by , f (x) = x + , then f 1 (x) equals
x
x x2 4 x x x2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1 x2 4
2 1 x2 2
276
1
Sol. f(x) = x ; [1, ) [2, )
x
1
Let y = x
x
x – xy + 1 = 0
2
y y2 4
x
2
y y2 4
x g(y) { x 1}
2
x x2 4
f–1(x) = g(x) = Ans.
2
log 2 (x 3)
97. The domain of definition of f (x) = is :
x 2 3x 2
(A) R – { 1, 2} (B) ( 2, )
(C) R – { 1, 2, 3} (D) ( 3, ) – { 1, 2}
x 3 0 x –3
Sol. Domain : -
x 2 3x 2 0 x – 2, –1
x (– 3, ) – {– 2, – 1} Ans.
98. Let E = {1, 2, 3, 4 } & F = {1, 2}. Then the number of onto functions from E to F is
(A) 14 (B) 16 (C) 12 (D) 8
1 1 1 1
2 2
Sol. Into function 3 or 3 2
4 2 4
E F E F
No. of onto functions = Total no. of function – into function
= 24 – 2 = 14 Ans.
x
99. Let f (x) = , x 1 . Then for what value of is f (f (x)) = x ?
x 1
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 1.
[JEE 2001 (Screening) 5 1 = 5]
Sol. f(f(x)) = x
277
x
f (x) x 1
x x
f (x) 1 x
1
x 1
2 x
x = – 1 Ans.
x( 1) 1
100. Suppose f(x) = (x + 1)2 for x –1. If g(x) is the function whose graph is the reflection of
the graph of f (x) with respect to the line y = x, then g(x) equals
1
(A) – x – 1, x > 0 (B) , x > –1 (C) x 1 , x > –1 (D) x – 1, x > 0
(x 1) 2
Sol. f(x) = (x +1)2 ; x – 1
Let y = (x + 1)2 x + 1 = ± y
x=–1+ y or x = – 1 – y
× { x – 1}
f–1(x) = – 1+ x ; x0
101. Let function f : R R be defined by f (x) = 2x + sinx for x R. Then f is
(A) one to one and onto (B) one to one but NOT onto
(C) onto but NOT one to one (D) neither one to one nor onto
[JEE 2002 (Screening), 3 + 3]
Sol. f (x) = 2x + sin x
f (x) = 2 + cos x > 0 x R
f(x) is increasing x R
f(x) is one-one
Range (– , ) onto
f(x) is one-one and onto Ans.
x2 x 2
102. Range of the function f (x) = is
x2 x 1
7 7
(A) [1, 2] (B) [1, ) (C) 2, (D) 1,
3 3
x2 x 11 1
Sol. f (x) 1 2
x x 1
2
x x 1
2
1 1
f (x) 1 ; x 0
1 3 2
2
x
2 4
1
1, 1 f (x) 1, 7 / 3 Ans.
3 / 4
278
x
103. Let f (x) = defined from (0, ) [ 0, ) then by f (x) is
1 x
(A) one- one but not onto (B) one- one and onto
(C) Many one but not onto (D) Many one and onto
[JEE 2003 (Scr),3+3]
x 1
Sol. f (x) 1 : (0, ) [0, )
1 x 1 x
1
f '(x) 0 x (0, )
(1 x)2
f(x) is increasing x (0, ) one-one
1
f (x) 1 ; x (0, )
1 x
Range (0, 1) co-domain Into
104. Let f (x) = sin x + cos x, g (x) = x2 – 1. Thus g ( f (x) ) is invertible for x
(A) , 0 (B) 2 , (C) , (D) 0,
2 4 4 2
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]
Sol. y = g(f(x)) = g(sin x + cos x)
= (sin x + cos x)2 – 1
= sin 2x
For this to be invertible 2x [– /2, /2]
x [– /4, /4]
279
Function Solved Exercise – 4
1.
The function , f x log x x 2 1 is [JEE Main 2003]
(A) neither an even nor an odd function (B) an even function
(C) an odd function (D) a periodic function
Ans. (C)
Sol.
f (x) log x x 2 1
x 1 x
x2 1 x
2
f ( x) log x x 1 log
2
x2 1 x
x2 1 x2
log
x 1 x
2
log x x 1
2
f(–x) = – f(x) odd function.
3
2. Domain of definition of the function f (x) log10 (x 3 x) , is [JEE Main 2003]
4x 2
(A) (–1, 0) (1, 2) (2, ) (B) (a, 2)
(C) (–1, 0) (a, 2) (D) (1, 2) (2, )
Ans. (A)
3
Sol. f (x) log10 (x 3 x)
4x 2
Domain :-
x 3 x 0 x(x 1)(x 1) 0 x (1, 0) (1, )
4 x 0 x 2
2
x (–1, 0) (1, 2) (2, )
n
3. If f : R R satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), for all x, y R and f(1) = 7, then f (r) is
r 1
[JEE Main 2003]
7n(n 1) 7n 7(n 1)
(A) (B) (C) (D) 7n + (n +1)
2 2 2
Ans. (A)
Sol. f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)
f(x) = kx
f(1) = 7 k = 7
280
f(x) = 7x
n n
n(n 1)
f (r) 7 r 7
r 1 r 1 2
4. A function f from the set of natural numbers to integers defined by
n 1
, when n is odd
2
f (n) is [JEE Main 2003]
n , when n is even
2
(A) neither one-one nor onto (B) one-one but not onto
(C) onto but not one-one (D) one-one and onto both
Ans. (D)
n 1
; n odd
2
Sol. f (n) f(n) : N I
n ; n Even
2
n = 1 f(1) = 0
n = 2 f(2) = –1
n = 3 f(3) = 1
n = 4 f(4) = –2
n = 5 f(5) = 2
n = 6 f(6) = –3
f(x) is one-one and onto.
5. The range of the function f(x) = 7–xPx–3 is [JEE Main 2004]
(A) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (B) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (C) {1, 2, 3, 4} (D) {1, 2, 3}
Ans. (D)
7 x 1
7 –x
Sol. f(x) = Px – 3 : Domain :– x 3 0
7 x x 3
x [3, 5]
Range {f(3), f(4), f(5)} x {3, 4, 5}
4 3 2
{ P0, P1, P2}
281
{1, 2, 3}
6. If f : R S, defined by f (x) sin x 3 cos x 1 , is onto, then the interval of S is
[JEE Main 2004]
(A) [–1, 3] (B) [–1, 1] (C) [0, 1] (D) [0, 3]
Ans. (A)
Sol. f (x) sin x 3 cos x 1 : R S
1 3
2 sin x cos x 1 2sin x 1
2 2 3
[–1, 1]
Range [–1, 3] = Codomain (For onto function)
S = [–1, 3]
7. The graph of the function y = f(x) is symmetrical about the line x = 2, then [JEE Main 2004]
(A) f (x) = –f (–x) (B) f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
(C) f (x) = f (–x) (D) f (x + 2) = f (x – 2)
Ans. (B)
Sol. For a function to be symmetric about the line
x = 2, f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
sin 1 (x 3)
8. The domain of the function f (x) is [JEE Main 2004]
9 x2
(A) [1, 2] (B) [2, 3) (C) [1, 2) (D) [2, 3]
Ans. (B)
sin 1 (x 3)
Sol. f (x)
9 x2
1 x 3 1
2x4
Domain :– x [2,3)
9x 0
2
3 x 3
9. A function is matched below against an interval where it is supposed to be increasing. Which
of the following pairs is incorrect matched? [JEE Main 2005]
Inter Function
(A) (–) x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 3
(B) [2, ) 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 6
282
1
(C) , 3x2 – 2x +1
3
(D) (–, – 4) x3 + 6x2 + 6
Ans. (C)
3 2
Sol. Let f(x) = x – 3x + 3x + 3
2 2
f ' (x) = 3(x – 2x + 1) = 3 (x – 1) 0
f(x) is increasing x R
3 2
Let f(x) = 2x – 3x – 12x + 6
2 2
f ' (x) = 6x – 6x – 12 = 6 (x – x – 2)
= 6(x – 2) (x + 1)
f(x) is increasing for x (–, –1] [2, )
2
Let f(x) = 3x – 2x + 1
f ' (x) = 6x – 2
f(x) is increasing for x [1/3, )
3 2
Let f(x) = x + 6x + 6
2
f ' (x) = 3x + 12x = 3x (x + 4)
f(x) is increasing for x (–, –4] [0, )
10. A real valued function f(x) satisfied the functional equation
f(x – y) = f(x) f(y) – f(a – x) f(a + y)
where a is a given constant and f(0) = 1, f(2a – x) is equal to [JEE Main 2005]
(A) –f(x) (B) f(x) (C) f(a) + f(a – x) (D) f(–x)
Ans. (A)
Sol. f(x – y) = f(x) · f(y) – f(a – x) f(a + y)
2 2
Put x = y = 0 f(0) = f (0) – f (a) f(a) = 0
Put x = a & y = x – a
f(2a – x) = f(a) · f(x – a) – f(0) · f(x)
f(2a – x) = – f(x) { f(0) = 1 & f(a) = 0}
283
11. Let f : N Y be a function defined as f(x) = 4x + 3 where Y = {y N : y = 4x + 3 for some x
N}. Show that f is invertible and its inverse is [JEE Main 2008]
3y 4 y3 y3 y3
(A) g(y) (B) g(y) 4 (C) g(y) (D) g(y)
3 4 4 4
Ans. (D)
y3
Sol. y 4x 3 x g(y) let
4
y3
Inverse of f(x) is g(y)
4
12. Let f(x) = (x + 1)2 – 1, x –1
Statement-1 : The set {x : f(x) = f–1 (x)} = {0, –1}
Statement-2 : f is a bijection. [JEE Main 2009]
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true. Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(C) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(D) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true. Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
Ans. (B)
2
Sol. f(x) = (x + 1) – 1 ; x –1
–1
f(x) = f (x) = x
2
f(x) = x (x + 1) – 1 = x
2
(x + 1) = (x + 1)
(x + 1) [x + 1 – 1] = 0
x = 0, – 1 statement 1 is True.
Co-domain is not given.
Statement 2 is false.
13. For real x let f(x) = x3 + 5x + 1, then [JEE Main 2009]
(A) f is onto R but not one-one (B) f is one-one and onto R
(C) f is neither one-one nor onto R (D) f is one-one but not onto R
Ans. (B)
3
Sol. f(x) = x + 5x + 1
2
f ‘(x) = 3x + 5 > 0 f(x) is increasing x R
Range (–, ) = R one - one
Onto it co-domain is R.
284
1
14. The domain of the function f (x) is [JEE Main 2011]
| x | x
(A) (0, ) (B) (–0) (C) (–) (D) (–)
Ans. (B)
1
Sol. f (x)
| x | x
Domain :– |x| – x > 0
x0 x0
x x 0 0 0 0
x0 00
x (–, 0)
15. If a R and the equation – 3(x – [x])2 + 2(x – [x]) + a2 = 0 [IIT Mains 2014]
(where [x] denotes the greatest integer x) has no integral solution, then all possible values of
'a 'lie in the interval
(A) (– , – 2) (2, ) (B) (– 1, 0) (0, 1)
(C) (1, 2) (D) (– 2, – 1)
Ans. (B)
2 2
Sol. –3[x – [x]] + 2[x – [x]] + a = 0
2 2
a = 3{x} – 2{x} ( {x} = x – [x])
2 2
Put {x} = t a = 3t – 2t ; t (0, 1) ; As x I
2
Let f (t) 3t t
3
1
a2 1
3
a (–1, 1) – {0}
285
16. If X = {4n – 3n – 1 : n N} and Y = {9(n – 1) : n N}, where N is the set of natural numbers,
then X Y is equal to : [JEE Main 2014]
(A) Y (B) N (C) Y – X (D) X
Ans. (A)
n
Sol. x = {4 – 3n – 1 ; n N} = {0, 9, 54, 243, …..}
y = {9(n – 1) ; n N} = {0, 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, …..}
xy=y
1
17. If f(x) + 2f = 3x, x 0, and S = {x R : f(x) = f(–x)} ; then S : [IIT Main 2016]
x
(A) is an empty set (B) contains exactly one element
(C) contains exactly two elements (D) contains more than two elements
Ans. (C)
1
Sol. f (x) 2f 3x …… (1)
x
1
Replace x
x
1 3
f 2f (x) …… (2)
x x
On solving (1) & (2), we get
2
f (x) x
x
Now, f(x) = f(–x)
2 2 4
x x 2x x 2
x x x
Exactly two solutions.
1 1 x
18. The function f : R , defined as f(x) = is [JEE Mains 2017]
2 2 1 x2
(A) invertible (B) injective but not surjective
(C) surjective but not injective (D) neither injective nor surjective
Ans. (C)
1 1
Sol. f (x) : R ,
2 2
286
From graph, f(x) is many-one and onto.
19. Let a, b, c R. If f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is such that a + b + c = 3 and f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)+xy,
10
x, y R, then f (n) is equal to [JEE Mains 2017]
n 1
(A) 330 (B) 165 (C) 190 (D) 255
Ans. (A)
2
Sol. f(x) = ax + bx + c
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy
2 2 2
a(x + y) + b(x + y) + c = (ax + bx + c) + (ay + by + c) + xy
2axy = c + xy x, y R
(2a – 1)xy – c = 0 x, y R
a = 1/2, c = 0
5
a + b + c = 3, b
2
x 2 5x
f (x)
2 2
10
1 10 2 5 10
f (n) n 2 n 330
n 1 2 n 1 n 1
1 1
20. For x R – [0, 1], let f1(x) , f 2 (x) 1 x and f3 (x) be three given functions. If a
x 1 x
function, J(x) satisfies (f2oJof1 ) (x) = f3(x) then J(x) is equal to :
[JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-1)]
1
(A) f1(x) (B) f3 (x) (C) f2(x) (D) f3(x)
x
Ans. (B)
Sol. f2(J(f1(x))) = f3(x)
1 – J(f1(x)) = f3(x)
287
1 1
1 J
x 1 x
1 1 x
J 1
x 1 x 1 x
1
1 1
x J(x) x f3 (x)
x 1 1 x
1
x
2403 k
21. If the fractional part of the number is , then k is equal to :
15 15
[JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 14
Ans. (C)
2403 8(24 )100
Sol. =
15 15
8(15 1)100
k=8
15
2x
22. Let A = {x R: x is not a positive integer}. Define a function f: A R as f(x) = then f
x 1
is:- [JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) neither injective nor surjective (B) surjective but not injective
(C) injective but not surjective (D) not injective
Ans. (A)
2x 2
Sol. f (x) 2
x 1 x 1
1
f '(x) 0 f(x) is decreasing x R
(x 1)2
one-one
2x
Now, f (x) will never attain value of the
x 1
2n
from , n N, Range R
n 1
Into
f(x) is injective but not surjective.
288
23. Let N be the set of natural numbers and two functions f and g be defined as f, g : N N such
n 1
if n is odd
2
that f n and g (n) = n – (– 1)n. Then fog is:
n
if n is even
2
[JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) both one - one and onto (B) neither one one nor onto
(C) one - one but not onto (D) onto but not one - one
Ans. (D)
n 1
; n odd
2 n 1 ; n odd
Sol. f (x) & g(x)
n ; n Even n 1 ; n Even
2
f (g(1)) f (2) 1
Many one
f (g(2)) f (1) 1
Now,
2n 1 1
f (g(2n)) f (2n 1) n
2
&
2n 2
f (g(2n 1)) f (2n 2) n 1
2
f(g(x)) is onto.
x
24. Let f : R R be defined by f(x) = , x R. Then the range of f is
1 x2
[JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-1)]
1 1 1 1
(A) (–1,1) –{0} (B) R , (C) , (D) R – [–1,1]
2 2 2 2
Ans. (C)
Sol. f(0) = 0 & f(x) is odd.
Further, If x > 0 then
1 1
f(x) = 0,
1 2
x
x
1 1
Hence, f(x) ,
2 2
289
1
25. Let a function f : (0, ) (0, ) be defined by f (x) 1 .Then f is :
x
[JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) Injective only (B) Not injective but it is surjective
(C) Both injective as well as surjective (D) Neither injective nor surjective
Ans. (Bouns)
Sol. f : (0, ) [0, )
1
f (x) 1
x
f(x) is many-one and into. { Range = [0, )}
26. The number of functions f from {1, 2, 3, ....... , 20} onto {1, 2, 3, ..........., 20} such that f(k) is a
multiple of 3, whenever k is a multiple of 4, is :
[JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-2)]
6 5
(A) 5 × 15 (B) 6 × (15)! (C) (15)! × 6! (D) 5! × 6!
Ans. (C)
Sol. k is multiple of 4
k = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}
f(k) can take values form the set {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}
6
in C5 × 5! = 6!
and the remaining elements of A is 15! Ways.
Total number of onto functions = 6! × 15!
1 x 2x
27. If f (x) log e ,| x | 1 , then f is equal to :
1 x 1 x2
[JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-1)]
2
(A) (f(x)) (B) 2f(x) (C) –2f(x) (D) 2f(x2)
Ans. (A)
290
1 x
f (x) ln
1 x
Sol.
2x
1 (1 x) 2
2x 1 x2
f
1 x 2
ln ln
2x (1 x)2
1
1 x2
1 x
2ln 2f (x)
1 x
28. The sum of the solutions of the equation x –2 + x
x – 4 + 2 = 0 , x > 0 is equal to
:
[JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) 12 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 4
Ans. (C)
Sol. | x –2|+ x
x –4 +2=0
x 2 x – 2+x – 4 x +2 = 0
(i) For
x–3 x =0
x x –3 =0
x = 0 | x = 9 x = 9 is solution
(ii) For x < 2 2 – x + x – 4 x + 2 = 0
x–5 x +4=0
x–4
x – 1 = 0 x = 1 | x = 16 x = 1 is solution
sum of solution = 1+9 = 10
29. Let f(x) = ax (a > 0) be written as f(x) = f1(x) + f2(x), where f1(x) is an even function and
f2(x) is an odd function. Then f1(x + y) + f1(x – y) equals :
[JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 2f1(x) f1(y) (B) 2f1(x + y) f2(x – y)
(C) 2f1(x + y) f1(x – y) (D) 2f1(x)f2(y)
Ans. (A)
x
Sol. f(x) = a (a > 0)
A function can be written as a sum of two functions of which one is odd & other is even as,
f (x) f ( x) f (x) f ( x)
f (x)
2 2
291
Even function Odd function
f1(x) f2(x)
f1(x + y) + f1(x – y)
a x y a (x y) a x y a (x y)
2 2
a x y
a xy a xy a xy
2
a x a y ay ax ay a y
2
1 x
2
a ax a y ay
= 2f1(x) · f1(y)
x2
30. If the function f : R – {1, –1} A defined by f (x) , is surjective, then A is equal to
1 x2
[JEE Main 2019 (09-04-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) [0, ) (B) R– {–1} (C) R – [–1, 0) (D) R – (–1, 0)
Ans. (A)
x2
Sol. Let f (x) y x 2 y yx 2
1 x2
y
x2 0 { x 2 0}
y 1
y (–, –1) [0, ) Which is range of f(x)
Now, for f(x) to be onto,
Range = Co-domain (A)
A = (–, –1) [0, )
A = R – [–1, 0)
292
10
31. Let , f (a k) 16 210 1 where the function f satisfies f (x + y) = f (x) f (y) for all natural
k 1
numbers x, y and f (1) = 2, then the natural number 'a' is :
[JEE Main 2019 (09-04-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 16
Ans. (B)
Sol. f(x + y) = f(x) · f(y)
x
f(x) = b
f(1) = 2, 2 = b
x
f(x) = 2
Now,
10
f (a k) 16(210 1)
k 1
10
2a 2k 16(210 1)
k 1
a 2 3 10 10
2 [2 + 2 + 2 + ….. + 2 ] = 16 (2 – 1)
210 1
2a 2
2 1
16 210 1
a+1 4
2 = 16 = 2
a=3
+ log10 x 3 – x is :
1
32. The domain of the definition of the function f(x) =
4 – x2
(A) – 2, –1 –1, 0 2, (B) –1, 0 1, 2 3,
(C) –1, 0 1, 2 2, (D) 1, 2 2,
[JEE Main 2019 (09-04-2019-Shift-2)]
Ans. (C)
1
Sol. f(x) =
4 x2
log10 x3 x
4 – x2 0
x2 ± 2 ....(1)
x3 – x > 0
x(x2 – 1) > 0
x(x – 1)(x + 1) > 0
x 1,0 1, ...(2)
293
From (1) & (2)
x 1,0 1,2 2,
33. Let f(x) = x2, x R. For any A R , define g(A) = {x R : f(x) A}. If S = [0, 4], then
which one of the following statements is not true ? [JEE Main 2019 (10-04-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) g(f(S)) S (B) f(g(S)) f(S) (C) f(g(S)) = S (D) g(f(S)) =g(S)
Ans. (D)
2
Sol. f(x) = x , x R and g(A) = {x R : f(x) A} ; S = [0, 4]
g(S) = {x R : f(x) S}
2
= {x R : 0 x 4}
= {x R : –2 x 2}
g(S) = [–2, 2]
f(g(S)) = [0, 4] = S
f(S) = [0, 16] f(g(S)) f(S)
g(f(S)) = [–4, 4] g(S) g(f(S)) = g(S) is wrong.
1
34. All the pairs (x, y) that satisfy the inequality 2 sin 2 x – 2sinx +5.
2
1 also satisfy the equation:
4sin y
[JEE Main 2019 (10-04-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) sin x = |sin y| (B) sin x = 2 sin y (C) 2 sin x = sin y (D) 2|sinx| = 3siny
Ans. (A)
2y
sin x 12 4 4sin
Sol. 2
sin x 1 4 2sin 2 y
2
2 2
This is possible only if sin x 1& sin y 1
35. Let f(x) = loge(sinx), (0<x< ) and g(x) = sin–1 (e–x), (x 0), If is a positive real number
such that a = (fog)' () and b = (fog) (), then : [JEE Main 2019 (10-04-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) aα + bα + a = 0
2
(B) aα + bα – a = –2α2
2
(C) aα2 – bα – a = 0 (D) aα2 – bα – a = 1
Ans. (D)
Sol. f(g(x)) = loge (sin(sin-1e-x))
= loge(e-x)
f(g(x)) = – x
294
f'(g(x))=-1
a 1 b
Satisfy a b a 1
2
3 1 – x2
36. For x 0, , let f(x) = x , g(x)= tan x and h x = . If x = hof og) x , then
2 1 + x2
π
is equal to : [JEE Main 2019 (12-04-2019-Shift-1)]
3
5π π 7π 11π
(A) tan (B) tan (C) tan (D) tan
12 12 12 12
Ans. (D)
Sol.
x hof og x
= h{f(g(x)}
g 3
3
f 3 3 1/4
1 3
h 31/4
1 3
1 3
2 3
1 3
11
= tan = tan
12 12
37. For , let [x] denote the greatest integer x, then the sum of the series
–1 –1 1 –1 2 –1 99
3 + 3 – 100 + 3 – 100 + .... + 3 – 100
[JEE Main 2019 (12-04-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) -133 (B) -135 (C) -131 (D) -153
Ans. (A)
1 1 1 1 99
Sol. – 3 – 3 – 100 ..... – 3 – 100
1 66 1 67
......... – – – – .....[ ]
3 100 3 100
= – 67 – 33 × 2
= – 67 – 66
295
= – 133
5
38. If g(x) = x2 + x – 1 and (gof)(x) = 4x2 – 10x + 5, then f is equal to :
4
[JEE Main 2020 (07-01-2020-Shift-1)]
1 3 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
Ans. (A)
Sol. g(f(x)) = f2(x) + f(x) 1
2
5 5 5 5
g f 4 10. 5
4
4
4 4
5 5 5
g f f2 f 1
4 4 4
5 5
f2 f 1
4 4
4
5 1
f2 f 0
4 4 4
2
5 1
f 0
4 2
5 1
f
4 2
82x 82x
39. The inverse function of f (x) , x (1,1) , is ____.
82x 82x
[JEE Main 2020 (07-01-2020-Shift-1)]
1 1 x 1 1 x
(A) (log8 e) loge (B) log e
4 1 x 4 1 x
1 1 x 1 1 x
(C) (log8 e) loge (D) log e
4 1 x 4 1 x
Ans. (A)
82x 82x 84x 1
Sol. f (x) y(let)
82x 82x 84x 1
4x 4x
8 – 1 = y(8 + 1)
4x
(1 – y) 8 = y + 1
y 1
84x
1 y
296
1 y 1
x log8
4 1 y
1 1 x
f 1 (x) log8
4 1 x
x x
40. Let f : (1, 3) R be a function defined by f(x) = , where [x] denotes the greatest integer
1 x2
x. Then the range of f is : [JEE Main 2020 (08-01-2020-Shift-2)]
2 1 3 4 2 4 3 4 2 3 3 4
(A) , , (B) , (C) , (D) , ,
5 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5
Ans. (A)
x x
Sol. f:(1,3) R , f(x) =
1 x2
x
, x 1, 2
1 x2
f(x) =
2x , x [2, 3)
1 x2
1 x2 1 x 2x
, x 1,2
2
1 x2
f'(x) =
1 x2 2 2x 2x
, x [2,3)
2
1 x 2
1 x2
, x 1, 2
2
1 x2
f'(x) = 2
2 2x
, x [2, 3)
2
1 x2
f(x) is decreasing function
2 1 6 4
Rf , ,
5 2 10 5
41. Let S be the set of all real roots of the equation, 3x(3x – 1) + 2 = |3x – 1| + |3x – 2|. Then S :
[JEE Main 2020 (08-01-2020-Shift-2)]
(A) is a singleton (B) contains at least four elements.
(C) contains exactly two elements (D) is an empty set.
Ans. (A)
Sol. 3x(3x – 1) + 2 = |3x – 1| + |3x – 2|
put 3x = t
297
t(t – 1) + 2 = |t – 1| + |t – 2|
t2 – t + 2 = |t – 1|+ |t – 2|
from graph
1 1 2
2
let is real solutions
= 3x
x = x log3 only one solution
singleton set
42. The number of distinct solutions of the equation, log 1 sin x 2 log 1 cos x in the interval
2 2
[0, 2] is ....... [JEE Main 2020 (09-01-2020-Shift-1)]
Ans. (8)
Sol.
0 2
log1 sin x 2 log1 cos x
2 2
1
sin x cos x
4
1
sin2x
2
43. If A = {x R : |x| < 2} and
B = {x R : |x – 2| 3} ; then : [JEE Main 2020 (09-01-2020-Shift-2)]
(A) A B [–1, 2) (B) B – A = R – (–2, 5)
(C) A B (–2, –1) (D) A B R – (2,5)
Ans. (B)
Sol. A {x (–2,2)}
B {| x– 2 | 3}
(x – 2) 3 U (x – 2) – 3
298
x 5 U x – 1
–2 –1 2 5
| x | 5
44. The domain of the function f x sin 1 2 is (, a] [a, ). Then a is equal to :
x 1
[JEE Main 2020 (02-09-2020-Shift-1)]
17 1 17 1 17 17
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 2 2 2
Ans. (C)
| x | 5
Sol. f (x) sin 1 2
x 1
| x | 5
Domain:- 1 1
x2 1
2 2
– x – 1 |x| + 5 x + 1
2 2
x + |x| + 6 0 & x – |x| – 4 0
2
xR and |x| – |x| – 4 0
1 17 1 17
| x | | x | 2 0
2
1 17 1 17
x or x
2 2
1 17 1 17
x , ,
2 2
45. Let f : R R be a function which satisfies f (x y) f (x) f (y) x, y R . If f(1) = 2 and
(n 1)
g(n) f (k), n N then the value of n, for which g(n) = 20, is:
k 1
[JEE Main 2020 (02-09-2020-Shift-2)]
(A) 9 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 20
Ans. (B)
Sol. f(x) = tx
f(1) = t = 2
f(x) = 2x
g(n)=f(1)+f(2)+.........+f(n-1)
= 2 + 4 + 6 + ........+ 2(n-1)
(n 1).n
=2
2
299
= n2–n
Given g(n) = 20 n2 – n = 20
n2 – n–20 = 0
n=5
46. Let [t] denote the greatest integer t. Then the equation in x, [x]2 + 2[x + 2] 7 = 0 has :
[JEE Main 2020 (04-09-2020-Shift-1)]
(A) exactly four integral solutions (B) infinitely many solutions
(C) no integral solution (D) exactly two solutions
Ans. (B)
Sol. [x]2 + 2[x + 2] – 7 = 0
[x]2 +2[x] – 3 = 0
let [x] = y
y2 + 3y – y – 3 = 0
(y – 1)(y + 3) = 0
[x] = 1 or [x] = – 3
x 1,2 & x 3, 2
47. Let A={a,b,c} and B={1,2,3,4}. Then the number of elements in the set
C {f : A B | 2 f (A) }and f is not one–one is_______
[JEE Main 2020 (05-09-2020-Shift-2)]
Ans. (19)
Sol. Case (i) Only ‘2’ in range 1 function
Case (ii) one element out of 1, 3, 4 is in the range with ‘2’
3
No. of ways of selecting one out of 1, 3, 4 = C1
Now, we have two elements 2 & 1 (let says).
3!
distribute a, b, c in two 2!
2!1!
3!
No. of ways 3C1 2! 18
2!1!
From case (i) & case (ii)
Total no. of functions = 1 + 18 = 19
300
48. If f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) and f (x) 2 , x, yN, where N is the set of all natural number, then
x 1
f (4)
the value of is : [JEE Main 2020 (06-09-2020-Shift-1)]
f (2)
2 1 1 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 9 3 9
Ans. (D)
x
Sol. f(x + y) = f(x) · f(y) f(x) = a
f (x) 2
x 1
a x 2 a a 2 a 3 ..... 2
x 1
a 2
2a
1 a 3
f (4) 2 / 3
x 4
2 4
f (x)
3 f (2) 2 / 3 2
9
ax
49. For a suitably chosen real constant a, let a function, f: R–{–a} R be defined by f (x) .
ax
1
Further suppose that for any real number x – a and f(x) –a, (fof)(x) = x. Then f is
2
equal to:
[JEE Main 2020 (06-09-2020-Shift-2)]
1 1
(A) –3 (B) 3 (C) (D) –
3 3
Ans. (B)
ax
Sol. f (x)
ax
Now, f(f(x) = x
–1
f (x) = f(x)
1 x a x
a
1 x a x
301
a 2 ax a 2 x ax 2 a x ax x 2
a 2 a x 1 a x 2 1 a 0
2
a a 1 x 1 a x 2 1 a 0
2
1 a a x 1 a x 2 0
a 1
1 x
f (x)
1 x
1 1/ 2
f 1/ 2 3
1 1/ 2
50. Suppose that function f : R R satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y R and f(1)=3. If
n
f (i) 363 , then n is equal to .......
i 1
[JEE Main 2020 (06-09-2020-Shift-2)]
Ans. (5)
x
Sol. f(x + y) = f(x) · f(y) f(x) = a
f(1) = 3, a = 3
x
f(x) = 3
Now,
n n
f (i) 363 3i 363
i 1 i 1
3 32 33 ..... 3n 363
G.P.
3n 1
3 363 3n 243
3 1
n = 5
1
x–
51. Let ƒ : R R be defined as ƒ(x) = 2x – 1 and g : R – {1} R be defined as g (x) 2.
x –1
Then the composition function ƒ(g(x)) is :
[JEE Main 2021 (24-02-2021-Shift-1)]
(A) onto but not one-one (B) both one-one and onto
(C) one-one but not onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
Ans. (C)
302
2x 1
Sol. f (g(x)) 2g(x) 1 2 1
2(x 1)
x 1
1
x 1 x 1
Range of ƒ(g(x)) = – {1}
Range of ƒ(g(x)) is not onto
& ƒ(g(x)) is one-one
So ƒ(g(x)) is one-one but not onto.
52. If a + = 1, b + = 2 and
1
f(x) f
1 x
af(x) f bx , x 0, then the value of expression is_________.
x x 1
x
x
[JEE Main 2021 (24-02-2021-Shift-2)]
Ans. (2)
1
Sol. af(x) f bx ……(1)
x x
1
replace x by
x
1 b
af f(x) x ……(2)
x x
(1) + (2)
1 1
(a )f(x) (a )f x(b ) (b )
x x
1
f(x) f
x b 2 2
1 a 1
x
x
53. Let f, g : N N such that f(n + 1) = f(n) + f(1) n N and g be any arbitrary function. Which
of the following statements is NOT true? [JEE Main 2021 (25-02-2021-Shift-1)]
(A) If fog is one-one, then g is one-one (B) If f is onto, then f(n) = n n N
(C) f is one-one (D) If g is onto, then fog is one-one
Ans. (D)
Sol. f(n + 1) – f(n) = f(1)
f(n) = nf (1)
f is one-one
303
Now, Let f (g(x2)) = f(g(x1))
g(x2) = g(x1) (as f is one-one)
x1 = x2 (if fog is one-one)
g is one-one
Now, f(g(n)) = g(n) f(1)
may be many-one if
g(n) is many-one
5x
54. A function f(x) is given by f x , then the sum of the series
5x 5
1 2 3 39
f f f ..... f is equal to : [JEE Main 2021 (25-02-2021-Shift-2)]
20 20 20 20
19 49 29 39
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
Ans. (D)
5x 5
Sol. f x f 2 x
5x 5 5 5
x
f(x) + f(2 – x) = 1
1 2 39
f f .... f
20 20 20
1 39 19 21 20
f f .... f f f
20 20 20 20 20
1 39
19
2 2
55. Let x denote the total number of one-one functions from a set A with 3 elements to a set B with
5 elements and y denote the total number of one-one functions from the set A to the set A × B.
Then : [JEE Main 2021 (25-02-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) y = 273x (B) 2y = 91x (C) y = 91x (D) 2y = 273x
Ans. (B)
5
Sol. x = C3 × 3! = 60
15
y = C3 × 3! = 15 × 14 × 13 = 30 × 91
2y = 91x
304
k 1 if k is odd
56. Let A = {1, 2, 3, ..., 10} and f : A A be defined as f(k)
k if k is even
Then the number of possible functions g : A A such that gof = f is
[JEE Main 2021 (26-02-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 105 10
(B) C5 (C) 55 (D) 5!
Ans. (A)
x 1, if x is odd
Sol. f(x)
x, if x is even
g : A A such that g(f(x)) = f(x)
If x is even then g(x) = x ...(1)
If x is odd then g(x + 1) = x + 1 ...(2)
from (1) and (2) we can say that
g(x) = x if x is even
If x is odd then g(x) can take any value in set A
5
so number of g(x) = 10 × 1
–1 x2 x 2
57. Let f(x) = sin x and g(x) . If g(2) lim g(x) , then the domain of the function fog is :
2x 2 x 6 x 2
[JEE Main 2021 (26-02-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) , 2 , (B) , 2 1, (C) , 2 , (D) , 1 2,
3 4
2 3
Ans. (C)
–1
Sol. Domain of fog(x) = sin (g(x))
3
g(x) 1 , g(2)
7
x2 x 2
1
2x 2 x 6
x 1 x 2 1
2x 3 x 2
x 1 x 1
1 and 1
2x 3 2x 3
x 1 2x 3 x 1 2x 3
0 and 0
2x 3 2x 3
x2 3x 4
0 and 0
2x 3 2x 3
305
4
x , 2 ,
3
58. The number of elements in the set {x : (|x| – 3) |x + 4| = 6} is equal to :
[JEE Main 2021 (16-03-2021-Shift-1)]
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 1
Ans. (2)
Sol. x–4
(|x| – 3) |x + 4| = 6
6
| x | 3
|x4|
No. of solutions = 2
59. The inverse of y = 5log x is : [JEE Main 2021 (17-03-2021-Shift-1)]
1 1
logy log5
(A) x = 5 (B) x = y (C) x y log5
(D) x 5 log y
Ans. (C)
log x
Sol. y=5
log5
y=x
1
y log 5 x
cosec 1 x
60. The real valued function f(x) , where[x] denotes the greatest integer less than or
x [x]
equal to x, is defined for all x belonging to : [JEE Main 2021 (18-03-2021-Shift-1)]
(A) all reals except integers (B) all non-integers except the interval [–1,1]
(C) all integers except [0,–1,1] (D) all reals except the Interval [–1,1]
Ans. (B)
cosec 1x
Sol. f(x)
{x}
Domain (–, 1] [1, )
306
{x} 0 so x integers
61. If the functions are defined as f (x) x and g(x) 1 x, then what is the common domain
of the following functions :
f (x)
f + g, f – g, f/g, g/f, g – f where (f ± g) (x) = f (x) g(x), (f / g)(x)
g(x)
[JEE Main 2021 (18-03-2021-Shift-1)]
(A) 0 x 1 (B) 0 x < 1 (C) 0 < x < 1 (D) 0 < x 1
Ans. (C)
Sol. f(x) g(x) x 1 x, domain [0, 1]
f(x) g(x) x 1 x, domain [0, 1]
g(x) f(x) 1 x x, domain [0, 1]
f(x) x
, domain [0, 1)
g(x) 1 x
g(x) 1 x
, domain (0, 1]
f(x) x
So, common domain is (0, 1)
x2
62. Let f : R – {3} R – {1} be defined by f (x) . Let g : R R be given as g(x) = 2x – 3.
x 3
13
Then, the sum of all the values of x for which f 1 x g 1 x is equal to
2
[JEE Main 2021 (18-03-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 7 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 3
Ans. (C)
x2
Sol. f(x) y
x3
3y 2
x
y 1
3x 2
f 1(x)
x 1
& g(x) = y = 2x – 3
y3
x
2
x3
g1(x)
2
307
13
f 1(x) g1 (x)
2
x1
2
x – 5x + 6 = 0
x2
sum of roots x1 + x2 = 5
63. Let [x] denote the greatest integer x, where x R. If the domain of the real valued function
x 2
f (x) is (,a) [b,c) [4, ),a b c, then the value of a + b + c is :
x 3
[JEE Main 2021 (20-07-2021-Shift-1)]
(A) 1 (B) –2 (C) 8 (D) –3
Ans. (B)
[x] 2
Sol. 0 [x] 3 0
[x] 3
Let t [x] , t 0
t2
0
t 3
t , 2 3, t 0
[x] [0, 2] (3, )
[x] , 3 [2, 2] 3,
x , 3 [2,3) 4,
So a = –3, b = –2 , c = 3
So a + b +c = –2
5x 3
64. Let f : R – R be defined by f(x) = . Then the value of a for which (f0f)(x) = x,
6 6x
for all x R , is: [JEE Main 2021 (20-07-2021-Shift-2)]
6
(A) No such exists (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 5
Ans. (D)
5x 3
Sol. f (x)
6x
308
5x 3
5 3
6x
f(f (x)) x
5x 3
6
6x
25x 15 18x 3
x
30x 18 6x 2
25x 15 18x 3 30x 2 18x 6x 2 2x
25x 15 3 30x 2 6x 2 2x
(30 6) x 2 (2 25) x 3 15 0
6(5 ) x 2 ( 5)( 5) x 3( 5) 0
65. Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Then, the value of x R satisfying
the equation [ex]2 + [ex + 1]–3 = 0 lie in the interval : [JEE Main 2021 (22-07-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) [0,1/e) (B) [1, e) (C) [loge2, loge3) (D) [0, loge2)
Ans. (D)
Sol. [ex]2 + [ex + 1] –3 = 0
[ex]2 + [ex] –2 = 0
Let [ex] = t
t2 + t –2 = 0
(t + 2) (t – 1) = 0
t = 1, –2
[ex] : 1, –2 (–2 is not possible)
[ex] = 1
x [0, n2)
66. Let A = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Then the number of bijective functions f : A A such that
f(1) + f(2) = 3 – f (3) is equal to- [JEE Main 2021 (22-07-2021-Shift-2)]
Ans. (720)
Sol. f(1) + f(2) = 3 – f(3)
f(1) + f(2) + f(3) = (3)
{(f(1),f(2), f(3)} = {(0,1,2) (0,2,1)(1,0,2) (1,2,0) (2,1,0) (2,0,1)} = 3! = 6
And {f(0), f(4), f(5), f(6), f(7)} = 5!
Total such function = 5! × 3!= 720
67. Let g : N N defined as [JEE Main 2021 (25-07-2021-Shift-1)]
g(3n + 1) = 3n + 2,
g(3n + 2) = 3n + 3,
g(3n + 3) = 3n +1, for all n 0.
Then which of the following statements is ture ?
309
(A) gogog = g
(B) There exists a function f : N N such that gof = f
(C) There exists a one-one function f : N N such that fog = f
(D) There exists an onto function f : N N such that fog = f
Ans. (D)
Sol. g(3n + 1) = 3n + 2
g(3n + 2) = 3n + 3
g(3n + 3) = 3n +1, n 0
For x = 3n + 1
(1) gogog (3n + 1) = gog(3n + 2) = g(3n + 3) = 3n + 1
Similarly
gogog (3n + 2) = 3n + 2
gogog (3n + 3) = 3n + 3
So gogog (x) = x x N
(2) As f : N N, f = 3n + 1
= 3n + 2
= 3n + 3
So, g(3n + 1) = 3n + 2, g(3n + 2) = 3n + 3, g(3n + 3) = 3n + 1
So g(f(x)) f(x)
(3) If f : N N and f is a one-one function such that f(g(x)) = f(x) then
g(x) = x
but g(x) x
(4) If f : N N and f is an onto function such that f(g(x)) = f(x) then
One of its possibilities is by taking f(x) as onto function
a x 3n 1
f (x) a x 3n 2, aN
a x 3n 3
f g x f (x)x N
68. Consider function f : A B and g : B C (A, B, C R) such that (gof)–1 exists, then :
[JEE Main 2021 (25-07-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) f is onto and g is one-one
(B) f is one-one and g is onto
(C) f and g both are onto
(D) f and g both are one-one
Ans. (B)
Sol. Let f is not a one-one function then
Let f(x1) = f(x2) = y B and g(y) = z
gof(x1) = g(f(x1)) = g(y) = z
and gof(x2) = g(f(x2)) = g(y) = z
x1
(gof)–1 (z) = does not exists
x2
Hence f must be one-one
Again let g is not onto function and f is one-one then clearly (gof)–1 does not exists.
Hence (2) correct.
310
100
(1)n n
69. If [x] be the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then is equal to :
n 8 2
[JEE Main 2021 (25-07-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) –2 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 0
Ans. (C)
100
n n
Sol. n 8
(1) 2 [4] [4.5] [5] [–5.5] ....... [49] [–49.5] [50]
–1 –1
–1 × 46 + 50 = 4
70. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Then the number of possible function f : S S such that
f(m.n) = f(m).f(n) for every m, n S and m·n S is equal to ……….
[JEE Main 2021 (27-07-2021-Shift-1)]
Ans. (490)
Sol. S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
F : S S such that f(m.n) = f(m). f(n) m, n S and m·n S
Then
Case. I m = 1 , then f(n) = f(1) f(n)
f(n) (1 – f(1)) = 0
f(1) = 1
When m = n = 2 f(4) = f(2) f(2)
f (2) 1 f (4) 1
= f (2) 2 f (4) 4
f (2) 3 f (4) 9 s
Hence f(2) can be 1 or 2
Put m = 2, n = 3
when f (2) 1 , f (3) 1, 2,3,........7
f(6) = f(2) f(3) = f (6) 1, 2,3,.........7 f (4) 4
f (2) 2 f (3) 1, 2,3
then
Also f(5) & f(7) may take any value from {1, 2, 3, …. 0 …… 7}
So total number of such function = 1 × 1 × 7 × 1 × 7 × 1 × 7 + 1 × 1 × 3 × 1 × 7 × 1 × 7
= 49(7 + 3) = 490
71. Let f : R R be defined as
1 20
1
f(x + y) + f(x – y) = 2f(x) f(y), f = –1. Then the value of is equal
2 k 1 sin k sin k f (k)
to : [JEE Main 2021 (27-07-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) sec2 (21) sin (20) sin (2) (B) sec2 (1) sec (21) cos (20)
(C) cosec2 (1) cosec (21) sin (20) (D) cosec2 (21) cos (20) cos (2)
Ans. (C)
Sol. f : R R
311
1
f(x + y) + f(x – y) = 2f(x) f(y), f = –1
2
Put y = 0 2f(x) = 2f(x) f(0)
2f(x)(f(0)–1) = 0
f(0) = 1 or f (x) = 0 x.
1
But f = –1 f(x) = 0 x Rejected.
2
Hence f (0) = 1
Now put x = 0 in given equation we have
f(y) + f (–y) = 2f (0) f (y)
f(y) + f (–y) = 2 f(y)
f(–y) = f (y) f is even function
Put x = y f(2x) + f (0) = 2f2 (x)
f(2x) + 1 = 2 f2(x)
f(1) + 1 = 2 f2 = 2
1
2
f(1) = 1 ……………..(1)
Put y = 1 is given function equation we have
f(x + 1) + f (x – 1) = 2f(x) ……………..(2)
f(x + 1), f(x), f(x –1) are in AP x.
f(0) = 1 & f(1) = 1
f(2) = f(3) = ………..= f (20) = 1
20
1
Hence
k 1 sin k sin k f (k)
20
1
= sin k sin k 1
k 1
20
1 sin (k 1) – k
= sin1 sin k sin k 1
k 1
= Cosec 1 {(cot 1 – cot2) + (cot2 – cot3) + (cot3 – cot4) + …….+(cot20 – cot 21)}
= Cosec 1 . {cot 1 – cot21}
sin (21 –1)
= Cosec 1 .
sin1.sin 21
2
= Cosec 1. Sin20 Cosec 21
1 x
72. The domain of the function cos ec1 is: [JEE Main 2021 (26-08-2021-Shift-2)]
x
1 1
(A) , 0 (B) , 0
2 2
1 1
(C) 1, 0, (D) , 0 1,
2 2
Ans. (B)
312
1 x 1 x
Sol. 1 or 1
x x
1 x x 1 x x
0 or 0
x x
2x 1 1
0 or 0
x x
1
x ,0 or x 0,
2
1
x , 0
2
73.
If A x R : x 2 1 , B x R : x 2 3 1 , C x R : x 4 2 and Z is the set of
all integers, then the number of subsets of the set A B C Z is ______.
C
[JEE Main 2021 (27-08-2021-Shift-1)]
Ans. (256)
Topic- Function
Sol. A ,1 3,
B , 2 2,
C , 2 6,
So, A B C , 2 6,
z A B C 2, 1,0, 1, 2,3, 4,5
Hence, number of its subsets 28 256
74. Which of the following is not correct for relation R on the set of real numbers?
(A) x, y R x y 1 is reflexive and symmetric
(B) x, y R 0 x y 1 is neither transitive nor symmetric
(C) x, y R x y 1 is reflexive but not symmetric
(D) x, y R 0 x y 1 is symmetric and transitive
[Jee main 2021 (31-08-2021-shift-1)]
Ans. (D)
0 x y 1
Sol. is symmetric
0 y x 1
Let 0 x y 1 …… (1)
313
1, 2 R and 2,3 R satisfy the equation (1)
But 1,3 R not satisfied
Hence, 0 x y 1 is symmetric but not transitive relation.
75. Let f : N N be a function such that f m n f m f n for every m, n N . If f(6) = 18
then f 2 f 3 is equal to: [JEE Main 2021 (31-08-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 18 (B) 36
(C) 6 (D) 54
Ans. (D)
Sol. f 3 3 f 3 f 3 f 3 9
f 3 f 2 1 f 2 f 1
f 1 1 f 1
f 1 f 1 f 1
9 3f 1 f 1 3
f 2 f 1 1 f 1 f 1 6
f 2 f 3 6 9 54
76. The range of the function [JEE Main 2021 (01-09-2021-Shift-2)]
3 3
f x log 5 3 cos x cos x cos x cos x is
4 4 4 4
1
(A) , 5
5
(B) 0, 5
(C) 0, 2 (D) 2, 2
Ans. (C)
Sol. f x log 5 3 2 sin x 2 cos x
2 2 sin x 2 cos x 2
1 3 2 sin x 2 cos x 5
log 5 1 f x log 5 5
0 f x 2
2
77. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 such that f k for k = 2, 3, 4, 5. Then the value of
k
52 – 10 f(10) is equal to: [JEE Main 2021 (01-09-2021-Shift-2)]
Ans. (26)
Sol. Let kf(k) + 2 = a (k – 2) (k – 3) (k – 4) (k –5) …… (i)
314
Put k = 0
2 = a (–2) (–3) (–4) (–5)
1
a
60
1
Put a in (i), we get
60
1
kf k 2 k 2 k 3 k 4 k 5
60
Now, put k = 10
1
10f 10 2 8 7 6 5
60
10f 10 26
So, 52 10f 10 26
315
Function Solved Exercise – 5
1. Let f(x) = x2 and g(x) = sin x for all x R. Then the set of all x satisfying
(f o g o g o f)(x) = (g o g o f)(x), where (f o g)(x) = f(g(x)), is [JEE Adv. 2011]
(A) ± n , n {0, 1, 2, ....} (B) ± n , n {1, 2, ....}
(C) + 2n, n {...., –2, –1, 0, 1, 2.....} (D) 2n, n {...., –2, –1, 0, 1, 2.....}
2
Ans. (A)
Sol. f(x) = x2 & g(x) = sin x
(fogogof)(x) = sin2(sin x2)
and (gogof)(x) = sin(sin x2)
Now, (fogogof)(x) = (gogof)(x)
sin2(sin x2) = sin (sin x2)
sin(sin x2) [sin(sin x2) – 1] = 0
sin (sin x2) = 0 or sin (sin x2) = 1
sin x2 = nor sin x2 = (4n + 1) /2; n I
sin x2 = 0 Rejected (4n 1) [1, 1]
2
x2 = m ; m {0, 1,2,3,……} Ans.
2. The function f : [0, 3] [1, 29], defined by f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1, is
[JEE Adv. 2012]
(A) one-one and onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) one-one but not onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
Ans. (B)
Sol. f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1
f (x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 6(x – 2)(x – 3)
+ + – +
2 2 3
2 Max. 2 Min.
f(0) = 1
f(2) = 29
316
f(3) = 28
for x [0, 3]
Range of f(x) is [1, 29] = co-domain
+ y
+ 29
+ 28
+ + + + x
+0 2 + 3
f(x) is many-one and onto Ans.
3. Let f : , R be given by f(x) = (log(sec x + tan x))3 . Then [JEE Adv. 2014]
2 2
(A) f(x) is an odd function (B) f(x) is a one-one function
(C) f(x) is an onto function (D) f(x) is an even function
Ans. (ABC)
Sol. f(x) = (n (sec x + tan x))3
f(–x) = (n(sec x – tan x))3
ba
=
5!
= n(sec x tan x) f (x)
3
f(x) is an odd function
Now,
sec x tan x sec 2 x
f (x) = 3(n (sec x + tan x)2 ×
(sec x tan x)
= 3 (n (sec x + tan x))2 × sec x > 0 x ,
2 2
One-one function
x x
1 tan 2 2 tan
2 2
2 x 2 x
1 tan 1 tan
2 2
317
x
1 tan
2
x
1 tan
2
x
Increasing tan
4 2
Increasing
tan 0,
2
n 0,
,
3
,
Inc
3
Inc
4. Let X be a set with exactly 5 elements and Y be a set with exactly 7 elements. If a is the
number of one-one functions from X to Y and b is the number of onto functions from
ba
Y to X, then the value of is. [JEE Adv. 2018]
5!
Ans. (119)
Sol. n(x) = 5 and n(y) = 7
a = Number of one-one functions from X to Y
= 7C5 × 5 ! = 2! × 5!
b = Number of onto functions from y to x
+ 7 + 7
or
+ 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2
7! 1 7! 1 1
b 4 5!
(1!) 3! 4! (1!) (2!) 3! 2!
3 2
= (140) × 5!
ba
140 21 119 Ans.
5!
318
5. If the function f : R R is defined by f(x) = |x| (x–sinx), then which of the following
statements is TRUE ? [JEE Adv. 2020]
(A) f is one-one, but NOT onto (B) f is onto, but NOT one-one
(C) f is BOTH one-one and onto (D) f is NEITHER one-one NOR onto
Ans. (C)
Sol. f(x) = |x| (x – sin x)
f(– x) = |x| (– x + sin x) = – |x| (x – sin x)
f(– x) = – f(x) odd function.
Now, x 0, f(x) = x2 – x sin x
f (x) = 2x – x cos x – sin x
f '(x) (x sin x) x (1 cos x) 0 x 0
ve ve
f(x) is increasing x 0
Now, x < 0, f(x) = – x2 + x sin x
f (x) = –2x + x cos x + sin x
f '(x) (x sin x) x (1 cos x) 0 x 0
ve ve
+ y
+ x
+ (0,0)
one-one & onto Ans.
4x
6. Let the function f : [0, 1] R be defined by f (x) .Then the value of is
4x 2
1 2 3 39 1
f f ......f f [JEE Adv. 2020]
40 40 40 40 2
Ans. (19)
4x
Sol. f(x) =
4x 2
41 x 4 / 4x 2
f (1 x) 1 x
4 2 4 / 4 2 2 4x
x
f(x) + f(1 – x) = 1
319
Now,
1 2 20 2 1 1
f f ...... f ......f 1 f 1 f
40 40 40 40 40 2
1 1 2 2 19 19
f f 1 f 1 ...... f f 1
40 40 40 40 40 40
= 1 + 1 + 1……+ 1 (19 times)
= 19 Ans.
320
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