Academic Council dated 20th May, 2021 as per Item Number: 2.

03

DOMBIVLI SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL’S,

K.V. PENDHARKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE,
(AUTONOMOUS) DOMBIVLI (EAST), DIST. THANE
(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Faculty of Science
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
(Programme: Bachelor of Science: B.Sc.)

SYLLABUS FOR
F. Y. B.Sc. – PHYSICS (Semester I and II)

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

(with effect from the Academic Year: 2021-2022)

K. P. Phalak
Chairman BoS and
Head, Department of Physics
 Revised Syllabus in Physics (Theory and Practical) as per Choice
Based Credit System

F. Y. B.Sc. (CBCS) there will be three papers, two theory and one practical each
semester with 2 credits per paper.
Course code Title Credits
Semester I
PUSPHI21-141 Classical Mechanics, Optics and 2
Thermodynamics
PUSPHI21-142 Nuclear Physics and Modern Physics 2
PUSPHI21-P101 Practical I 2
Total= 06

Semester II
PUSPHII21-241 2
Mathematical Physics and Crystal
Physics
PUSPHII21-242 Electricity and Electronics 2

PUSPHII21-202 Practical II 2

Total=06
 Evaluation Pattern:
1. All examinations will be conducted by the college. Each paper carries 100 marks in the 60-40
pattern i.e. 60 marks for semester end examination and 40 marks for internal/continuous assessment
and or project. The passing in each paper will be of scoring minimum 40% marks in each paper
combined internal plus semester end examination.
2. In each semester, the student will have to submit Project/Assignment/Journal for theory papers in
the College before appearing for the Semester End Examination. The last date of submission of the
Project will be officially declared by the College.
3. The Project work will be carried out by the student with the guidance of the concerned Faculty
Member who will be allotted to the student as the Guide for the Project.
4. The practical examination will be conducted at the end of the semester. The examination will be of
100 marks per paper and minimum marks for passing will be 40%.

Examination Pattern: For F.Y.B.Sc.

Theory Examination

1. Internal Assessment 40 Marks

1.1 One class test (Objectives/ Multiple Choice) 20 Marks
1.2 Assignment/ Project/ Presentation/Book or research paper Review Active 15 Marks
1.3 Participation, Overall performance 05 Marks
2. Semester End Examination: Question Paper format 60 Marks
Time:2hr
N.B. 1. All questions are compulsory
2. All questions carry equal marks.
3. Use of non-programmable calculators and logarithmic tables is allowed.
4. Figures to right had indicate full marks.
Unit-I,II Q1.
&III Multiple choice, Fill in the blanks and short question. 12
Unit-I Q2.
i) A Or B 08
ii) A Or B 04
Unit-II Q3.
i) A Or B 08
ii) A Or B 04

Unit-III Q4.
i) A Or B 08
ii) A Or B 04

Unit-I,II Q5. Solve any three out of Six (problems) 12

&III i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)

Practical Examination

External Assessment 100 Marks

Experiment –I 40
Experiment –II 40

Viva 10
Journal 10

Total Marks 100

There will be two groups of practicals and student will have to perform minimum 04
experiments from each group. Minimum 8 experiments should be reported in journal in
SEM-I and SEM-II
Students will have to perform 06 skill experiments in SEM –I and all 06 experiments
should be reported in journal. Students will have to do 06 demonstration experiments in
SEM-II and all 06 experiments should be reported in journal.
 Semester- I
Physics Paper-I: Classical Mechanics, Optics and Thermodynamics
Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to:
1. Understand Newton's laws and apply them in calculations of the

motion of simple systems.

2. Use the free body diagrams to analyze the forces on the object.

3. Understand the concepts of friction and the concepts of elasticity, fluid

mechanics and be able to perform calculations using them.

4. Understand the concepts of lens system and interference.

5. Apply the laws of thermodynamics to formulate the relations

necessary to analyze thermodynamic process.

6. Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered
Sr. Modules/Units Lectures
No. (45)
UNIT- Chapter 1: Newton’s Laws of Motion 15
I 1.1 Newton’s first, second and third laws of motion,
1.2 Interpretation and applications
1.3 Pseudo forces, Inertial and non-inertial frames of
reference.
1.4 Worked out examples (with friction present)
Chapter 2 : Elasticity
2.1 Review of Elastic constants Y, K, η and σ;
2.2 Equivalence of shear strain to compression and extension
strains.
2.3 Relations between elastic constants, Couple for twist in cylinder
Chapter 3 : Fluid Dynamics
3.1 Equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s equation, applications of
Bernoulli’s equation,
3.2 streamline and turbulent flow, lines of flow in airfoil
3.3 Poiseuille’s equation.
Chapter 4: Lenses 15
 UNIT- 4.1 Lens Maker's Formula (Review)
II 4.2 Newton’s lens equation, magnification-lateral
4.3 Longitudinal and angular. Equivalent focal length of two thin
lenses, cardinal points.
4.4 Rams den and Huygens eyepiece
Chapter 5: Interferometers
5.1 Michelson’s Interferometer: Construction, working and applications
5.2 Fabry-Perot Interferometer: Construction, working and applications
Chapter 6: Interference
6.1 Interference in thin films
6.2 Fringes in Wedge shaped films, Newton’s Rings (Reflective) and
applications.
UNIT- Chapter 7 : Behavior of real gases 15
III 7.1 Real gas equation
7.2 Van der Waal equation
Chapter 8 :Thermodynamics
8.1 Thermodynamic Systems
8.2 Zeroth law of thermodynamics Concept of Heat, The first law of
thermodynamics
8.3 Non Adiabatic process and Heat as a path function, Internal energy
8.4 Heat Capacity and specific heat
8.5 Applications of first law to simple processes General relations from
the first law
8.6 Indicator diagrams
8.7 Work done during isothermal and adiabatic processes
Worked examples, Problems
References:
1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamental of Physics (extended) – (6th Ed.),

John Wiley and Sons.

2. H. C. Verma, Concepts of Physics – (Part–I), 2002 Ed. BharatiBhavan Publishers.

3. Brijlal,Subramanyam and Avadhanulu A Textbook of Optics, 25th revised

ed.(2012) S. Chand
4. Brijlal, Subramanyam and Hemne, Heat Thermodynamics and Statistical

Physics, S Chand, Revised, Multi-coloured,2007 Ed.

5. Jenkins and White, Fundamentals of Optics by (4th Ed.), McGraw Hill

International.
Additional References :
1. Thornton and Marion, Classical Dynamics – (5th Ed)

2. D S Mathur, Element of Properties of Matter, S Chand & Co.

3. R Murugeshan and K Shivprasath, Properties of Matter and Acoustics S Chand.

4. M W Zemansky and R H Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics, McGraw Hill.

5. D K Chakrabarti, Theory and Experiments on Thermal Physics, (2006 Ed) Central

books.
6. C L Arora, Optics, S Chand.

7. Hans and Puri, Mechanics –, 2nd Ed. Tata McGraw Hill

 Semester- I
Physics Paper -II: Nuclear Physics and Modern Physics
Learning Outcomes:
After successful completion of this course students will be able to
1. Understand nuclear properties and nuclear behavior.

2. Understand the type isotopes and their applications.

3. Demonstrate and understand the quantum mechanical concepts.

4. Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered.

Sr. Modules/Units Lectures

No. (45)
1 Chapter 1: Basic properties of nucleus 15
1.1 Introduction, Composition, Charge, Size of nucleus
1.2 Rutherford's expt. for estimation of nuclear size Density of nucleus
1.3 Mass defect and Binding energy, Packing fraction BE/A vs A plot
1.4 Stability of nuclei (N Vs Z plot) –Segre Chart.
1.5 Problems based on nuclear size, density, B.E and BE/A., Packing fraction,
mass defect.
Chapter 2: Radioactivity
2.1 Radioactive disintegration, Law of radioactive decay, decay constant, half-
life, mean life.
2.5 Successive disintegration and equilibriums,
2.6 Radioisotopes.
2.7 Numerical Problems.
Chapter 3: Applications of Radioactivity
4.1 Important Applications of Radioactivity
4.2 Introduction to Carbon dating
4.2 Applications of carbon dating.
 2 Chapter 4: Nuclear Reaction 15
4.1 Types of Nuclear Reactions and Conservation Laws
4.2 Concept of Compound and Direct Reaction
4.3 Q- value equation and problems
Chapter 5: Elementary Particles
5.1 Classification of elementary Particles
5.2 Particles and anti-particles
5.3 Electrons and positrons, protons and antiprotons, neutrons and antineutrons,
neutrinos and antineutrinos, mesons.

3 Chapter 6 : Modern Physics 15

6.1 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
6.2 Matter waves, wave particle duality,
6.3 Photoelectric effect
6.4 Heisenberg’s uncertainty Principle.
6.5 Application of H.U.P (non-existence of electron in nucleus)
6.6 Davisson-Germer experiment and G. P. Thompson experiment.
Chapter 7: X-rays
7.1 X-Rays production and properties.
7.2 Continuous and characteristic X-Ray spectra,
7.3 X-Ray Diffraction,
7.4 Bragg’s Law
7.5 Applications of X-Rays.
Chapter 8: Compton effect
8.1 Compton Effect: statement and derivation
8.2 Pair production
8.3 Photons and Gravity
8.4 Gravitational Red Shift.

References:
1. Kaplan: Nuclear Physics, Irving Kaplan, 2nd Ed. Narosa Publishing House

2. SBP: Dr. S. B. Patel, Nuclear Physics Reprint 2009, New Age International

3.BSS: N Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and Seshan, Atomic and Nuclear Physics

Revised Ed. Reprint 2012, S. Chand

 4. Arthur Beiser, Perspectives ofModernPhysics : Tata McGraw Hill

5. D. C. Tayal: Nuclear Physics, Himalaya Publishing House.

Additional References:
1 S N Ghosal, Atomic Physics S Chand
2 S N Ghosal, Nuclear Physics 2nd ed. S Chand
 Semester- I
PHYSICS PRACTICAL-I
Leaning Outcome:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to:
i) To demonstrate their practical skills.
ii) To understand and practice the skills while doing physics practical.
iii) To understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear.
iv) To correlate their physics theory concepts through practical.
v) Understand the concepts of errors and their estimation.
A. Regular experiments:

Group - I

1. Flywheel

2. Torsional Oscillation: To determine modulus of rigidity η of a

material of wire by torsional oscillations
3. Bifilar Pendulum
4. To determine rigidity modulus (η) of material by method of vibrations- Flat spiral Spring

5. To determine Coefficient of Viscosity (η) of a given liquid by

Poisseuli’s Method
6. Surface Tension of liquid by Jaeger’s Method.
7. Young’s Modulus by Vibration
Group - II
1. Combination of Lenses To determine equivalent focal length of a lens system by
magnification method.
2. Spectrometer: To determine of angle of Prism and refractive index µ of the material of
prism
3. Spectrometer: To determine Cauchy’s Constants
4. To study Thermistor characteristic Resistance vs Temperature
5. Newton’s Rings To determine radius of curvature of a given convex lens using Newton's
rings.
6. Wedge Shaped Film: Determination diameter of thin wire/ film.
 B. Skill Experiments:

Sr. Title of Experiment

No
1. Use of Vernier calipers, Micrometer Screw Gauge, Travelling Microscope

2. Graph Plotting : Experimental, Straight Line with intercept, Resonance Curve etc.

3 Spectrometer: Optical Leveling and Schuster’s Method

4. Use of DMM
5 Absolute and relative errors calculation.

C) Any one out of following is equivalent to two experiments from section A and/ or B
1. Students should collect the information of at least five Physicists with their work. Report that
in journal.
2. Students should carry out mini-project upto the satisfaction of professor In-charge of practical.
3. Study tour. Students participated in study tour must submit a study tour report.
Minimum 4 from each group and total 8 experiments should be completed in the first semester. All skill
experiments are to be reported in journal. Certified journal is must to be eligible to appear for the
semester end practical.
 F.Y.B.Sc. Semester- II
Physics Paper -I : Mathematical Physics and Crystal Physics
Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to:
1. Understand the basic mathematical concepts and applications of them in

physical situations.
2. Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered.
Modules/Units Lectures
(45)
UNIT- Chapter 1: Vector algebra 15
I 1.1 Scalars and Vectors
1.2 Laws of Vector algebra, Unit vector, Rectangular unit vectors.
1.3 Components of a vector, Scalar fields, Vector fields, Problems
based on Vector algebra.
1.4 Dot or Scalar product Cross or Vector product.
1.5 Commutative and Distributive Laws Scalar Triple product
Vector Triple product (Omit proofs)
1.6 Problems and applications based on Dot, Cross and Triple
products.
Chapter 2: Gradient, divergence and curl
2.1 Gradient, divergence and curl:
2.2 The operator, Definitions and physical significance of
Gradient, Divergence and Curl;
2.3 Distributive Laws for Gradient Divergence and Curl (Omit proofs)
2.4 Problems based on Gradient, Divergence and Curl.
UNIT- Chapter 3: Differential Equation 15
II 3.1 Introduction, Ordinary differential equations
3.2 First order homogeneous and non- homogeneous equations with
variable coefficients
3.3 Exact differentials, General first order Linear Differential
Equation
3.4 Second-order homogeneous equations with constant
coefficients.
 Chapter 4: Applications of Differential Equation
4.1 Problems depicting physical situations like LC and LR circuits,
4.2 Simple Harmonic motion (spring mass system).
UNIT- Chapter 5: Crystal Physics 15
III 4.1 Lattice points and space lattice,
4.2 The basis and crystal structure,
4.3 Unit Cells and lattice parameters,
4.4 Primitive Cells, Crystal Systems,
4.5 Crystal Symmetry, Bravais space lattices
4.6 Metallic crystal structures,
4.7 Relation between the density of crystal material and
lattice constant in a cubic lattice,
4.8 Directions, Planes, Miller Indices,
4.9 Important planes in simple cubic structure,
4.10 Separation between lattice planes in a cubic crystal
(SOP : Chapter 4 : II,III,IV,V, VI, VII, XIV,XV, XVI,
XVIII, XX, XXII, XXV, XXVI)
References:
1. MS: Murray R Spiegel, Schaum’s outline of Theory and problems of Vector
Analysis, Asian Student Edition
2. CH: Charlie Harper, Introduction to Mathematical Physics, 2009 (EEE) PHI
Learning Pvt. Ltd.
3. CR: D. Chattopadhyay, P C Rakshit, Electricity and Magnetism 7th Ed. New
Central Book agency.
4. Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3, Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-
Hill.
5. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons.
6. The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, TMH.
7. S. O. Pillai : Solid State Physics
Additional References:
1. BrijLal, N. Subrahmanyam , Jivan Seshan, Mechanics and Electrodynamics, ,
(S. Chand) (Revised & Enlarged ED. 2005)
2. A K Ghatak, Chua, Mathematical Physics, 1995, Macmillan India Ltd.
3. Ken Riley, Michael Hobson and Stephen Bence, Mathematical Methods for
Physics and Engineering, Cambridge (Indian edition).
4. H. K. Dass, Mathematical Physics, S. Chand & Co.
5. Jon Mathews & R. L. Walker, Mathematical Methods of Physics: W A Benjamin
Inc.
 Semester- II
Physics Paper -II: Electricity and Electronics
Learning Outcomes:

1. Enable students to apply principles of electricity and electronics.

2. To inculcate problem solving ability

Sr. No. Modules/Units Lectures
(45)
Unit I Chapter 1: Alternating current theory 15
1.1 AC circuit containing pure R, pure L and pure C,
1.2 Representation of sinusoids by complex numbers,
1.3 Series L-R, C-R and LCR circuits.
1.4 Resonance in LCR circuit (both series and parallel),
1.5 Power in ac circuit.
1.6 Q-factor
Chapter 2: A. C Bridges

2.1 AC-bridges: General AC bridge,

2.2 Maxwell,de-Sauty,
2.3 Wien Bridge
2.4 Hay Bridge.

Unit II Chapter 3: Circuit Theorem 15

3.1 Voltage Divider, Current divider,
3.2 Ideal voltage source and ideal current source.
3.3 Superposition Theorem
3.4 Thevenin’s Theorem
3.5 Norton’s Theorem, Reciprocity Theorem,
3.6 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.
3.7 Numericals related to circuit analysis using the above theorems.
Chapter 4: DC power supply

4.1 Half wave rectifier & Full wave rectifier,

4.2 Bridge rectifier,
4.3 Peak inverse voltage and Ripple factor of full wave rectifier,
 4.4 Clipper and Clampers( Basic circuits only),
4.5 Capacitor Filter.
4.6 Zener diode as voltage stabilizer.

Unit III Chapter 5: Number Systems 15

5.1 Binary number system, Binary to Decimal ,Decimal to binary ,

Hexadecimal number,
5.2 Conversions: Hexadecimal to decimal Conversion, Decimal to
hexadecimal conversion, Hexadecimal to binary conversion, Binary
to hexadecimal conversion.
5.3 Binary addition, Unsigned binary numbers, Sign magnitude numbers
,
5.4 1's complement , 2's complement , Converting to and from 2's
complement representation , 2's complement arithmetic.

Chapter 6: Digital logic gates and Flip-Flops

6.1 Logic gates (Review), NAND and NOR as universal building blocks. EXOR
gate: logic expression, logic symbol, truth table.
6.2 Boolean algebra, Boolean theorems, De-Morgan theorems, Half adder
and Full adder
6.3 RS Flip-Flops (only NOR gate latch, NAND gate latch) , Gated Flip-
Flops,
6.4 Edge Triggered RS Flip-Flop, Edge- Triggered D Flip-Flop, Edge-
Triggered J-K Flip-Flop,
6.5 JK Master- Slave Flip-Flops

References :
1. CR: D. Chattopadhyay, P C Rakshit , Electricity and Magnetism 7th Ed. New
Central Book agency.
2. TT :B.L. Theraja and A.K. Theraja , A Textbook of Electrical Technology
Vol. I , S. Chand Publication
3. BN :Boylestad and Nashelsky, Electronic devices and Circuit Theory: 7th
 edition, Prentice Hall of India.
4. VKM: V K Mehta and R Mehta Electronics Principals, MulticolouredRevised
11th Ed. reprint in 2012 ,S Chand.
5. A P Malvino, Digital Principles and Applications: Tata McGraw Hill
6. Tokhiem, Digital electronics, 4thed, McGraw Hill
International Edition.
 Semester- II
PHYSICS PRACTICAL -II
Leaning Outcome:
i) To understand and practice the skills while doing physics practical.
ii) To understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear.
iii) To correlate physics theory concepts through practical.
iv) Understand the concepts of errors and their estimation.
v)
A) Regular experiments:
Group - I
1. J by Electrical Method: To determine mechanical equivalent of
heat (Radiation correction by graph method)
2. LR Circuit: To determine the value of given inductance and phase angle
3. CR Circuit: To determine value of given capacitor and Phase angle
4. Frequency of AC Mains: To determine frequency of AC mains.
5. LCR series Resonance: To determine resonance frequency of LCR series circuit.
6. High Pass and Low Pass R-C filter.
Group - II
1. To study Zener Diode characteristics and its use as a voltage Regulator.
2. To study load regulation of a Bridge Rectifier with and without capacitor
3. To study NAND and NOR gates as Universal Building Blocks
4. To verify De Morgan’s Theorems
5. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem/ Norton’s Theorem.
6. MS J-K Flip-Flop

B) List of Demo-experiments: (Min. four)

1. Use of Bread board (Transistor as switch)
2. Use of LDR as a Light dependent switch
3. Laser beam divergence.
4. Use of Oscilloscope
5 Charging and discharging of a capacitor
 6 Use of PC for graph plotting
7 Clipper and Clamper circuits.
c) Any one out of following is equivalent to two experiments from section A and/ or B
1. Students should collect the information of at least four Physics events and their outcome.
Report that in journal.
2. Students should carry out mini-project up to the satisfaction of professor In-charge of
practical
3. Study tour. Students participated in study tour must submit a study tour report.
Minimum 4 from each group and total 8 experiments should be completed in the first semester.
Minimum 4 demonstration experiments are to be reported in journal. Certified journal is must
to be eligible to appear for the semester end practical.

Pedagogy:
Degree College Students at F Y level should be oriented with the scientific approach to the subject of
Physics. Deductive methods of studying individual topics and drawing inferences in general is the proper
method of studying Physics. Different approaches to study physics should be taught by giving practical
examples.
A part of curriculum should be taught by stretching the thinking level of learners beyond the classroom
and they should get acquainted with the difference between theoretical understanding and practical
experience. Basic laws in Physics can be verified by performing practical and case studies. A part of
curriculum should be taught by ICT using videos, ppts and demonstrations of the preceding lecture topic
to create interest among students. We can share videos relating to any given topic of syllabus for better
understanding of concepts. Question raising activities are taken in the classroom while teaching any
given topic. We can introduce quiz in order to acquaint students with various physics problems and
general knowledge in science so that they can relate it to real life situation.

Learners Space:
1. Relativistic Mechanics
2. Modern Physics-Quantum mechanics
3. Electrical and electronic circuit analysis
4. Second order homogeneous and inhomogeneous differential equations
 Academic Council ---------------------------------------------

DOMBIVLI SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL’S,

K.V. PENDHARKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE,
(AUTONOMOUS) DOMBIVLI (EAST), DIST. THANE
(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Faculty of Science

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
(Program: Bachelor of Science: B.Sc. Course Code: PUSPH)

SYLLABUS FOR
S. Y. B.Sc. – PHYSICS (Semester III and IV)

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

(with effect from the Academic Year: 2022-2023)

This draft of syllabus is discussed and approved by Board of Studies in Physics in the
meeting held on Saturday, 29th January 2022.

Chairman BoS and

Head Department of Physics
Preamble:
This is a revised part of the undergraduate programme (Six Semesters) in Physics, to be taught in
Semester III & IV from the academic year 2022-23 onwards.
Developing Curriculum that is progressive and purposeful to create positive improvement in the
education system is the logic behind this revision.
Out of the three courses in each Semester, two courses are devoted to core Physics, catering to
Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Optics, Quantum Mechanics, Mathematical Physics and Digital -
Analog Electronics. These have been tailored to fit in with the existing F.Y.B.Sc. syllabus (Sem I
and Sem II in terms of continuity and to ensure delivery of quality content to the learner.
The science of Physics is diversified immensely in recent times and numerous new fields in
Physics, such as Biophysics, Geo-Physics, Astrophysics, nanotechnology have come into
existence. The fundamentals and the generality of many principles of Physics are common to all
these specialized diverse fields.
The third course in each semester offers interdisciplinary application- oriented topics. It will be
offered as a choice to all learners across various combinations. This course will seek to foster a
spirit of multidisciplinary approach in learning.
The 'practical' component in the applied course will be seen as a combination of laboratory
sessions, a visit to a Research Institute/Industry, mini project, an assignment on a relevant topic.
For the various units, experts will guide as 'Resource Persons' and their laboratories/ departments
could serve as Resource Centers. Faculty members/Teachers can avail of their expertise to train
themselves in the delivery of these courses whenever required.
Objective :
Upon completion of the course, students should have acquired the following knowledge and skills:
1. A thorough quantitative and conceptual understanding of the core areas of physics,
including mechanics, , thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, electronics at a level
compatible with graduate programs in physics at peer institutions.
2. The ability to analyse and interpret quantitative results, both in the core areas of physics
and interdisciplinary areas.
3. The ability to use contemporary experimental apparatus and analysis tools to acquire,
analyze and interpret scientific data.
4. The ability to apply the principles of physics to solve new and unfamiliar problems.
5. The ability to communicate scientific results effectively in presentations or posters.
 Revised Syllabus in Physics (Theory and Practical)
as per Choice based Credit and Grading system
Second Year B.Sc. 2022-2023
The revised syllabus in Physics as per Choice Based Credit System of the Second Year B. Sc
course will be implemented from the academic year 2022-2023.
Objectives:
• To develop analytical abilities towards real world problems
• To familiarize with current and recent scientific and technological developments
• To enrich knowledge through problem-solving hands-on activities, study visits, projects etc.

Semester Paper Title Credits

III PUSPHIII22-301 Thermodynamics 2

III PUSPHIII22-302 Vector calculus, Analog Electronics 2

III PUSPHIII22-303 Applied Physics -I 2

III PUSPHIII22-P301 Practical course -3 (Group A, B, C and Skill) 3

Total 9

IV PUSPHIV22-401 Optics and Digital Electronics 2

IV PUSPHIV22-402 Classical Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics 2

IV PUSPHIV22-403 Applied Physics-II 2

IV PUSPHIV22-P402 Practical course - 4 (Group A, B, C and Demo) 3

Total 9
 Evaluation Pattern:
1. All examinations will be conducted by the college. Each paper carries 100 marks in the 60:40
pattern i.e. 60 marks for semester end examination and 40 marks for internal/continuous
assessment and or project/assignments/presentations. The passing in each paper will be of scoring
minimum 40% marks in each paper combined internal plus semester end examination.
2. In each semester, the student will have to submit Project/Assignment/Journal for theory papers in
the College before appearing for the Semester End Examination. The last date of submission of
the assignment/Project will be officially declared by the College.
3. The Project work will be carried out by the student with the guidance of the concerned Faculty
Member who will be allotted to the student as the Guide for the Project.
4. The practical examination will be conducted at the end of the semester. The examination will be
of 100 marks per paper and minimum marks for passing will be 40%.

Examination Pattern: For S. Y. B. Sc.

Theory Examination

Internal Assessment 40 Marks

1.
One class test (Objectives/ Multiple Choice) 20 Marks
1.1
Assignment/ Project/ Presentation/Book or research paper Review 15 Marks
1.2
Active Participation, Overall performance 05 Marks
1.3
Semester End Examination: Question Paper format Time:2hr 60 Marks
2.
N.B. 1. All questions are compulsory
2. All questions carry equal marks.
3. Use of non-programmable calculators and logarithmic tables is allowed.
4. Figures to right had indicate full marks.
Unit-I,II &III Q.1. Multiple choice, Fill in the blanks and short question. 12

Q. 2.
Unit-I
i) A Or B Long Answer Question 08
ii) A Or B Short Answer Question 04

Q.3.
Unit-II
i) A Or B Long Answer Question 08
ii) A Or B Short Answer Question 04
 Q.4.
Unit-III
i) A Or B Long Answer Question 08
ii) A Or B Short Answer Question 04

Unit-I,II &III Q5. Solve any three out of Six (problems) 4 marks each 12
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)

Practical Examination

External Assessment 150 Marks

Experiment –I 40
Experiment –II 40
Experiment –II 40
Viva 15
Journal 15

Total Marks 150

There will be three groups of practical and student will have to perform minimum 04
experiments from each group. Minimum 15 experiments should be reported in journal in
SEM - III and SEM -IV
Students will have to perform 06 skill experiments in SEM –III and all 06 experiments
should be reported in journal. Students will have to do 06 demonstration experiments in
SEM-IV and all 06 experiments should be reported in journal.
 Semester III
Paper -I
PUSPHIII22-301: Thermodynamics
Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, students will be able to :
i) Understand the concepts of mechanics & properties of matter & to apply them to
problems.
ii) Comprehend the basic concepts of thermodynamics & its applications in physical
situation.
iii) Learn about situations in low temperature.
iv) Demonstrate tentative problem-solving skills in all above areas.

Unit - I 15 Lectures

1. Review of zeroth and first law of thermodynamics, Second law of thermodynamics,

Statements, Equivalence of Kelvin and Plank statement, Carnot’s theorem, Reversible and
irreversible process, Absolute scale of temperature.
2. Clausius theorem, Entropy, Entropy of a cyclic process, Reversible process,
Entropy change, Reversible heat transfer, Principle of increase in entropy, generalized
form of first and second law, entropy change of an ideal gas, entropy of steam, entropy and
unavailable energy, entropy and disorder, absolute entropy.

Unit - II 15 Lectures

1. Conversion of heat into work, heat engine, Carnot’s cycle: its efficiency.
2. Steam engine, Rankine cycle, Otto engine, Efficiency of Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Efficiency
of Diesel cycle, Otto and diesel comparison

Unit - III 15 Lectures

1. Third law of thermodynamics, Nernst heat theorem, Consequences of the third law,
Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations, Clausius – Clapeyron equation, Thermal Expansion.
2. Low temp Physics: Different methods of liquefaction of gases, methods of freezing, Cooling
by evaporation, cooling by adiabatic expansion
3. Joule - Thompson effect, JT effect of Vander Waal’s gas, Liquefaction of helium, properties
and uses of liquid Helium

References:
1. Thermal Physics, AB Gupta and H. Roy, Book and Allied (P) Ltd, Reprint2008, 9.
2. Heat thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Brijlal, N.Subramanyam, P. S. Hemne, S.
Chand, edition 2007.
Additional reference:
1. Basic Thermodynamics: Evelyn Guha ( Narosa Publications)
2. A treatise on heat: Meghanad Saha and BN Srivastava , 1969, India Press.
 Paper - II
PUSPHIII22-302 : Vector calculus, Analog Electronics
Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to :
1) Understand the basic concepts of mathematical physics and their applications in physical
situations.
2) Understand the basics of transistor biasing, operational amplifiers, their applications
3) Understand the basic concepts of oscillators and be able to perform calculations using
them.
4) Demonstrate quantitative problem-solving skill in all the topics covered.

Unit - I 15 Lectures

Vector Calculus
1. Line, Surface and Volume Integrals, The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, The Fundamental
Theorem of Gradient, The Fundamental Theorem of Divergence, The Fundamental Theorem of
Curl (Statement and Geometrical interpretation is included, Proof of these theorems are
omitted). Problems based on these theorems are required to be done.
2. Curvilinear Coordinates: Cylindrical Coordinates, Spherical Coordinates

Unit - II 15 Lectures

Analog Electronics
1. Transistor Biasing, Inherent Variations of Transistor Parameters, Stabilisation, Essentials of
a Transistor Biasing Circuit, Stability Factor, Methods of Transistor Biasing, Base Resistor
Method, Emitter Bias Circuit, Circuit analysis of Emitter Bias, Biasing with Collector
Feedback Resistor, Voltage Divider Bias Method, Stability factor for Potential Divider
Bias.
2. General amplifier characteristics: Concept of amplification, amplifier notations, current
gain, Voltage gain, power gain, input resistance, output resistance, general theory of
feedback, reasons for negative feedback, loop gain.
3. 3.Practical circuit of transistor amplifier, phase reversal, frequency response, Decibel gain
and Band width.

Unit - III 15 Lectures

Analog Electronics
 1. Oscillators: Introduction, effect of positive feedback. Requirements for oscillations, phase
shift oscillator, Wien Bridge Oscillator, Colpitts’s oscillator, Hartley oscillator.
2. Operational Amplifiers: Introduction, Schematic symbol of OPAMP, Output voltage from
OPAMP, AC analysis, Bandwidth of an OPAMP, Slew rate, Frequency Response of an
OPAMP, OPAMP with Negative feedback,
3. Inverting Amplifier, Non-Inverting Amplifier, Voltage Follower, Summing
4. Amplifier, Applications of Summing amplifier, OPAMP Integrator and Differentiator,
Critical frequency of Integrator, Comparator

References:
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics 3rd Ed by D.J. Griffith
2. Principles of Electronics – V. K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta. (S. Chand–Multicoloured
illustrative edition)
3. Electronic devices and circuits – An introduction Allan Mottershead (PHI Pvt. Ltd.– EEE
– Reprint – 2013)
 Paper - III
PUSPHIII22-303: Applied Physics - I
This paper consists of three modules (units) designed in a way so as to offer interdisciplinary &
application oriented learning.
Learning Outcomes:
On completion of this, it is expected that
1. Students will be exposed to contextual real-life situations.
2. Students will appreciate the role of Physics in 'interdisciplinary areas related to materials
and Acoustics etc.
3. The learner will understand the scope of the subject in Industry & Research. iv)
Experimental learning opportunities will faster creative thinking & a spirit of inquiry.

Unit - I 15 Lectures
Acoustics, LASER and Fibre Optics
1. Acoustics of Buildings: Reverberation, Explanation of Sabine’s formula, & Importance of
Sabine’s Formula, Absorption Coefficient, Acoustics of Buildings, Factors Affecting
Acoustics of Buildings, Sound Distribution in an Auditorium. RK: 5.9, 5.10, 5.12, 5.13,
5.14 & 5.15

2. Laser: Introduction, transition between Atomic energy states, Principle of Laser, Properties
of Laser: Coherence Properties of LASER, Spatial Coherence Length,
3. Directionality, Intensity, Helium–Neon Laser, Application of Laser, Holography SP: 9.1,
9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.4.1, 9.4.2, 9.4.3, 9.4.4, 9.6& 9.10

4. Fibre Optics: Light propagation through Fibres, Fibre Geometry, Internal reflection,
Numerical Aperture, Step-Index and Graded-Index Fibres,
Applications of Optical Fibres. SP: 13.3, 13.3.1, 13.3.2, 13.3.3, 13.5 & 13.9

Unit - II 15 Lectures
Biophysics
1. Introduction, definition, History & scope of biophysics, biological fluids, physicochemical
properties, viscosity, surface tension, pH, osmosis, osmotic pressure.
2. Diffusion, Ficks’ laws of diffusion, dialysis, eukaryotic
3. cell membrane, Fundamentals of transport process through biological membrane,
membrane channels. electrical properties of cell, Action potential, propagation of action
potential, methods of measurement of action potential, Nernst equation,
 4. Golman equation, The Hodgkin-Huxely model of action potential, voltage clamp technique,
Patch clamp technique, cell impedance and capacitance.

Unit - III 15 Lectures

Astrophysics
1. Astronomical Instruments: Introduction, The Earth’s Atmosphere and the Electromagnetic
Radiation, Optical Telescopes, Radio Telescopes, The Hubble Space Telescope (HST). (BB
– 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5)
2. Spectral Classification of Stars: Boltzmann Formula, Saha’s Equation of Thermal
Ionization. (BB-4.2, 4.3)
3. The Sun: Sun – A Typical Star, The Photosphere: Limb-darkening, Solar Granulation,
Faculae, The Chromosphere, Solar Corona, Solar Flares, Solar Wind. (BB – 5.1 to 5.6, 5.11,
5.13)

References:
1. Modern Physics Concept and Applications – Sanjeev Puri, Narosa Publication.
2. Properties of matter and Acoustics – R Murugeshan and K. Shivaprasath, S Chand
&Co.Ltd. (2005-Ed)
3. Cellular and Molecular Biology: Concept and Experiment by Gerald Karp
4. The Cell: A Molecular Approach by Geoffery Cooper
5. Introductory Biophysics: Perspective on living state by James Claycomb
6. Medical Physiology by Guyton
7. Molecular Biology of Cell by Bruce Albert
8. Text Book of Biophysics by R N Roy
9. BB - Introduction to Astrophysics: Baidhyanath Basu, Tanuka Chattopadhyay, Sudhindr
Nath Biswas (Second Edition) PHI
10. Astrophysics of the Solar System: K. D. Abhyankar, University Press.
PUSPHIII22-P301: Practical course
Instructions:
1. All the measurements and readings should be written with proper units in SI system only.
2. After completing all the required number of experiments in the semester and recording
them in journal, student will have to get their journal certified and produce the certified
journal at the time of practical examination.
3. While evaluating practical, weight age should be given to circuit/ray diagram,
observations, tabular representation, experimental skills and procedure, graph,
calculation and result.
4. Skill of doing the experiment and understanding physics concepts should be more
important than the accuracy of final result.

Learning outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to :
1. Understand &practice the skills while performing experiments.
2. Understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear& hesitation.
3. Correlate the physics theory concepts to practical application.
4. Understand the concept of errors and their estimation.
Note: Exemption of two experiments from section A and / or B and / or C may be given if
student carries out any one of the following activity.
5. Collect the information of at least five Physicists with their work or any three events on
physics, report that in journal.
6. Execute a mini project to the satisfaction of teacher in-charge of practical.
7. Participate in a study tour or visit & submit a study tour report.

For practical examinations, the learner will be examined in three experiments (one from each
group ). Each experiment will be of three hours’ duration .
Minimum 3 from each group and in all minimum 12 experiments must be reported in journal.
All the skill experiments are required to be completed compulsorily. Students are required to
report all these experiments in the journal. Evaluation in viva voce will be based on regular
experiments and skill experiments.
A learner will be allowed to appear for the semester and practical examination only if he submits
a certified journal of Physics or a certificate that the learner has completed the practical course of
Physics Semester III as per the minimum requirements.

Group A
1. Y by bending.
2. Kater’s pendulum
3. Searle’s experiment: determination of Y and .
4. Flat spiral spring (Y)
5. Flat spiral spring (n)
6. Young’s modulus by Koenig’s method.
7. Determination of thermal conductivity of bad conductor by Lee’s Method. 8 Helmholtz
resonator- determination of unknown frequency.
8. Moment of Inertia of compound pendulum by method of coincidence.
 9. Verification of Stefan’s law (electrical method)
10. Temperature coefficient of resistance of conducting material,
11. e/m by Thomson’s method
12. Charging and discharging of capacitor.
13. LCR parallel resonance.
14. Figure of merit of a mirror galvanometer.
15. Determination of absolute capacitance using BG
16. Measurement of resistance of galvanometer (G by shunting)

17. Group B
1. Passive low pass filter
2. Passive high pass filters.
2. Passive band pass filter.
3. Opamp: Inverting amplifier with different gains
4. Opamp: Non-inverting amplifier with different gains and voltage follower
5. Opamp: Integrator and Differentiator
6. CE amplifier: determination of bandwidth
7. CE amplifier: variation of gain with load
8. Lissajous figures using CRO.
9. Phase shift oscillator
10. Wien bridge oscillator
11. Colpitts’s oscillator
12. Hartley oscillator

Group C
1. Laser experiments: straight edge, single slit, ruler grating
2. Optical fibre: transmission of signal
3. Concept of beats
4. Coupled oscillations and resonance
5. Standardization of pH meter & acid-base titration.
6. Determination of Isoelectric point of Amino Acids/protein.
7. Understanding uv visible spectra of protein/Nucleic Acids.
8. Surface tension of Biological fluid.
9. Microscopic examination of Red blood Cells & White blood Cells.
10. Synthesis of materials - mini project - thin film/nano materials/bulk powders
using different routes etc.
11. Visit to research institutes (equivalent to three practical sessions).
12. Assignment & literature survey (equivalent to 2 practical sessions).

Skill experiments
1. Soldering technique
2. Wiring of a simple circuit using bread board
3. Use of DMM
4. Use of oscilloscope
5. Travelling microscope (radius of capillary)
6. Spectrometer: mean μ of yellow doublet of mercury source.
7. Spectrometer: optical levelling and Shuster’s method 8. Component testing, colour code of
resistors, capacitors etc.
9. Drawing of graph on semi logarithmic / logarithmic scale.
10. Radius of ball bearings (single pan balance)

References:
1) Advanced course in Practical Physics D. Chattopadhya, PC Rakshit& B Saha. (6th Edition)
Book and Allied Pvt.Ltd.
2) B.Sc Practical Physics – Harnam Singh S.Chand& Co. Ld. 2001
3) A test book of advanced practical PHYSICS _ SAMIR Kumar Ghosh, New Central Book
Agency (3rd edition)
4) B.Sc. Practical Physics – CL Arora (1st Edition) -2001 S.Chand and Co Ltd.
5) Practical Physics CL Squires (3rd Edition) Cambridge University 6) University Practical
Physics – DC Tayal. Himalaya Publication 7) Advanced Practical Physics – Worsnop &
Flint.
 Semester IV
Paper - I
PUSPHIV22-401: Optics and Digital Electronics
Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to :
1) Understand the diffraction and polarization processes and applications in physical situations.
2) Understand the resolving power of different optical instruments.
3) Understand the working of digital circuits
4) Demonstrate quantitative problem-solving skills in all the topics covered.

Unit - I 15 Lectures

Diffraction:
1. Fresnel’s Diffraction: Fresnel’s assumptions, Rectilinear propagation (Half period zones) of light,
Diffraction pattern due to straight edge, Positions of maxima and minima in intensity, Intensity at
a point inside the geometrical shadow (straight edge), Diffraction due to a narrow slit, Diffraction
due to a narrow wire
2. Fraunhofer Diffraction: Introduction, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit, Intensity distribution
in diffraction pattern due to a single slit, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a double slit, Distinction
between single slit and double slit diffraction pattern and missing orders, Plane diffraction Grating,
Theory of plane transmission grating, Width of principal maxima .

Unit - II 15 Lectures

Polarization
1. Polarization: Types of polarization, Plane polarized light, Circularly polarized light, Elliptically
polarized light, Partially polarized light, Production of Plane polarized light, Polarization by
reflection from dielectric surface, Polarization by refraction –pile of plates, Polarization by
scattering, Polarization by selective Absorption, Polarization by double refraction, Polarizer and
Analyzer, Malus’ Law, Anisotropic crystal, Calcite crystal, Optic Axis,
2. Double refraction in calcite crystal, Huygens' explanation of double refraction, Ordinary and Extra
ordinary rays, Positive and Negative crystals, Retarders, Quarter wave plate, Half wave plate,
Production of linearly polarized light,Production of elliptically polarized light, Production of
circularly polarized light, Analysis of polarized light, Applications of polarized light.
Unit - III 15 Lectures

Digital Electronics
1. The adder-subtractor (ignore IC specific diagrams)
2. RS Flip-Flops (only NOR gate latch, NAND gate latch) , Gated Flip-Flops, EdgeTriggered RS
Flip-Flop, Edge- Triggered D Flip-Flop, Edge-Triggered J-K Flip-Flop, JK Master- Slave Flip-
Flops, Bounce elimination switch
3. Types of registers : SISO , SIPO, PISO , PIPO [in this chapter the teacher should make all IC
specific diagrams into general diagrams ie. Ignore pin numbers and IC numbers]
4. Asynchronous counter -3 bit (ignore IC specific diagrams), Synchronous counter only mod 8,
Decade Counters Mod 5 and Mod 10

Reference Books:
1. Text Book Of Optics By: Dr.N.Subrahmanyam, Brijlal, Dr M.N. Avadhaanulu (S.Chand,
25th Revised edition2012 Reprint 2013)
2. AJOY GHATAK: OPTICS (5thEdition)
3. LMS – Digital Principles and Applications By Leach, Malvino, Saha 6thedn.
4. TF – Digital Fundamentals by Thomas L Floyd 10thedn. (Additional Reading) RPJ – Modern
Digital Electronics by R P Jain 4thedn. (Additional Reading)
 Paper - II

PUSPHIV22-402: Classical Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics

Learning Outcomes :
On successful completion of this course students will be able to:
1) Understand the postulates of quantum mechanics and to understand its importance in explaining
significant phenomena in Physics.
2) Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered.
Background Reading (Review):
Origin of Quantum Mechanics:
1) Review of Black body radiation, b) Review of photoelectric effects.
2) Matter waves-De Broglie hypothesis. Davisson and Germer experiment.
3) Wave particle duality
4) Concept of wave packet, phase velocity, group velocity and relation between them
5) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle with thought experiment, different forms of uncertainty.

Unit - I 15 Lectures

Classical Mechanics

1. Compound pendulum: Expression for period, maximum and minimum time period, centres
of suspension and oscillations, reversible compound pendulum. Kater’s reversible pendulum
, compound pendulum and simple pendulum- a relative study.
2. Center of Mass, Motion of the Center of Mass , Linear momentum of a Particle Linear
momentum of a System of Particles , Linear momentum wrt CM coordinate (i.e shift of
origin from Lab to CM), Conservation of Linear Momentum , Some Applications of the
Momentum Principle.
3. System of Variable Mass
4. Torque Acting on a Particle, Angular Momentum of a Particle , Angular Momentum of
System of Particles , Total angular momentum wrt CM coordinate. Conservation of Angular
Momentum.
5. Oscillations: The Simple Harmonic Oscillator, Two Body Oscillations, Damped Harmonic
Motion, Forced Oscillations and Resonance.

Unit - II 15 Lectures
Quantum Mechanics I
1. The Schrodinger wave equation: Concept of wave function, Born interpretation of wave
function. Concepts of operator in quantum mechanics examples – position, momentum and
energy operators. Eigenvalue equations, expectation values of operators.
2. Postulates of Quantum Mechanics, Analogy between Wave equation and Schrodinger
equation. Time dependent and time independent (Steady State) Schrodinger
equation, Stationary State, Superposition principle, Probability current density, Equation of
continuity and its physical significance.

Unit - III 15 Lectures

Quantum Mechanics –II

1. Applications of Schrodinger steady state equation: Free particle. Particle in infinitely deep
potential well (one - dimension). 2. Particle in finitely deep potential well (one - dimension).
2. Step potential, Particle in three-dimension rigid box, degeneracy of energy state. Potential
barrier (Finite height and width) penetration and tunnelling effect (derivation of
approximate transmission probability) Theory of alpha particle decay from radioactive
nucleus.
3. Harmonic oscillator (one-dimension), correspondence principle

References:
1. Resnick and Halliday : Physics – I
2. Mechanics – H. S. Hans and S. P. Puri, Tata McGraw Hill (2nd ED.)
3. Concepts of Modern Physics – A. Beiser (6th Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill.
Additional reference:
1. KRS: Mechanics by K.R Symon.
2. Classical Dynamics of particles and systems by Thornton and Marian, (CENGAGE Learning)
3. Classical mechanics by Kleppener , Kollenkov
4. Mechanics and Electrodynamics Rev Edn. 2005 by Brijlal and Subramanyanand Jeevan Seshan.
5. Quantum Mechanics – S P Singh, M K Bagade, Kamal Singh, - S. Chand : 2004 Ed.
6. Quantum Mechanics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and particles. - By R. Eisberg and R.
Resnik Published by Wiley.
7. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. - By D. Griffiths Published by Prentice Hall.
8. Quantum Mechanics. - By Ghatak and Lokanathan Published by Mc. Millan.
9. Quantum Mechanics. - By L. I. Schiff.
10. Quantum Mechanics. - By Powell and Crasemann, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
 Paper - III
PUSPHIV22-403: Applied Physics - II

Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the concepts of mechanics & properties of matter & to apply them to
problems.
2. Learn about situations in low temperature.
3. Demonstrate tentative problem-solving skills in all above areas.

Unit - I 15 Lectures
GEOPHYSICS

1. Introduction to Geophysics its branches and relationship with other sciences. Earth and solar
system: Meteorites and other extra-terrestrial materials. Age of Earth and various methods of
determination. Natural and Artificial seismology, elastic waves, Elementary principle of
reflection and refraction methods, seismographs. Earth’s Internal structure of Earth: Physical,
chemical properties and internal structure derived from Seismology.
2. Major tectonic features of the ocean oceanic and continental crust. Continental drift –
geological and geophysical evidence: mechanisms, objections and present status.
3. Gravity and magnetic anomalies at Mid-ocean ridges: deep sea trenches, continental shield
areas and mountain chains.
4. Geomagnetism, elements of Earth’s magnetism: Internal, external fields and their causes,
Palaeomagnetism, Polar wandering paths and reversals, Seafloor spreading and Plate tectonics.
5. Utility of the different geophysical techniques (discussed above) in exploration for academic
as well as for harnessing resources.

Unit - II 15 lectures
Microprocessor I
1. Building Concept of Microprocessor: Introduction, Study of Memory, Input Device ,
Output Device , Input/output Device Central Processing Unit. Chapter 3 : 3.1 , 3.2 , 3.3
(3.3.1 , 3.3.2 , 3,.3.3) , 3.4. , 3.5 , 3.6 , 3.7

2. 8085 Microprocessor: Introduction , Features of Inter 8085 , Pin Diagram of 8085 , 8085
CPU Architecture , Arithmetic and Logical Group (ALU , Accumulator , Temporary
Register , Flag Register (PSW)) , Register Group (Temporary Registers (W and Z) , General
purpose registers , Special Purpose registers) , Interrupt Control , Serial I/O Control Group
 , Instruction Register , Decoder and Control Group (Instruction Register , Instruction
Decoder , Timing and Control) Chapter 4 : 4.1 ,4.2 , 4.3. , 4.4 , 4.5 (4.5.1 , 4.5.2 , 4.5.3 ,
4.5.4) , 4.6 (4.6.1 , 4.6.2 , 4.6.3) ,4.7 , 4.8 , 4.9 (4.9.1 , 4.9.2 , 4.9.3)

Unit - III 15 Lectures

Microprocessor II
1. 8085 Instruction Set: Introduction, Flowchart, Classification of Instruction Set (Data
Transfer Group, Arithmetic Group, Logical Group, Branching Group, Stack and Machine
Control Group), Notations used in Instructions and Opcode, Data Transfer Group,
2. Program Examples for Data Transfer Group, Arithmetic Operation Group, Branch Group,
Logical Group, Addressing Modes, 8085 Programmers Model

References

1. Phillip Keary, M.Brooks & I.Hill An introduction to geophysical exploration (section

2,3,4)
2. Lowrie : Fundamentals of Geophysics (1,2,3,4)
3. F.D. Stacey, Physics of the Earth, John Wiley and Sons, New York
4. Reference Book Microprocessor : V.J. Vibhute & P.B. Borole, Fifth Revised Edition

PUSPHIV22-P402: Practical course -4

Instructions:
1. All the measurements and readings should be written with proper units in SI system only.
2. After completing all the Required number of experiments in the semester and recording them
in the journal, student will have to get their journal certified and produce the certified journal
at the time of practical examination.
3. While evaluating practical, weight age should be given to circuit/ray diagram, observations,
tabular representation, experimental skills and procedure, graph, calculation and result.
4. Skill of doing the experiment and understanding physics concepts should be more important
than the accuracy of final result.
Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to :
5. Understand &practise the skills while performing experiments.
6. Understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear & hesitation.
7. Correlate their physics theory concepts to practical application. iv) Understand the
concept of errors and their estimation.
For practical examination the learner will be examined in the experiments ( one from each group
) . Each experiment will be of three hour duration; Minimum 3 from each group and in all
minimum 12experiments and all the demonstration experiments are required to be completed
compulsorily. Students are required to report all these experiments in the journal. Evaluation in
viva voce will be based on regular experiments and skill experiments.
A learner will be allowed to appear for the semester and practical examination only if he submits
a certified journal of Physics or a certificate that the learner has completed the practical course of
Physics Semester III as per the minimum requirements.
Group A
1. Optical lever: determination of μ
2. Cylindrical obstacle: determination of λ
3. Single slit diffraction
4. Fresnel’s bi-prism: determination of λ
5. Determination of Cauchy’s constants.
6. R.P. of telescope.
7. R.P. of grating
8. R. P. of prism
9. Brewster’s law: determination of μ
10. Double refraction
11. Polarimeter
12. Laser beam profile
13. Determination of wavelength of laser using grating
14. Determination of R.I. of liquid by laser
15. μ by total internal reflection

Group B
1. Square wave oscillator using gates.
2. Half adder and full adder (7486, 7408)
3. Study of MS-JK flip flop and divide by 2 counter.
4. Study of Latch (74LS373)
5. Study of 3:8 Decoder (74LS138)
6. Study of 8:3 Priority Encoder (74LS148)
7. Counters mod 2,5 and 10
8. Shift registers
9. Op-Amp as Astable multivibrator
10. IC 555 timer as Astable multivibrator
11. Transistorised Astable multivibrator
 Group C
1. Study of 8085 microprocessor kit and commands.
2. 8-bit addition, subtraction, multiplication
3. Two-digit Decimal addition, subtraction.
4. Memory block transfer from one location to another.
5. Find largest/smallest number in given block.
6. Find number of positive/negative, odd/even elements in given block.
7. Arrange given number in ascending/descending order (Note: Use 8085 kit or any 8085
simulator to perform practical’s)
8. Use of initial magnetization curve to find flux in core
9. Project on a topic (equivalent to three practical sessions).
10. Visit to research institutes (equivalent to three practical sessions).
11. Assignment& literature survey (equivalent to 2 practical sessions).
12. Visit to Hospital with medical diagnostic equipment.
13. Plotting and analysis of detector data (from University /research institutions).
14. Design, Build and test Amplitude Modulator and/or Frequency Modulator.
15. Time Division Multiplexing circuit.
16. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) using IC 555 or XR 2206.
17. Demonstration of PAM, PPM and PWM.

Demonstration experiments
1. Error analysis of a given experiment
2. Wave form generator using Op-amp
3. PC simulations: graph, curve fitting etc.
4. Straight edge Fresnel diffraction
5. First order active filter.
6. DAD instruction.

References:
1. Advanced course in Practical Physics D. Chattopadhya, PC Rakshit& B Saha. (6th Edition) Book
and Allied Pvt. Ltd.
2. B.Sc PRACTICAL Physics – Harnam Singh S.Chand& Co. Ld. 2001
3. A test book of advanced practical PHYSICS _ SAMIR Kumar Ghosh, New Central Book
Agency (3rd edition)
4. B.Sc. Practical Physics – CL Arora (1st Edition) -2001 S.Chand and Co Ltd.
5. Practical Physics CL Squires (3rd Edition) Cambridge University
6. University Practical Physics – DC Tayal. Himalaya Publication
7. Advanced Practical Physics – Worsnop &Flint.
Job oriented Skill Development Topics
1. SEMESTER – III Applied Physics Paper – I
2. SEMESTER – IV Applied Physics Paper - II

Pedagogy:
Degree College Students at S Y level should be oriented with the scientific approach to the subject
of Physics. Deductive methods of studying individual topics and drawing inferences in general is
the proper method of studying Physics. Different approaches to study physics should be taught by
giving practical examples.
A part of curriculum should be taught by stretching the thinking level of learners beyond the
classroom and they should get acquainted with the difference between theoretical understanding
and practical experience. Basic laws in Physics can be verified by performing practical and case
studies. A part of curriculum should be taught by ICT using videos, ppts and demonstrations of
the preceding lecture topic to create interest among students. We can share videos relating to any
given topic of syllabus for better understanding of concepts. Question raising activities are taken
in the classroom while teaching any given topic. We can introduce quiz in order to acquaint
students with various physics problems and general knowledge in science so that they can relate
it to real life situation. The study tours, Industrial Visits and Visits to Research Laboratories to be
arranged for enriching knowledge of students and develop interdisciplinary approach.

Learners Space:
1 High power lasers and their applications
1. Cosmology
2. Microcontrollers
3. Geomagnetism
4. Advanced Quantum mechanics
5. Newtonian Relativity
MOOCs - Swayam Courses and Links - Examples

1. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Conduction And Convection Heat Transfer
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and NPTEL via Swayam
https://www.classcentral.com/course/swayam-thermal-physics-58567

2. NPTEL
Quantum Mechanics I
NPTEL and Indian Institute of Technology Madras via YouTube
https://www.classcentral.com/course/swayam-conduction-and-convection-heat-transfer-5302

3. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Microprocessors And Microcontrollers
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and NPTEL via Swayam
https://www.classcentral.com/course/youtube-physics-quantum-mechanics-i-47605

4. Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Waste to Energy Conversion
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee and NPTEL via Swayam
https://www.classcentral.com/course/swayam-microprocessors-and-microcontrollers-9894

5. Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Waste to Energy Conversion
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee and NPTEL via Swayam
https://www.classcentral.com/course/swayam-waste-to-energy-conversion-7960

6. edX
Quantum Mechanics for Everyone
Georgetown University

https://www.classcentral.com/course/edx-quantum-mechanics-for-everyone-8284
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DOMBIVLI SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL’S,

K.V. PENDHARKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE
AND COMMERCE, DOMBIVLI (EAST), DIST. THANE
(AUTONOMOUS)

Affiliated to University of Mumbai

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Syllabus in Physics (Theory and Practical) as per

Choice Based Credit and Grading System (CBCGS)

Course: Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.)

SYLLABUS FOR:
T. Y. B.Sc. – Physics Semester V &VI
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T.Y.B.Sc. Physics Syllabus: Credit Based Semester and Grading

System to be implemented from the Academic year 2018-2019.

SEMESTER V

Theory

Course UNIT TOPICS Credits Lectures

per
Week
USPH501 I Mathematical Methods in Physics
2.5 4
II Mathematical Methods in Physics

III Thermal and Statistical Physics

IV Thermal and Statistical Physics

USPH502 I Solid State Physics

2.5 4
II Solid State Physics

III Solid State Physics

IV Solid State Physics

USPH503 I Atomic Physics

2.5 4
II Atomic Physics

III Molecular Physics

IV Molecular Physics

USPH504 I Electrodynamics
2.5 4
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II Electrodynamics

III Electrodynamics

IV Electrodynamics

Practicals

USPHP05 Practicals of Course USPH501 + Course USPH502 2.5 6

USPHP06 Practicals of Course USPH503 + Course USPH504 2.5 6

Project
USPHPR1 USPH501 + USPH502 + USPH503 + USPH504 1 4

SEMESTER VI

Theory

Course UNIT TOPICS Credits Lectures

per
Week
USPH601 I Classical Mechanics
2.5 4
II Classical Mechanics

III Classical Mechanics

IV Classical Mechanics

USPH602 I Electronics
2.5 4
II Electronics

III Electronics

IV Electronics

USPH603 I Nuclear Physics

2.5 4
II Nuclear Physics
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III Nuclear Physics

IV Nuclear Physics

USPH604 I Special Theory of Relativity

2.5 4
II Special Theory of Relativity

III Special Theory of Relativity

IV Special Theory of Relativity

Practicals

USPH605 Practicals of Course USPH601 + Course USPH602 2.5 6

USPH606 Practicals of Course USPH603 + Course USPH604 2.5 6

Project
USPHPR2 USPH601 + USPH602 + USPH603 + USPH604 1 4

SCHEME OF THEORY, PRACTICALS AND PROJECT EXAMINATION

(SEM- V & VI)

I. Theory: External Examination: 100 marks

Each theory paper shall be of THREE hours duration.

Each paper shall consist of FIVE questions. All questions are compulsory
and will have internal options. Choice in papers has to be 1.5 times.

Q–I : From Unit – I

Q – II : From Unit – II

Q – III : From Unit - III

Q – IV : From Unit - IV
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Q–V : Will consist of questions from all the FOUR Units with equal
weightage of marks allotted to each Unit.

II. Practicals and Project: The External Practical Examination will be

conducted as per the following scheme.

Sr. Particulars of External Practical and Project Examination Total

No. Marks

1 Laboratory Work Experiment-1= 60 M Experiment-2 = 60 M 120

2 Journal 10 10 20

3 Viva 10 10 20

Sub Total = 160

III. Project Internal Examiner External Examiner

(20 M) (20 M) 40

Grand Total 200

Passing Criteria:

1. A student should be considered as passed in the practical examination

provided he/she fulfills the following passing criteria
a. Minimum of 20 marks in each practical component - i.e. USPHP07
and USPHP08.
b. Minimum of 10 marks in Project Component
c. And cumulatively scoring 80 marks (i.e. 40 % of 200 marks)

Component Maximum Minimum

Marks Passing
Marks

USPHP07 80 20

USPHP08 80 20
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Project 2 40 10

Total 200 80

Scheme of Examination:

1. The University (external) examination for Theory and Practical shall be

conducted at the end of each Semester and the evaluation of Project work
at the end of the each Semester.

2. The candidate should appear for THREE Practical sessions of three hours
each as part of his/her Practical course examination.

3. The candidates shall appear for external examination of 2 practical

courses each carrying 80 marks and presentation of project work carrying
20 marks at the end of each semester.

4. The candidates shall also appear for internal presentation of project work
carrying 20 marks at the end of each semester.

5. The candidate shall prepare and submit for practical examination a

certified Journal based on the practical course with 6 experiments from
each group.

6. The certified journal must contain a minimum of 12 regular experiments

(6 from each group), with minimum 5 demonstration experiments in
semester VI. A separate index and certificate in journal is must for each
semester course.
7. At the time of practical examination, the candidate must also submit the
certified Project Report prepared as per the guidelines given in the
Syllabus.
A candidate will be allowed to appear for the practical examination only if the
candidate submits a certified journal of TYBSc Physics or a certificate from the
Head of the Department to the effect that the candidate has completed the
practical course of TYBSc Physics as per the minimum requirements and a
project completion report duly certified by the project in-charge and Head of
the Department.

III. Visits: Visits to industry, national research laboratories, and scientific

exhibitions should be encouraged.
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SEMESTER V

Theory Course - USPH501: Mathematical, Thermal and

Statistical Physics
Learning outcomes: From this course, the students are expected to learn some
mathematical techniques required to understand the physical phenomena at the
undergraduate level and get exposure to important ideas of statistical
mechanics.

The students are expected to be able to solve simple problems in probability,

understand the concept of independent events and work with standard
continuous distributions. The students will have idea of the functions of complex
variables; solve nonhomogeneous differential equations and partial differential
equations using simple methods. The units on statistical mechanics would
introduce the students to the concept of microstates, Boltzmann distribution
and statistical origins of entropy. It is also expected that the student will
understand the difference between different statistics, classical as well as
quantum.
Unit - I Probability (15 lect.)

Review of basic concepts, introduction, sample space, events, independent

events, conditional probability, probability theorems, methods of counting
(derivation of formulae not expected), random variables, continuous
distributions (omit joint distributions), binomial distribution, the normal
distribution, the Poisson distribution.

Ref: MB – 15.1-15.9

Expected to cover solved problems from each section and solve at least the
following problems:

section 2: 1-5, 11-15, section 3: 1, 3, 4, 5, section 4: 1, 3, 5,13, 21, section 5:

1, 10, 13, section 6: 1 to 9, section 8: 1 and 3, section 9: 2, 3, 4, 9.

Unit -II Complex functions and differential equations (15 lect.)

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1. Functions of complex variables: The exponential and trigonometric functions,

hyperbolic functions, logarithms, complex roots and powers, inverse
trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, some applications.

Ref.: MB: 2.11 to 2.16

Expected to cover all solved problems. In addition, solve the following

problems: section 2: 16 – 2, 3, 8, 9, 10.

2. Second-order nonhomogeneous equations with constant coefficients, partial

differential equations, some important partial differential equations in physics,
method of separation of variables.

Ref : CH :5.2.4, 5.3.1 to 5.3.4

Expected to cover all solved problems. In addition, solve the following problems:

5.17 a to e, 5.23, 5.26, 5.29 to 5.35.

Unit -III Statistical Thermodynamics (15 lect.)

Microstates and configurations, derivation of Boltzmann distribution,

dominance of Boltzmann distribution, physical meaning of the Boltzmann
distribution law, definition of , the canonical ensemble, relating Q to q for an
ideal gas, translational partition function, equipartition theorem, energy, entropy

ER: 13.1 to 13.5, 14.1, 14.2, 14.4, 14.8, 15.1, 15.4

Unit -IV Classical and Quantum Statistics (15 lect.)

The probability of a distribution, The most probable distribution,

MaxwellBoltzmann statistics, Molecular speeds.

Bose-Einstein statistics, Black-body radiation, The Rayleigh-Jeans formula,

The

Planck radiation formula, Fermi-Dirac statistics, Comparison of results.

AB : 15.2 to 15.5, 16.1 to 16.6

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References:
1. MB: Mathematical Methods in the Physical sciences: Mary L. Boas Wiley
India, 3rd ed.

2. ER: Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics and Kinetics: T. Engel

and P. Reid (Pearson).

3. AB: Perspectives of Modern Physics: Arthur Beiser, (Mc Graw Hill

International).

4. CH: Introduction to Mathematical Methods: Charlie Harper (PHI

Learning).

Additional References:

1. Mathematical Physics: A K Ghatak, Chua – 1995 Macmillian India Ltd.

2. Mathematical Method of Physics: Riley, Hobson and Bence, Cambridge

(Indian edition).

3. Mathematical Physics: H. K. Das, S. Chand & Co.

4. Mathematical Methods of Physics: Jon Mathews & R. L. Walker, W A

Benjamin inc.

5. A Treatise on heat: Saha and Srivastava (Indian press, Allahabad)

6. Statistical Physics: F. Reif (Berkeley Physics Course, McGraw Hill)

7. Introductory Statistical Mechanics: R. Bowley and M. Sanchez (Oxford

Science Publications).

8. An Introduction to Thermal Physics: D. V. Schroeder (Pearson).

9. PROBABILITY: Schaum’s Outlines Series by S. Lipschutz and M. L.

Lipson (Mc Graw Hill International).
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Theory Course - USPH502: Solid State Physics

Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of this course students will be
able to:

1. Understand the basics of crystallography, Electrical properties of metals,

Band Theory of solids, demarcation among the types of materials,
Semiconductor Physics and Superconductivity.
2. Understand the basic concepts of Fermi probability distribution function,
Density of states, conduction in semiconductors and BCS theory of
superconductivity. 3. Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skills in
all the topics covered.

Unit - I Crystal Physics (15 lect.)

The crystalline state, Basic definitions of crystal lattice, basis vectors, unit cell,
primitive and non-primitive cells, The fourteen Bravais lattices and the seven
crystal systems, elements of symmetry, nomenclature of crystal directions and
crystal planes, Miller Indices, spacing between the planes of the same Miller
indices, examples of simple crystal structures, The reciprocal lattice and X-ray
diffraction.

Ref: Elementary Solid State Physics-Principles and Applications: M. Ali Omar,

Pearson Education, 2012 : (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 2.6)

Unit -II Electrical properties of metals (15 lect.)

1. Classical free electron theory of metals, Drawbacks of classical theory,

Relaxation time, Collision time and mean free path

2. Quantum theory of free electrons, Fermi Dirac statistics and electronic

distribution in solids, Density of energy states and Fermi energy, The Fermi
distribution function, Heat capacity of the Electron gas, Mean energy of
electron gas at 0 K, Electrical conductivity from quantum mechanical
considerations, Failure of Sommerfeld’s free electron Theory

3. Thermionic Emission
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Ref.: Solid State Physics: S. O. Pillai, New Age International. 6th Ed.

Chapter 6: II, III, IV, V, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XX, XXXV, XXXI.

Unit -III Band Theory of Solids and Conduction in (15 lect.)

Semiconductors

1. Band theory of solids, The Kronig- Penney model (Omit eq. 6.184 to 6.188),
Brillouin zones, Number of wave functions in a band, Motion of electrons in
a one-dimensional periodic potential, Distinction between metals, insulators
and intrinsic semiconductors.

Ref.: Solid State Physics: S. O. Pillai, New Age International, 6th Ed.
Chapter 6: XXXVI, XXXVII, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XXXX, XXXXI

2. Electrons and Holes in an Intrinsic Semiconductor, Conductivity of a

Semiconductor, Carrier concentrations in an intrinsic semiconductor, Donor
and Acceptor impurities, Charge densities in a semiconductor, Fermi level in
extrinsic semiconductors, Diffusion, Carrier lifetime, The continuity equation,
Hall Effect.

Ref.: Electronic Devices and Circuits: Millman, Halkias & Satyabrata Jit.
(3rd Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill.: 4.1 to 4.10.

Unit -IV Diode Theory and superconductivity (15 lect.)

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1. Semiconductor-diode Characteristics: Qualitative theory of the p-n junction,

The p-n junction as a diode, Band structure of an open-circuit p-n junction,
The current components in a p-n junction diode, Quantitative theory of p-n
diode currents, The Volt-Ampere characteristics, The temperature
dependence of p-n characteristics, Diode resistance.

Ref.: Electronic Devices and Circuits: Millman, Halkias & Satyabrata Jit. (3rd
Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill.: 5.1 to 5.8

2. Superconductivity: Experimental Survey, Occurrence of Superconductivity,

destruction of superconductivity by magnetic field, The Meissner effect,
London equation, BCS theory of superconductivity, Type I and Type II
Superconductors, Vortex state.

Ref.: Introduction to Solid State Physics-Charles Kittel, 7th Ed. John Wiley &
Sons: Topics from Chapter 12.

Main References:
1. Elementary Solid State Physics-Principles and Applications: M.Ali Omar,
Pearson Education, 2012.

2. Solid State Physics: S. O. Pillai, New Age International, 6th Ed.

3. Electronic Devices and Circuits: Millman, Halkias & Satyabrata Jit. (3rd
Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill.

4. Introduction to Solid State Physics - Charles Kittel, 7th Ed. John Wiley &
Sons.

5. Modern Physics and Solid State Physics: Problems and solutions New Age
International.

Additional References:

1. Solid State Physics: A. J. Dekker, Prentice Hall.

2. Electronic Properties of Materials: Rolf Hummel, 3rd Ed. Springer.

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3. Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, 2nd Ed. John Wiley &
Sons.

4. Solid State Physics: Ashcroft & Mermin, Harcourt College Publisher.

Theory Course - USPH503: Atomic and Molecular Physics

Learning Outcome: Upon successful completion of this course, the student will
understand

▪ the application of quantum mechanics in atomic physics

▪ the importance of electron spin, symmetric and
antisymmetric wave functions and vector atom model
▪ Effect of magnetic field on atoms and its application ▪ Learn
Molecular physics and its applications.
▪ This course will be useful to get an insight into spectroscopy.

Unit - I (15 lect.)

1. Hydrogen atom: Schrödinger’s equation for Hydrogen atom, Separation of

variables, Quantum Numbers: Total quantum number, Orbital quantum number,
Magnetic quantum number. Angular momentum, Electron probability density
(Radial part).

2. Electron spin: The Stern-Gerlach experiment, Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Symmetric and Anti-symmetric wave functions.

Ref – Unit – I - B: 9.1 to 9.9, B: 10.1, 10.3. 2

Unit -II (15 lect.)

1. Spin orbit coupling, Total angular momentum, Vector atom model, L-S and j-
j coupling. Origin of spectral lines, Selection rules.

2. Effect of Magnetic field on atoms, the normal Zeeman effect and its explanation
(Classical and Quantum), The Lande g - factor, Anomalous Zeeman effect.

Ref – Unit – II - B: 10.2, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9. B : 11.1 and 11.2

Unit -III (15 lect.)

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1. Molecular spectra (Diatomic Molecules): Rotational energy levels, Rotational

spectra, Vibrational energy levels, Vibrational-Rotational spectra. Electronic
Spectra of Diatomic molecules: The Born-Oppenheimer approximation,
Intensity of vibrational-electronic spectra: The Franck-Condon principle.

2. Infrared spectrometer & Microwave spectrometer

. Ref – Unit – III - B: 14.1, 14.3, 14.5, 14.7

Unit -IV (15 lect.)

1. Raman effect: Quantum Theory of Raman effect, Pure Rotational Raman
spectra: Linear molecules, symmetric top molecules, Asymmetric top
molecules, Vibrational Raman spectra: Raman activity of vibrations,
Experimental set up of Raman Effect.

2. Electron spin resonance: Introduction, Principle of ESR, ESR spectrometer

3. Nuclear magnetic resonance: Introduction, principle and NMR

instrumentation.

Ref – Unit – IV - 1. BM: 6.11, 6.1.3. 2.

BM: 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.3.1. GA: 8.6.1
2. GA: 11.1,11.2and 11.3
3. GA: 10.1,10.2,10.3

References:
1. B: Perspectives of Modern Physics : Arthur Beiser Page 8 of 18 McGraw
Hill.

2. BM: Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy : C. N. Banwell & E. M.

McCash (TMH).(4th Ed.)

3. GA: Molecular structure and spectroscopy : G Aruldhas (2nd Ed) PHI

learning Pvt Ltd.

4. Atomic Physics (Modern Physics): S.N.Ghoshal. S.Chand Publication

(for problems on atomic Physics).
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Theory Course - USPH504: Electrodynamics

Learning outcomes:

On successful completion of this course students will be able to:

1) Understand the laws of electrodynamics and be able to perform
calculations using them.
2) Understand Maxwell’s electrodynamics and its relation to relativity
3) Understand how optical laws can be derived from electromagnetic
principles. 4) Develop quantitative problem solving skills.

Unit - I Electrostatics (15 lect.)

1. Review of Coulomb & Gauss law, The divergence of E, Applications of Gauss’

law, The curl of E. Introduction to potential, Comments on potential, The

potential of a localized charge distribution. Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s
equation. Solution and properties of 1D Laplace equation. Properties of 2D and
3D Laplace equation (without proof).
2. Boundary conditions and Uniqueness theorems, Conductors and Second
Uniqueness theorem, The classic image problem- point charge and grounded
infinite conducting plane and conducting sphere.

DG: 2.1.1 to 2.1.3, 2.2.2 to 2.2.4, 2.3.1 to 2.3.4 DG:

3.1.1 to 3.1.4, 3.1.5, 3.1.6, 3.2.1 to 3.2.4

Unit -II Electrostatics in Matter and Magnetostatics (15 lect.)

1. Dielectrics, Induced Dipoles, Alignment of polar molecules, Polarization,

Bound charges and their physical interpretation, Gauss’ law in presence of
dielectrics, A deceptive parallel, Susceptibility, Permittivity, Dielectric constant
and relation between them, Energy in dielectric systems.
2. Review of Biot-Savart’s law and Ampere’s law, Straight-line currents, The
Divergence and Curl of B, Applications of Ampere’s Law in the case of a long
straight wire and a long solenoid, Comparison of Magnetostatics and
Electrostatics, Magnetic Vector Potential.
DG: 4.1.1 to 4.1.4, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.4.1, 4.4.3 DG:
5.2.1, 5.3.1 to 5.3.4, 5.4.1
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Unit -III Magnetostatics in Matter and Electrodynamics (15 lect.)

1. Magnetization, Bound currents and their physical interpretation,
Ampere’s law in magnetized materials, A deceptive parallel, Magnetic
susceptibility and permeability.
2. Energy in magnetic fields, Electrodynamics before Maxwell, Maxwell’s
correction to Ampere’s law, Maxwell’s equations, Magnetic charge, Maxwell’s
equations in matter, Boundary conditions.
DG: 6.1.1, 6.1.4, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.2.3, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.4.1
DG: 7.2.4, 7.3.1 to 7.3.6

Unit -IV Electromagnetic Waves (15 lect.)

1. The continuity equation, Poynting’s theorem

2. The wave equation for E and B, Monochromatic Plane waves, Energy and
momentum in electromagnetic waves, Propagation in linear media, Reflection and
transmission of EM waves at normal incidence, Reflection and transmission of EM
waves at oblique incidence.
DG : 8.1.1, 8.1.2
DG : 9.2.1 to 9.2.3, 9.3.1 to 9.3.3

References

1. DG: Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J. Griffiths (3rd Ed) Prentice

Hall of India.

Additional References

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics: A. Z. Capria and P. V. Panat, Narosa

Publishing House.

2. Engineering Electrodynamics: William Hayt Jr. & John H. Buck (TMH).

3. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory: Reitz, Milford and Christy.

4. Solutions to Introduction to Electrodynamics: David J. Griffiths (3rd Ed)

Prentice Hall of India.
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PRACTICALS - SEMESTER V

The T. Y. B. Sc. Syllabus integrates the regular practical work with a series of
skill experiments and the project. There will be separate passing head for project
work. During the teaching and examination of Physics laboratory work, simple
modifications of experimental parameters may be attempted. Attention should
be given to basic skills of experimentation which include:

i) Understanding relevant concepts.

ii) Planning of the experiments

iii) Layout and adjustments of the equipments

iv) Understanding designing of the experiments

v) Attempts to make the experiments open ended

vi) Recording of observations and plotting of graphs

vii) Calculation of results and estimation of possible errors in the observation

of results

i) Regular Physics Experiments: A minimum of 06 experiments from each of

the course are to be performed and reported in the journal.

ii) Skill Experiments: All the skill experiments are compulsory and must be
reported in the journal. Skills will be tested during the examination through
viva or practical.

The certified journal must contain a minimum of 12 regular experiments (06

from each group), with ALL Skill experiments in semester V. A separate index
and certificate in journal is must for each semester course.
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iii) Project Includes:

a) Review articles/ PC Simulation on any concept in Physics/ Comparative &

differentiative study/Improvement in the existing experiment (Design and
fabrication concept) /Extension of any regular experiment/Attempt to
make experiment open-ended/Thorough survey of existing active
components (devices, ICs, methods, means, technologies, generations,
applications etc. / any innovative projects having the concept of physics.

b) Two students (maximum) per project.

c) For evaluation of project, the following points shall be considered …

• Working model (Experimental or Concept based simulation)
• Understanding of the project
• Data collection
• Data Analysis
• Innovation/Difficulty
• Report

There will be THREE turns of 3Hrs each for the examination of practical courses.

SEMESTER V

PRACTICAL COURSE: USPHP05

Sr. No. Name of the Experiment

1 Determination of ‘g’ by Kater’s pendulum

2 Surface tension of soap solution

3 Elastic constants of a rubber tube

4 Determination of dielectric constant

5 Logarithmic decrement

6 Searle’s Goniometer
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7 Determination of Rydberg’s constant

8 Edser’s ‘A’ pattern

9 Determination of wavelength by Step slit

10 Determination of e/m by Thomson’s method

11 R. I. by total internal reflection

12 Velocity of sound in air using CRO

PRACTICAL COURSE: USPHP06

Sr. No. Name of the Experiment

1 Mutual inductance by BG.

2 Capacitance by parallel bridge

3 Hysteresis loop by CRO

4 L/C by Maxwell’s bridge

5 Band gap energy of Ge diode

6 Design and study of transistorized astable multivibrator (BB)

7 Design and study of Wien bridge oscillator

8 Design and study of first order active low pass filter circuit (BB)

9 Design and study of first order active high pass filter circuit (BB)

10 Application of IC 555 timer as a ramp generator (BB)

11 LM 317 as constant current source

12 Counters Mod 2, 5, 10 (2 x 5, 5 x 2)

SKILL EXPERIMENTS

Sr. No. Name of the Experiment

1 Estimation of errors from actual experimental data

2 Soldering and testing of an astable multivibrator (Tr./IC555) circuit

on PCB
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3 Optical Leveling of Spectrometer

4 Schuster’s method

5 Laser beam profile

6 Use of electronic balance: Find the density of a solid cylinder

7 Dual trace CRO: Phase shift measurement

8 C1/C2 by B G

9 Internal resistance of voltage and current source

10 Use of DMM to test diode, transistor and factor

References:

1. Advanced course in Practical Physics: D. Chattopadhya, PC. Rakshit &

B. Saha (8th Edition) Book & Allied Pvt. Ltd.

2. BSc Practical Physics: Harnam Singh. S. Chand & Co. Ltd. – 2001.

3. A Text book of Practical Physics: Samir Kumar Ghosh New Central Book
Agency (4th edition).

4. B Sc. Practical Physics: C. L. Arora (1st Edition) – 2001 S. Chand & Co.
Ltd.

5. Practical Physics: C. L. Squires – (3rd Edition) Cambridge University

Press.

6. University Practical Physics: D C Tayal. Himalaya Publication.

7. Advanced Practical Physics: Worsnop & Flint.

SEMESTER VI
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Theory Course – USPH601: Classical Mechanics

Learning outcomes:
This course will introduce the students to different aspects of classical
mechanics. They would understand the kinds of motions that can occur under
a central potential and their applications to planetary orbits. The students
should also appreciate the effect of moving coordinate system, rectilinear as well
as rotating. The students are expected to learn the concepts needed for the
important formalism of Lagrange’s equations and derive the equations using
D’Alembert’s principle. They should also be able to solve simple examples using
this formalism. The introduction to simple concepts from fluid mechanics and
understanding of the dynamics of rigid bodies is also expected. Finally, they
should appreciate the drastic effect of adding nonlinear corrections to usual
problems of mechanics and nonlinear mechanics can help understand the
irregularity we observe around us in nature.

Unit - I Central Force (15 lect.)

1. Motion under a central force, the central force inversely proportional to the
square of the distance, Elliptic orbits, The Kepler problem.

2. Moving origin of coordinates, Rotating coordinate systems, Laws of motion

on the rotating earth, The Foucault pendulum, Larmor’s theorem.

KRS: 3.13 - 3.15, 7.1 - 7.5.

Unit -II Lagrange’s equations (15 lect.)

1. D’Alembert’s principle, Constraints, Examples of holonomic constraints,

examples of nonholonomic constraints, degrees of freedom and generalized
coordinates, virtual displacement, virtual work, D’Alembert’s principle,
illustrative problems.
2. Lagrange’s equations (using D’Alembert’s principle), properties of
Lagrange’s equations, illustrative problems, canonical momentum, cyclic or
ignorable coordinates.

PVP: 4.2 to 4.9, 5.2 to 5.4, 7.2, 7.3.

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Unit -III Fluid Motion and Rigid body rotation (15 lect.)

1. Kinematics of moving fluids, Equation of motion for an ideal fluid,

Conservation laws for fluid motion, Steady flow.
2. Rigid dynamics: introduction, degrees of freedom, rotation about an axis:
orthogonal matrix, Euler’s theorem, Eulerian angles, inertia tensor, angular
momentum of rigid body, Euler’s equation of motion of rigid body, free motion of
rigid body, motion of symmetric top (without notation).

KRS : 8.6 to 8.9

PVP: 16.1 to 16.10

Unit -IV Non Linear Mechanics (15 lect.)

1. Nonlinear mechanics: Qualitative approach to chaos, The anharmonic
oscillator, Numerical solution of Duffing’s equation.
2. Transition to chaos: Bifurcations and strange attractors, Aspects of chaotic
behavior (Logistic map).

BO: 11.1, 11.3 to 11.5

References

1. PVP: Classical Mechanics, P. V. Panat (Narosa).

2. KRS: Mechanics : Keith R. Symon, (Addision Wesely) 3rd Ed.

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3. BO: Classical Mechanics- a Modern Perspective: V. D. Barger and M. G.

Olsson. (Mc Graw Hill International 1995 Ed.)

Additional References

1. Classical Mechanics: Herbert Goldstein (Narosa 2nd Ed.).

2. An Introduction to Mechanics: Daniel Kleppner & Robert Kolenkow

Tata Mc Graw Hill (Indian Ed. 2007).

3. Chaotic Dynamics- an introduction: Baker and Gollub

(Cambridge Univ. Press).

4. Classical Mechanics: J. C. Upadhyaya (Himalaya Publishing House).

Theory Course – USPH602: Electronics

Learning Outcome:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to:

1. Understand the basics of semiconductor devices and their applications.

2. Understand the basic concepts of operational amplifier: its prototype and
applications as instrumentation amplifier, active filters, comparators and
waveform generation.
3. Understand the basic concepts of timing pulse generation and regulated
power supplies
4. Understand the basic electronic circuits for universal logic building blocks
and basic concepts of digital communication.
5. Develop quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered.

Unit - I (15 lect.)

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1. Field effect transistors: JFET: Basic ideas, Drain curve, The

transconductance curve, Biasing in the ohmic region and the active region,
Transconductance, JFET common source amplifier, JFET analog switch,
multiplexer, voltage controlled resistor, Current sourcing.

2. MOSFET: Depletion and enhancement mode, MOSFET operation and

characteristics, digital switching.

3. SCR – construction, static characteristics, Analysis of the operation of

SCR, Gate Triggering Characteristics, Variable half wave rectifier and Variable
full wave rectifier, Current ratings of SCR.

4. UJT: Construction, Operation, characteristics and application as a

relaxation oscillator.

1. MB: 13.1 to 13.9

2. MB: 14.1, 14.2, 14.4, 14.6.
3. AM: 28.1, 28.5

Unit -II (15 lect.)

1. Differential Amplifier using transistor: The Differential Amplifier, DC and AC

analysis of a differential amplifier, Input characteristic-effect of input bias, offset
current and input offset voltage on output, common mode gain, CMRR.
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2. Op Amp Applications: Log amplifier, Instrumentation amplifiers, Voltage

controlled current sources (grounded load), First order Active filters, Astable
using OP AMP, square wave and triangular wave generator using OP AMP, Wein-
bridge oscillator using OP AMP, Comparators with Hysteresis, Window
Comparator.

1. MB: 17.1 to 17.5

2. MB: 20.5, 20.8, 21.4, 22.2, 22.3, 22.7, 22.8, 23.

Unit -III (15 lect.)

1. Transistor Multivibrators: Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrators,

Schmitt trigger.

2. 555 Timer: Review Block diagram, Monostable and Astable operation

Voltage Controlled Oscillator, Pulse Width modulator, Pulse Position Modulator,
Triggered linear ramp generator.

3. Regulated DC power supply: Supply characteristics, series voltage

regulator, Short circuit protection (current limit and fold back) Monolithic linear
IC voltage Regulators. (LM 78XX, LM 79XX, LM 317, LM337).

1. AM: 18.11
2. KVR: 14.5.2.1, 14.5.2.5, 14.5.2.6, 14.5.4.1
3. MB: 23.8, 23.9
,,,,,,,
4. MB: 24.1, 24.3, 24.4

Unit -IV (15 lect.)

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1. Logic families: Standard TTL NAND, TTL NOR, Open collector gates, Three
state TTL devices, MOS inverters, CMOS NAND and NOR gates, CMOS
characteristics.

2. Digital Communication Techniques: Digital Transmission of Data, Benefits

of Digital Communication, Disadvantages of Digital Communication, Parallel and
Serial Transmission, Pulse Modulation, Comparing Pulse-Modulation Methods (
PAM, PWM, PPM), Pulse-Code Modulation.

1. ML: 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.7, 7.2 to 7.4.

2. LF: 7.1, 7.2, 7.4

References

1. MB: Electronic Principles, Malvino & Bates -7th Ed TMH Publication.

2. AM: Electronic Devices and Circuits, Allen Mottershead -PHI Publication.

3. KVR: Functional Electronics, K.V. Ramanan-TMH Publication.

4. ML: Digital Principles and Applications, Malvino and Leach

(4th Ed)(TMH).

5. LF: Communication Electronics: Principles and applications, Louis E

Frenzel 4th edition TMH Publications.

Theory Course – USPH603: Nuclear Physics

Objectives:
The course is built on exploring the fundamentals of nuclear matter as well as
considering some of the important applications of nuclear physics. Topics
include decay modes – (alpha, beta & gamma decay), nuclear models (liquid drop
model, introduction to shell model), Applications of Nuclear Physics in the field
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of particle accelerators and energy generation, nuclear forces and elementary

particles. The lecture course will be integrated with problem solving.

Learning Outcomes:

• Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to

understand the fundamental principles and concepts governing classical
nuclear and particle physics and have a knowledge of their applications
interactions of ionizing radiation with matter the key techniques for particle
accelerators the physical processes involved in nuclear power generation.
• Knowledge on elementary particles will help students to understand the
fundamental constituents of matter and lay foundation for the understanding
of unsolved questions about dark matter, antimatter and other research
oriented topics.

Unit - I Alpha & Beta Decay (15 lect.)

1. Alpha decay: Velocity, energy, and Absorption of alpha particles: Range,

Ionization and stopping power, Nuclear energy levels. Range of alpha particles,
alpha particle spectrum, Fine structure, long range alpha particles, Alpha decay
paradox: Barrier penetration (Gamow’s theory of alpha decay and GeigerNuttal
law).

2. Beta decay: Introduction, Velocity and energy of beta particles, Energy

levels and decay schemes, Continuous beta ray spectrum-Difficulties
encountered to understand it, Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis, Detection of neutrino,
Energetics of beta decay.

1. IK: 13. 1, 13.2, 13.5, SBP: 4. II. 1, 4. II. 2, 4. II. 3, 1.II.3

2. IK: 14.1, 14.7, SBP: 4. III. 1, 4. III. 2, 4. III. 3, 4. III. 5, SNG : 5.5.

Unit -II Gamma Decay & Nuclear Models (15 lect.)

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1. Gamma decay: Introduction, selection rules, Internal conversion, nuclear

isomerism, Mossbauer effect.

2. Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model, Weizsacker’s semi-empirical mass

formula, Mass parabolas - Prediction of stability against beta decay for members
of an isobaric family, Stability limits against spontaneous fission. Shell model
(Qualitative), Magic numbers in the nucleus.

1. SBP: 4. IV. 1, 4. IV.2, 4. IV. 3, 4. IV. 4, 9.4

2. SBP: 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5. AB: 11.6-pages (460,461).

Unit -III Nuclear Energy & Particle Accelerators (15 lect.)

1. Nuclear energy: Introduction, Asymmetric fission - Mass yield, Emission
of delayed neutrons, Nuclear release in fission, Nature of fission fragments,
Energy released in the fission of U235, Fission of lighter nuclei, Fission chain
reaction, Neutron cycle in a thermal nuclear reactor (Four Factor Formula),
Nuclear power and breeder reactors, Natural fusion Possibility of controlled
fusion.

2. Particle Accelerators: Van de Graaff Generator, Cyclotron, Synchrotron,

Betatron and Idea of Large Hadron Collider.

1. SBP: 6.1, 6.3 to 6.9, 9.6, 9.7, 8.1,8.2,8.3

2. SBP: 1.I.4 (i), 1.I.4 (ii), 1.I.4 (iii), 1.I.4 (iv), 6.9, AB: 13.3
,,,,,,,

Unit -IV Nuclear force & Elementary particles (15 lect.)

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1. Nuclear force: Introduction, Deuteron problem, Meson theory of

Nuclear Force- A qualitative discussion.

2. Elementary particles: Introduction, Classification of elementary

particles, Particle interactions, Conservation laws (linear &angular momentum,
energy, charge, baryon number & lepton number), particles and antiparticles
(Electrons and positrons, Protons and anti-protons, Neutrons and anti-
neutrons, Neutrinos and anti-neutrinos), Photons, Mesons, Quark model
(Qualitative).

1. SBP: 8.6
2. DCT: 18.1, 18.2,18.3, 18.4 , 18.5 to 18.9 AB: 13.5

References

1. AB: Concepts of Modern Physics: Arthur Beiser, Shobhit Mahajan, S Rai

Choudhury (6th Ed.) (TMH).

2. SBP: Nuclear Physics, S.B. Patel (Wiley Eastern Ltd.).

3. IK: Nuclear Physics, Irving Kaplan (2nd Ed.) (Addison Wesley).

4. SNG: Nuclear Physics, S. N. Ghoshal (S. Chand & Co.)

5. DCT: Nuclear Physics, D. C. Tayal (Himalayan Publishing House) 5th ed.

Additional References

1. Modern Physics: Kenneth Krane (2nd Ed.), John Wiley & Sons.

2. Atomic & Nuclear Physics: N Subrahmanyam, Brij Lal.

(Revised by Jivan Seshan.) S. Chand.

3. Atomic & Nuclear Physics: A B Gupta & Dipak Ghosh Books & Allied (P)
Ltd.
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4 Introduction to Elementary Particles: David Griffith, Second Revised

Edition, Wiley-VCH.

Theory Course – USPH604: Special Theory of Relativity

Learning outcomes:

This course introduces students to the essence of special relativity which

revolutionized the concept of physics in the last century by unifying space and
time, mass and energy, electricity and magnetism. This course also gives a very
brief introduction of general relativity. After the completion of the course the
student should be able to

1. Understand the significance of Michelson Morley experiment and failure of

the existing theories to explain the null result
2. Understand the importance of postulates of special relativity, Lorentz
transformation equations and how it changed the way we look at space and
time, Absolutism and relativity, Common sense versus Einstein concept of
Space and time.
3. Understand the transformation equations for: Space and time, velocity,
frequency, mass, momentum, force, Energy, Charge and current density,
electric and magnetic fields.
4. Solve problems based on length contraction, time dilation, velocity addition,
Doppler effect, mass energy relation and resolve paradoxes in relativity like
twin paradox etc.

Unit - I (15 lect.)

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Introduction to Special theory of relativity:

Inertial and Non-inertial frames of reference, Galilean transformations,
Newtonian relativity, Electromagnetism and Newtonian relativity. Attempts to
locate absolute frame: Michelson- Morley experiment (omit derivation part),
Attempts to preserve the concept of a preferred ether frame: Lorentz Fitzgerald
contraction and Ether drag hypothesis (conceptual), Stellar aberration, Attempt
to modify electrodynamics.

Relativistic Kinematics - I: Postulates of the special theory of relativity,

Simultaneity, Derivation of Lorentz transformation equations. Some
consequences of the Lorentz transformation equations: length contraction, time
dilation and meson experiment, The observer in relativity.

RR: 1.1 to 1.9, 2.1 to 2.5

Unit -II (15 lect.)

Relativistic Kinematics - II: The relativistic addition of velocities, acceleration

transformation equations, Aberration and Doppler effect in relativity, The
common sense of special relativity.

The Geometric Representation of Space-Time: Space-Time Diagrams,

Simultaneity, Length contraction and Time dilation, The time order and space
separation of events, The twin paradox.

RR: 2.6 to 2.8, Supplementary topics A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3.

Unit -III (15 lect.)

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Relativistic Dynamics: Mechanics and Relativity, The need to redefine

momentum, Relativistic momentum, Alternative views of mass in relativity, The
relativistic force law and the dynamics of a single particle, The equivalence of
mass and energy, The transformation properties of momentum, energy and
mass. RR: 3.1 to 3.7
,,,,,,,

Unit -IV (15 lect.)

Relativity and Electromagnetism: Introduction, The interdependence of

Electric and Magnetic fields, The Transformation for E and B, The field of a
uniformly moving point charge, Force and fields near a current-carrying wire,
Force between moving charges, The invariance of Maxwell’s equations.

The principle of equivalence and general relativity, Gravitational red shift.

RR: 4.1 to 4.7. Supplementary topic C1, C2, C3, C4.

Note: (A good number of problems to be solved from Resnick).

References

1. RR: Introduction to Special Relativity: Robert Resnick (Wiley Student Edition).

2. Special theory of Relativity: A. P. French.

3. Very Special Relativity – An illustrated guide: by Sander Bais - Amsterdam

University Press.

4. Chapter 1: Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser.

5. Chapter 2: Modern Physics by Kenneth Krane.

SEMESTER VI

The T. Y. B. Sc. Syllabus integrates the regular practical work with a series of
demonstration experiments and the project. There will be separate passing head
for project work. During the teaching and examination of Physics laboratory
 Page 33 of 31

work, simple modifications of experimental parameters may be attempted.

Attention should be given to basic skills of experimentation which include:

i) Understanding relevant concepts.

ii) Planning of the experiments.

iii) Layout and adjustments of the equipments

iv) Understanding designing of the experiments

v) Attempts to make the experiments open ended

vi) Recording of observations and plotting of graphs

vii) Calculation of results and estimation of possible errors in the observation

of results.

i) Regular Physics Experiments: A minimum of 06 experiments from each of

the practical course are to be performed and reported in the journal.
ii) Demonstration Experiments: The demonstration experiments are to be
performed by the teacher in the laboratory and students should be
encouraged to participate and take observation wherever possible.

Demonstration experiments are designed to bring about interest and excitement

in Physics. Students are required to enter details of these ‘demonstration’
experiments in their journal.

The certified journal must contain a minimum of 12 regular experiments (06

from each practical course), MINIMUM 06 demonstration experiments in
semester VI. A separate index and certificate in journal is must for each course
in each semester.
 Page 34 of 31

iii) Project Details:

a) Project Includes: Review articles/Simulation on PC on any concept in

Physics/ Comparative & differentiative study/Improvement in the existing
experiment (Design and fabrication concept) /Extension of any regular
experiment/Attempt to make experiment open-ended/Thorough survey of
existing active components (devices, ICs, methods, means, technologies,
generations, applications etc. / any innovative projects using the concept
of physics.

b) Students/project : 02 (maximum)

c) Evaluation of the project: The following points shall be considered.

• Working model (Experimental or Concept based simulation)
• Understanding of the project
• Data collection
• Data Analysis
• Innovation/difficulty
• Report

There will be THREE turns of three hours each for the examination of practical
courses.

SEMESTER VI

PRACTICAL COURSE: USPHP07

Sr. No. Name of the Experiment

1 Surface tension of mercury by Quincke’s method

2 Thermal conductivity by Lee’s method

3 Study of JFET characteristics

4 JFET as a common source amplifier

5 JFET as switch (series and shunt)

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6 UJT characteristics and relaxation oscillator

7 Study of Pulse width modulation (BB)

8 Study of Pulse position modulation (BB)

9 Determination of h/e by photocell

10 R. P. of Prism

11 Double refraction

12 Lloyd’s single mirror: determination of wavelength

PRACTICAL COURSE: USPHP08

Sr. No. Name of the Experiment
1 Determination of M/C by using BG

2 Self-inductance by Anderson’s bridge

3 Hall effect

4 Solar cell characteristics and determination of Voc, Isc and Pmax

5 Design and study of transistorized monostable multivibrator (BB)

6 Design and study of transistorized bistable multivibrator (BB)

7 Application of Op-Amp as a window comparator

8 Application of Op-Amp as a Log amplifier

9 Application of IC 555 as a voltage to frequency converter (BB)

10 Application of IC 555 as a voltage to time converter (BB)

11 LM-317 as variable voltage source

12 Shift register

DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS

Sr. No. Name of the Experiment

1 Open CRO, Power Supply, and Signal Generator: block diagrams

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2 Data sheets: Diodes, Transistor, Op-amp & Optoelectronic devices

3 Zeeman Effect

4 Michelson’s interferometer

5 Constant deviation spectrometer (CDS)

6 Digital storage oscilloscope (DSO)

7 Determination of Op-Amp parameters (offset voltage, slew rate,

input impedance, output impedance, ACM)

8 Transformer (theory, construction and working), types of

transformers and energy losses associated with them.

9 Use of LCR meter

10 Lux meter / Flux meter

References:

1. Advanced course in Practical Physics: D. Chattopadhya, PC. Rakshit &

B. Saha (8th Edition) Book & Allied (P) Ltd.

2. BSc Practical Physics: Harnam Singh. S. Chand & Co. Ltd. – 2001.

3. A Text book of Practical Physics: Samir Kumar Ghosh New Central Book
Agency (4th edition).

4. B Sc. Practical Physics: C. L. Arora (1st Edition) – 2001 S. Chand & Co.

5. Practical Physics: C. L. Squires – (3rd Edition) Cambridge Univ. Press.

6. University Practical Physics: D C Tayal, Himalaya Publication.

7. Advanced Practical Physics: Worsnop & Flint.