PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic

Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Logic: Nature, History, Approaches & Materials:

Activity Sheet, TV, Whiteboard Marker
Significance References:
Learning Target: Hinacay, Marionito L. & Hinacay, Ma. Belen
S.E. Logic: A textbook-workbook for college
1. Know the importance of studying Logic students. Iligan City: Vitasophia Book Center.
2. Trace the history of formal and informal Logic 2007
Bachhuber, Andrew H. S.J. Introduction to
1. Logic: New York: Appleton, Inc. 1995.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)

What Logic is:

B. MAIN LESSON
 PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

1) Activity 1: Content Notes (13 mins)

Historical Timeline of Logic

• Father of logic. He was the first to comprehensively systematize
Aristotle (384-322) logic in work Organon (The method/Organ of Investigation)
• He devised systematic criteria for analyzing and evaluating
arguments. He catalogued a number of informal fallacies.
Zeno of Citium (c.340-265) • Introduced stoic logic patterned after Aristotle
• Hedevelopeda form of logic in which the fundamental elements
Chrysippus (279-206 BC) were whole proposition. He treated all proposition as either true of
false.He laid the foundation for the truth functional interpretation of
logical connectives and introduced the notion of natural deduction.
Galen (129C-199) • developed the theory of compound categorical syllogism
Peter Abelard (1079-1142) • He reconstructed and refined the logic of Aristotle.
• He originated the theory of universals in his treatise, ‘the Dialectica’.
Willian Occam (1285-1349) • Developed modal logic.
Gottfried Wilhem Leibniz • Father of symbolic Logic. He develops a symbolic language
(1646-1716) (calculus).
George Boole (1815-1864) • Founder of symbolic logic. He developed Boolean Logic which
treats propositions as either true or false.
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1819- • developers of the ‘truth tables
1951)
John Venn (1835-1923) • introduced circular diagrams as a tool to test the validity of
syllogisms
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) • Developed a general theory for scientific investigations.
Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) • Laid down the foundations of modern mathematical logic. He
pronounced that logic is the basis of mathematics and that
arithmetic and analysis are part of logic.
Alfred North Whitehead (1861- • Logical empiricist, who was associated with the famous verifiability
1947) principle, according to which a synthetic statement is meaningful
only if it is verifiable.
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) • Attempted to reduce mathematics to pure logic (Principia
Mathematica)
Rudolph Carnap (1891-1970) • Famous for his verifiability principle, according to which a synthetic
statement is meaningful only if it is verifiable.
Kurt Goedel (1906-1978) • Presented a very famous theorem than in any formal system
 PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

adequate for number theory there exists an undecidable formula.

Lofti Zadeh • Developed ‘fuzzy logic’ which allows imprecise answers to
questions in addition to being either clear-cut true or false.
Present • Logic has made contribution to technology by laying the foundation
for the electronic circuitry of digital divisions of logic.

2) Activity 2: Skill-building Activities (20 mins)

Instruction: Everybody has a gift of natural logic. Complete the following sentences to
express reasoning or argument through the Sentence Completion Activity
(Agapay, 2005, p.9)

1. Logic is an art because

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
2. Logic is a science because
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
 PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

3. Man has a natural ability to reason because

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
4. Logic is required by all sciences because
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
5. Though man has the gift of common sense, he has to study logic because
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.

3) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)

Instruction: Answer the question below in not less than five (5) lines.

1. What is the importance of studying logic or its uses in our everyday life?
_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________

_____________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________

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4) Activity 3: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

 PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Directions. On the blank before each number, write TRUE if the statement is true; if false, write
the appropriate answer in lieu of the underlined word to make the statement
true.

____ 1. Logic is science that deals about the correct processes of thinking or

reasoning?

____ 2. Logic as a branch of philosophy that deals primarily with questions.

____ 3. Logic is classified under the theoretical division of philosophy.

____ 4. Natural logic refers to man’s gift of reason.

____ 5. Aristotle is considered as the “Father of Logic”.

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

You are done with the session! Let's track your progress

Period 1 Period 2 Period 3

P3
1 2 3 4 5 6 P1 Exam 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 P2 Exam 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Exam

Thinking about your learning

Give your three (3) most useful takeaways from the lesson?
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

KEY TO CORRECTION

Activity 2:
(Answers may vary)

Activity 3: (Answers may vary)

Sample answer: Logic helps us to decide our decision. It also makes us analyze of what is good argument.
If one understands logic one may able to adopt and grow using the same reasoning in times of difficulty.
 PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Logic is the arts of learning to think and communicate clearly and coherently. It chastens one's own
thinking and helps develop an appreciation for tenable arguments and a respect for good reasoning.
Knowledge in logic helps us become more adept at solving problems, whether they're encountered in
business, science, politics, or the law.

Activity 4:
1. TRUE
2. REASONING
3. PRACTICAL
4. TRUE
5. TRUE

TEACHER-LED ACTIVITIES

A. If this session happens to be a face-to-face, in-classroom learning session:

1) Collect completed work in the SAS.
2) Allocate your contact time with students to individual or small group mentoring, monitoring, and
student consultations.
3) You may administer summative assessments (quizzes, demonstrations, graded recitation,
presentations, performance tasks) during face-to-face sessions.
4) You may also explore supplementary activities that foster collaboration, provided that social
distancing is observed.
5) You may provide supplementary content via videos, etc.

It is important to remember that students who cannot make it to face-to-face, in-classroom sessions for
health and safety reasons, should not be given lower grades for missing in-class activities and should
be given alternative summative tests.

B. If this session happens to be an at-home learning session for the students:

1) Check and grade collected SAS and other input from students.
2) Schedule phone calls/virtual calls/virtual chats to individual students or small groups of students to
monitor work, provide guidance, answer questions, and check understanding.

Thank you for your cooperation!

Stay safe always
 PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Teachers’ Guide
Lesson 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

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