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25 views2 pages

Formulasheet

Uploaded by

delisha ch
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Math 1100 Formula Sheet

Quadratic Formula Equation of a Line Normal Slope


−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −1
𝑥= 𝑦 – 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 – 𝑥0 ) 𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚 = 𝑚
2𝑎 tan

Trigonometric Ratios
θ=0 θ = π/6 θ = π/4 θ = π/3 θ = π/2
sin(θ) 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1
cos(θ) 1 √3/2 1/√2 1/2 0
tan(θ) 0 1/√3 1 √3 und.

Trigonometric Identities
1 1 𝜋 𝜋
sec 𝜃 = cos 𝜃, csc 𝜃 = sin 𝜃, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2 − 𝜃) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2 − 𝜃) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

sin 2  + cos2  = 1 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 ± 𝛽) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 ± 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 ± 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 ∓ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 ± 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽
𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼 ± 𝛽) =
1 ∓ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1 = 1 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃


𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 =
2 2

𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 = ±√
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃  1 + cos  𝜃 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 = ±√1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 =
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
2 cos = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
2 2

Operations Rules for Logarithms:

log 𝑏 (𝑀 ⋅ 𝑁) = log 𝑏 (𝑀) + log 𝑏 (𝑁) log 𝑏 (𝑀/𝑁) = log 𝑏 (𝑀) − log 𝑏 (𝑁)

log𝑎 (𝑀)
log 𝑏 (𝑀𝑁 ) = 𝑁 log 𝑏 (𝑀) log 𝑏 (𝑀) = log𝑎(𝑏)

Continuity
f is continuous at a if lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎

Definition of Derivative
𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑎) 𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = lim 𝑥−𝑎 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
𝑥→𝑎 ℎ→0 ℎ
Differentiation Rules
𝑑 𝑑
𝑐=0 𝑐∈𝐑 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 (𝑛 ≠ 0)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 1 −1 𝑑 2 1
𝑒𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥 ln 𝑥 = 1/𝑥 = √𝑥 = 2 2√𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 tan 𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥 cot 𝑥 = −csc 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
sec 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 csc 𝑥 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑 −1
arcsin 𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2 arccos 𝑥 = − √1−𝑥 2 arctan 𝑥 = 1+𝑥 2 arccsc 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥√𝑥 2 −1
𝑑 1 𝑑 −1
arcsec 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑡 = 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥√𝑥 2 −1 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)−𝑔′ (𝑥)𝑓(𝑥)


[𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)
+𝑔 ′ (𝑥)𝑓(𝑥)
= 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑔(𝑥))
𝑑
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑔)𝑔′ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

L’Hôpital’s Trig Limit


𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) sin 𝜃 tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃−1
lim 𝑔(𝑥) = lim 𝑔′ (𝑥) lim =1 lim =1 lim =0
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝜃→0 𝜃 𝜃→0 𝜃 𝜃→0 𝜃

𝑑 𝑑
Motion Laws: s(𝑡) = position, 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 𝑠(𝑡) = velocity 𝑎(𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 𝑣(𝑡) = acceleration

Exponential Growth/Decay Newton’s Law of Cooling Newton’s Method


𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑇 𝑓(𝑥 )
= 𝑘𝑦 ⟺ 𝑦 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 𝑇(𝑡) = 𝑇𝑠 + (𝑇0 − 𝑇𝑠 )𝑒 𝑘𝑡 ⟺ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑠 ) 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 − 𝑓′ (𝑥𝑛 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑛

Linear Approximations 𝐿(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎) + 𝑓′(𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑎)

Intermediate Value Theorem


If 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous on [𝑎, 𝑏] and 𝑁 is in [𝑓(𝑎), 𝑓(𝑏)], then there is 𝑐 in (𝑎, 𝑏) such that 𝑓(𝑐) = 𝑁.

Mean Value Theorem


𝑓(𝑏)−𝑓(𝑎)
If 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable on (𝑎, 𝑏) then there is 𝑐 in (𝑎, 𝑏) with 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 𝑏−𝑎

Antiderivative
𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑛+1 𝑥 𝑛+1 + 𝑐 ∫ (𝑎𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑏𝑔(𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦⁄
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
Parametric Equations = 𝑑𝑥⁄
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡

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