Complete the graph below:

2.6

We use forces in our daily activities. Forces can make

things move; slow down or stopped a moving object;
change direction of moving object; change shape of an
object and resist other forces.
The relationship between force, F, mass, m and
acceleration, a is given:

F α ma
F α m (v – u) Change of = mv - mu
t Momentum
F α (mv – mu)
t
Rate of change = (mv – mu)
Of Momentum t

State Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Diagram (a) shows a force, F acts on an object of mass

m. What happens to the object? Write an equation for Newton’s Second law of motion if
F = force, m = mass and a = acceleration.
…………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2:
1. Calculate the acceleration of the block:

What happens if the force acting on the same mass is

doubled as shown in Diagram (b)?

……………………………………………………………..

State the relationship between force, F and acceleration, a?

………………………………………………………………

What happens if the same force, F acts on mass of 2m

as shown in Diagram (c)?

………………………………………………………………

State the relationship between jisim,m and acceleration, a?

………………………………………………………………
2. A man pushes a trolley with 5 kg box on a smooth Force , F/N Acceleration, a / cms-2
surface. If he uses a force of 30 N to move the
trolley, what is the magnitude and direction of the 10.0
acceleration of the trolley?
20.0

30.0

Draw acceleration against force graph on a graph paper.

3. An object of mass 2 kg is pulled on the floor by a State the relationship between force and acceleration.
force of 5 N and having a constant velocity.
(a) What is the frictional force between the object ………………………………………………………………
and the floor.
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the object if the ………………………………………………………………
object is pulled by a 17 N force. B. To investigate the relationship between mass and
acceleration at a constant force

1. A trolley of mass 1.0 kg is placed on the runway. A

length of ticker tape is attached to the trolley.
2. The ticker timer is switched on and the trolley is
pulled by a weight of force, F = 10.0 N.
4. A bus of mass 2 000 kg travels with a uniform 3. From the ticker tape obtained, the acceleration of the
velocity 40 ms-1 for a distance 2500 m before it trolley is calculated by using the formula a = (v – u)/t.
comes to rest. Calculate 4. Experiment is repeated by adding trolleys so that
(a) the average deceleration of the bus mass of trolley m = 2 kg, and 3 kg,
(b) the average force applied by the brakes to
bring the bus to a standstill mass m/kg Acceleration a/ cms-2

Activity 1:
Aim: To investigate the relationship between force and
acceleration and the relationship between mass and
acceleration

Apparatus: Ticker timer, alternating current power

supply, runway, three trolleys, smoothe pulley Draw acceleration against mass graph on a graph paper.
Materials: Ticker tape, cellophane tape, inelastic string, State the relationship between mass and acceleration.
slotted mass of 100 g.
………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………

TUTORIAL 2.6:
1 A cyclist cycles his bicycle with a force of 120 N.

A. To investigate the relationship between force and

acceleration with a fixed mass

1. A trolley of mass 1.0 kg is placed on the frictional

compesanate runway. A length of ticker tape is
attached to the trolley.
2. The ticker timer is switched on and the trolley is
pulled by a weight of force, F = 10.0 N.
3. From the ticker tape obtained, the acceleration of the If the total mass of the bicycle and cyclist is 80 kg, the
trolley is calculated by using the formula a = (v – u)/t. acceleration is
4. Experiment is repeated by adding slotted weights to A 0.67 m s -2
pull the trolley so that F = 20.0 N, and 30.0 N. B 0.80 m s -2
C 1.25 m s -2
D 1.50 m s -2
2 Which of the following systems will produce maximum 6 Diagram 5 shows a toy car of mass 4 kg. The car is
acceleration? pushed forward by a force of 10 N. The frictional force
between the toy car and the floor is 2 N.

What is the acceleration of the toy car? (2010)

A. 20 ms-2
B. 12 ms-2
C. 5 ms-2
D. 2 ms-2

1. SPM 2014
Diagram 4.1 shows a 50 kg box is pushed by a man with
3 The diagram shows an Formula-1 racing car. a force of 300 N. The box moved with a constant
velocity.

Why does the car’s design engineer use light composite

materials for making the body of the car although its
engine is powerful ?
A. Acceleration increases if mass decreases.
B. A small mass produces a large force.
C. A large force produces a large inertia.
D. Composite material of small mass reduces cost.
(a) What is the meaning of force? [1 mark]
4 Diagram 4 shows a car with a mass of 1000 kg moving
with an acceleration of 2 ms-2. There is a frictional
……………………………………………………………..
force of 900 N acting on the car.
……………………………………………………………..

(b) (i) What is the frictional force acting on the box?

……………………………………………………[1 mark]
(i) Sketch a displacement-time graph motion of
What is the force exerted by the engine of the car? the box in Diagram 4.2.
A. 900 N
B. 1 100 N
C. 2 000 N
D. 2 900 N

5 F1 , F2 and F3 are forces with the same magnitude acting

on a wooden block. Which diagram shows the maximum
resultant force acting on the wooden block? (2008)

(c) The pushing force of the box is increased to 350 N.

Calculate
(i) The resultant force acting on the box.
[2 marks]

(ii) The acceleration of the box [2 marks]

2. SPM 2016: (d) (i) What happen to the acceleration of bicycle
Diagram 5.1 shows two cyclists cycling the bicycle and in Diagram 5.1 when both cyclists bend
reached the distance shown in 3 seconds. Diagram 5.2 their bodies forward?
shows only one of the cyclists cycling the bicycle and
reached the same distance in 7 seconds. ………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]
(a) Name the force which acted between the bicycle tyre
and the road. (ii) Give one reason for your answer in 5(d)(i).

……………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………
[1 mark] [1 mark]

3. Section C
Diagram 9.1 shows two identical boats, R and S with the
same mass. Boat R is paddled by one person while boat
S is paddled by two persons. In 5 minutes, the distance
travelled by boat R is 100 m and the distance travelled
by boat S is 200 m.

(b) Observe Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2. Diagram 9.1 / Rajah 9.1

(i) Compare the forces applied by the cyclists that (a) What is meant by mass? [1 mark]
cause the bicycle to move forward. (b) Based o Diagram 9.1,
(i) Contrast the distance travelled, the force
……………………………………………………………… applied and the acceleration between boat R
[1 mark] and boat S
(ii) Compare the time taken to travel the same
distance. (ii) Relate the distance travelled by the boat and
the force applied to make a deduction
……………………………………………………………… regarding the relationship between the force
[1 mark] applied and the acceleration of the boat.
[5 marks]
(iii) Based on the answer in 5(b)(ii), compare the
acceleration of the bicycle. (c) One of the men in the boat drops a stone into the
water. Diagram 9.2 shows the velocity-time graph
……………………………………………………………… of the motion of the stone in the water.
[1 mark]

(iv) Relate the forces applied by the cyclists to the

acceleration of the bicycle.

………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(c) Name the physics law involved in 5(b)(iv).

………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

Diagram 9.2 / Rajah 9.2

 Based on Diagram 9.2, describe the motion of the
stone in the water. Explain why the motion is as
shown in Diagram 9.2.
[4 marks]

(d) Diagram 9.3 shows a fishing boat.

Diagram 9.3 / Rajah 9.3

You are required to modify the fishing boat into a

speed boat that can travel faster.

Using your knowledge of motion, forces and

properties of material, state and explain the
modifications based on the characteristics of the
boat, engine power and size of propeller.
[10 marks]