GEN NAV TEST 1

1. What is the approximate compression of the Earth?

a. 3%
b. 0.03%
c. 0.3%
d. 1/3000

2. A Graticule is the name given to:

a. a series of lines drawn on a chart
b. a series of Latitude and Longitude lines drawn on a chart or map
c. a selection of small circles as you get nearer to either pole

3. A great circle has its North vertex at 70N 130E. What is the position of its South vertex?
a.70N 120E
b.70S 130W
C. 70S 50W

4. In Question 3, at what longitudes and in what direction would the Great Circle cross the Equator assuming:
a. initial direction is east from the northern vertex?
b. initial direction is west from the northern vertex?

5. Given that the compression value of the Earth is 1/297 and that the semi-major axis of the Earth,
measured at the axis of the Equator, is 6378.4 km, what is the semi-minor (i.e. radius) axis of the Earth
measured at the axis of the Poles?
a. 6399.9 km
b. 6356.9 km
c. 6378.4 km
d. 6367.0 km

6. What is the change of latitude between the following positions:-

a. 52°15’N to 39°35’N
b. 49°35’N to 60°20’S
c. 74°20’S to 34°30’S
d. 71°20’N to 86°45’N over the North Pole.

7. What is the difference in nautical miles and in kilometres from position A (41°25’N)
to position B (79°30’N)? Both are on the same meridian.
3. What is the change of longitude between the following positions:-
a. 075°40’W to 125°35’W
b. 001°20’E to 004°20’W
c. 150°40’E to 179°30’E
d. 162°36’W to 140°42’E

8. Give the direction and change of latitude and longitude from X to Y in each case:
X Y
a. 50°31’N 006°30’W to 52°00’N 008°35’W
b. 47°32’N 002°46’W to 43°56’N 001°33’W
c. 61°47’N 003°46’W to 62°13’N 001°36’E
d. 31°27’S 091°47’E to 35°57’N 096°31’E
e. 51°05’N 177°42’E to 51°06’N 167°42’W

9. Give the shortest distance in nautical miles and kilometres between the following
positions:
a. 52°06’N 002°32’E and 53°36’N 002°32’E
b. 04°41’S 163°36’W and 03°21’N 163°36’W
c. 62°00’N 093°00’E and 62°00’N 087°00’W
d. 00°00’N 176°00’E and 00°00’N 173°00’W
e. 43°57’N 071°37’W and 43°57’S 108°23’E

10. An aircraft is to fly from position 72°00’N 002°30’E to position 72°00’N 177°30’W on
the shortest possible route.
a. Give the initial (True) track direction
b. Will the track direction remain the same for the whole flight?
c. Give a reason for the answer given in b above.

11. You are at position A at 54°20’N 002°30’W. Given a ch.lat of 16°20’N and a ch.long
of 20°30’W to B, what is the position of B?

12. You are at position C at 36°47’S 179°21’E. Given a ch.at of 46°47’N and a ch.long of
20°30’E to D, what is the position of D?

13. What is the position of the Rhumb Line between 2 points relative to the Great
Circle between the same points if the points are:
a. In the Northern hemisphere?
b. In the Southern hemisphere?

14. Any Meridian Line is a:

a.Rhumb Line
b. Semi Great Circle
c. Rhumb Line and a semi Great Circle

15. A Rhumb Line cuts all meridians at the same angle. This gives:
a. The shortest distance between two points.
b. A line which could never be a Great Circle track
c. A line of constant direction

16. What is a line of equal magnetic variation?

a. An isocline
b. An isogonal
c. An isogriv
d. An isovar
 17. If variation is West, then:
a. True North is West of Magnetic North
b. Compass North is West of Magnetic North
c. True North is East of Magnetic North
d. Magnetic North is West of Compass North

18. Isogonal lines converge as follows:

a. At the North Magnetic Pole
b. At the North and South Magnetic and Geographical Poles
c. At the North and South Magnetic Poles
d. At the Magnetic equator

19. The value of magnetic variation on a chart changes with time. This is due to:
a. Movement of the magnetic poles, causing an increase
b. Increase in the magnetic field, causing an increase
c. Reduction in the magnetic field, causing a decrease
d. Movement of the magnetic poles, which can cause either an increase or a
decrease

20. The angle between True North and Magnetic North is known as:
a. deviation
b. variation
c. alignment error
d. dip

21. The value of variation:

a. is zero at the magnetic equator
b. has a maximum value of 180°
c. has a maximum value of 45°E or 45°W
d. cannot exceed 90°

22. The agonic line:

a. is midway between the magnetic North and South poles
b. follows the geographic equator
c. is the shorter distance between the respective True and Magnetic North and
South poles
d. follows separate paths out of the North polar regions, one currently running
through Western Europe and the other through the USA

23. What is the definition of magnetic variation?

a. The angle between the direction indicated by a compass and Magnetic North
b. The angle between True North and Compass North
c. The angle between Magnetic North and True North
d. The angle between Magnetic Heading and Magnetic North

24. The term departure used in navigation also have the following meaning:
A) Angular distance along a meridian.
B) Angular distance along a parallel of latitude.
C) Distance in direction East/West, given in nautical miles.
D) Distance North/South.

25. Kilometre is defined as:

A) 0,621 Statute mile.
B) 0,454 Nautical mile.
C) a 1/10000 part of the meridian length from Equator to the pole.
D) the mean length of a 1/40000 part of the Equator.

26. When dealing with heights and altitudes in international aviation, we use the following units:
A) Metre and Foot.
B) Foot, Kilometre and decimals of Nautical mile.
C) All 3 answers are correct.
D) Foot and Yard.

27. How many feet are there in a nm?

A) 6080 ft
B) 5280 ft
C) 1000 ft
D) 3280 ft

28. A Nautical mile is defined as:

A) The length of a 1 minute arc, measured anywhere on the surface of the Earth.
B) The average length of a 1' arc of longitude and a 1' arc of latitude.
C) 1855 metres.
D) The average length of a 1 minute arc of a meridian.

29. How long is 25 Kilometres at 6000N?

A) 13,5 Nautical mile
B) 46,3 Nautical mile
C) 40,2 Statute miles
D) 27,0 Nautical mile

30. Assuming the Earth being a perfect sphere:

A) All 3 answers are correct.
B) a 1 minute arc measured on the surface of the Earth will be equally long wherever it is measured.
C) distances will vary, dependant on their directions.
D) distances will vary, dependant on the latitude.

31. How many feet are equivalent to 9,5 km?

A) 9.500 ft
B) 50.160 ft
C) 57.760 ft
D) 31.160 ft
 32. A position P is located at 23º 45’ N, how many nautical miles is this point from the Equator?
A) 1488 nm
B) 1425 nm
C) 1535 nm
D) 1399 nm

33. In international aviation the following units are used for horizontal distance:
A) Metres, Kilometres and Nautical miles.
B) Metres, Statute miles and Nautical miles.
C) Kilometres, Statute miles and Nautical miles.
D) Kilometres, Feet and Nautical miles.

34. Consider the following statements:

A) All 3 statements are correct.
B) The exact length 1 minute of arc varies a little from position to position because the Earth radius vary.
C) In any position on the surface of the Earth, the length of 1 of arc East/West is equal to the length 1 minute
of
arc North/South in the same position on a perfect sphere.
D) The exact length 1 minute of arc is shorter at high altitude than at sea level, when the arc is observed from
the
centre of the Earth.

35. How many centimetres are equivalent to 36,25 inches?

A) 0,014 m
B) 14,27 cm
C) 92,08 cm
D) 11,05 cm

36. nautical mile equals:

A) 0,869 Statute mile.
B) 6076 feet.
C) 3281 Yards.
D) 1855 metres.

37. An aircraft leaves ORLANDO FLORIDA (N 28° 32 W 081° 20) at 08:20 Z, GS 375. The ETA at TENERIFE.
CANARIES (N 28° 32 W 016° 16) is:
A) 17:29 Z
B) 17:59 Z
C) 17:18 Z
D) 17:45 Z

38. How many feet are there in 1 sm?

A) 1000 ft
B) 6080 ft
C) 5280 ft
D) 3280 ft
 39. The International Nautical Mile defined by ICAO is equivalent to … m.
A) 1.852 m
B) 1.962 m
C) 1.652 m
D) 1.582 m

40. How many feet are there in a km?

A) 6080 ft
B) 5280 ft
C) 3280 ft
D) 1000 ft

41. The distance from A (S 27° 43 W 005° 15) to B(S 27° 43 E 018° 29):
A) 1151 nm
B) 1261 nm
C) 1299 nm
D) 709 nm

42. The planets move around the Sun:

A) At constant velocity.
B) In circular orbits.
C) At constant angular speed.
D) In elliptical orbits.

43. At what approximate date is the earth furthest from the sun (aphelion)?
A) Beginning of July.
B) Beginning of January.
C) End of September.
D) End of December.

44. Seasons are due to the:

A) Earths elliptical orbit around the Sun.
B) variable distance between Earth and Sun.
C) Earths rotation on its polar axis.
D) inclination of the polar axis with the ecliptic plane.

45. The direction of the Earths rotation on its axis is such that:
A) An observer on the surface of the earth always will face West when
observing sunrise.
B) Any point on the surface of the Earth will move westward.
C) Any point on the surface of the Earth will move eastward.
D) Observed from the point above the North Pole, the rotation is counter-
clockwise.

46. The suns declination is:

A) The angular distance between the sun and the celestial North Pole.
B) The suns position relative to the plane of the Equator.
C) The suns position relative to the ecliptic.
D) The distance between the sun and the horizon.

47. What is the approximate date of perihelion, when the Earth is nearest to the Sun?
A) End of March.
B) Beginning of January.
C) Beginning of July.
D) End of December.

48. An aircraft departing A(N40º 00´ E080º 00´ ) flies a constant true track of 270º at a ground speed of
120 kt. What are the
coordinates of the position reached in 6 HR?
A) N40º 00´ E068º 10´ .
B) N40º 00´ E064º 20´ .
C) N40º 00´ E060º 00´ .
D) N40º 00´ E070º 30´

49. The total length of the 30° Latitude is:

A) 18.706 km
B) 18.706 nm
C) 10.800 km
D) 10.800 nm

50. Latitude may be defined as:

A) The angular distance measured along a meridian from the equator to a
parallel of the latitude, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds and
named North or South.
B) The displacement of a place from equator.
C) The angle between the plane of the equator and the plane of the parallel
of latitude.
D) The distance from equator to a place on the surface of the earth.

51. Parallels of latitude, except the equator are:

A) Rhumb lines.
B) Great circles.
C) are neither Rhumb lines nor Great circles.
D) both Rhumb lines and Great circles.

52. What is the highest latitude on the Earth at which the Sun can be vertically overhead?
A) 90 deg.
B) 66 deg.
C) 45 deg.
D) 23 deg.

53. The diameter of the Earth is approximately:

A) 40 000 km.
B) 18 500 km.
C) 12 700 km.
D) 6 350 km.

54. The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60° N is approximately:

A) 10 800 NM.
B) 18 706 NM.
C) 20 000 NM.
D) 34 641 NM.

55. A Parallel of Latitude is a:

A) Small circle.
B) Rhumb line.
C) Meridian of tangency.
D) Great circle.

56. Aircraft magnetic heading 035. If variation +16 and deviation is -11.find true heading and compass
heading?
True heading ,Magnetic heading
a. 51. 46
b. 50. 44
c. 52. 42

57. What is the maximum value of variation?

a.90
b.180
c.360

58. what is the maximum value of latitude?

a.95
b.90
c.100

59. What is the datum to measure latitude?

a.Prime meridian
b.Greenwich meridian
c.Equator

60. What is the datum for measuring longitude?

a.Equator
b.prime meridian