English

2nd Paper

Topic

Modifiers

অনলাইন ব্যাচ সম্পর্কিত যেককাকনা জিজ্ঞাাসা ,

 Modifiers

ক োন ো শব্দ/বো ্োাংশ অ ্ ক োন ো শব্দ/বো ্োাংনশর আনে বো পনর বনে তোন ববনশবিত রনে বো
পবরবতত , রূপোন্তর রনে তোন Modifier বনে।

Modifier ২ প্র োর:

1. Pre-modifier [Pre মাকন ‘পূকব্ি’]
2. Post-modifier [Post মাকন ‘পকে’]
For example:
i. It’s such a beautiful day.
ব্াকযটিকত Day হকলা Noun। হযযা, একদম ঠিক ধকেক া, শব্দটি আকে ব্সা Adjective “Beautiful” হকলা
আমাকদে Pre-Modifier মহাশ ।
ii. I found her mother sick.
‘Sick’ Adjective-টি “Mother” Noun-এে পকে ব্কস যসটিকক মর্িফাই কেক । ব্ুঝকতই পােক া, এটা
Post-modifiers.

ববেত বছনরর প্রশ্ন Analysis রনে েবনেনে কববশ ৩ ধরন র modifier েম্বনে জো ো যোে:
i. Modifier with noun (noun-যক যকন্দ্র ককে র্ব্র্িন্ন ধেকনে adjective modifier)
ii. Modifier with verb (verb-যক যকন্দ্র ককে র্ব্র্িন্ন ধেকনে adverb modifier)
iii. Modifier with adjective (adjective-যক যকন্দ্র ককে র্ব্র্িন্ন ধেকনে adverb modifier)

Modifier with Noun

Rule-01: Pre-modify the noun/Use adjective to pre-modify the noun

Note: …. + adjective + noun

Previous Years' Questions:

i. Arsenic is a harmful/ dangerous/ poisonous substance. [DB. 2019]
ii. He was a great/ famous poet. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB: 2017]
iii. Television has become the most common and widespread/ popular source or
entertainment in the present world. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]

Rule-02: Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun

Note: ..... + noun + noun

Previous Years' Questions:

i. Most of our village people drink tube well water. [DB. 2019]
ii. Television programs are very entertaining. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]
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iii. His literary works have enriched Bengali literature. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB:
2017]

Rule-03: Use an appositive to post modify the noun

Note: Subject + কমা + noun/noun phrase + কমা+.....

Previous Years' Questions:

i. Motor vehicles also pollute the air, the most vital elementof the environment. [JB:
2019]
ii. Nazrul, our national poet, the rebel poet, won the attention of everyone in his
early childhood. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB: 2017]
iii. Pakistan, the mostly military ruled country, cannot come out of its military
influences. [CB: 2017]

Rule-04: Post-modify the noun/ Post-modify the noun with past participle
adjective
Note: Noun + adjective + .....

Previous Year’s Question:

Courses run by the Open University are shown on BTV. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]

Rule-05: Use a determiner to pre-modify the noun/noun phrase

Note: ..... + article/ demonstrative (this/ that/ these/ those)/ some/ any/ many/ few
etc. + noun

Previous Year’s Question:

Some dishonest businessmen use poisonous chemicals in food and fruits to make
illegal and quick money. [RB: 2019]

Rule-06: Use an article to pre-modify the noun

Note: ..... + article (a/an/ the) + noun

Previous Years' Questions:

i. However, watching TV has become an addiction for many. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]
ii. He was a secular poet. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB: 2017]

Rule-07: Use possessive to pre-modify the noun

Note: ..... + my/ our/ his/ her/ their/ its etc.+ noun

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 Previous Years' Questions:
i. There are many villages in our country. [DB: 2019]
ii. But they do not think about our health. [RB: 2019]
iii. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of his poetic flair. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018;
SB: 2017]

Rule-08: Use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun

Note: …. + this/ that/ these/ those + noun

Previous Years' Questions:

i. People should be refrained from drinking water of those/ these tube wells. [DB:
2019]
ii. On our way to the island, we watched those sea gulls. [CumB: 2016]
iii. To erase that history is not easy because history continues to follow all of us. [CB:
2017]

Rule-09: Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun

Note: ..... + some/ many/ much/all/ a lot of/ few/ several etc. + noun

Previous Years' Questions:

i. There are many/numerous/some/several/ a lot of villages in our country. [DB:
2019]
ii. In fact, all living beings need to take food. [RB: 2019]
iii. A wide range of programs of varied interest is telecast on many channels. [DB,
DinB, JB, SB: 2018]

Modifier with Verb

Rule-01: Post-modify the verb/ Use an adverbial phrase

Note:
i. ..... + verb + .....-+ adverb +.....
ii. ..... + verb + অকনকগুকলা শকব্দে সমন্বক adverb

Previous Years' Questions:

i. He wrote almost in every branch of Bengali literature. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB:
2017]
ii. He enriched the Bengali literature greatly. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB: 2017]
iii. He sang the song of equality throughout his life. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB:
2017]

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Rule-02: Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb/Pre-modify the verb
Note: …. + adverb + main verb + .....

Previous Years' Questions:

i. This problem is widely/ usually/ nowadays/ generally found in North Bengal. [DB:
2019]
ii. People mainly/ largely depend on agriculture. [DinB: 2019]
iii. They can hardly/ nearly/ merely put their signature in Bengal. [BB: 2019]

Rule-03: Post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase

Note: …. + verb +.....+ to + মূল Verb + extension

Previous Years' Questions:

i. He composed his songs to inspire the people/ nation. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018;
SB: 2017]
ii. We should take proper measures to purify the drinking water. [DB: 2019]
iii. We take food to satisfy our hunger. [RB: 2019]

Rule-04: Use a participle to post-modify the verb / Use a present participle

phrase
Note: ..... + verb +.....+ ing েুক্ত verb + extension

Previous Years' Questions:

i. He wrote letters to Kolkata admiring English society. [DB: 2016]
ii. Government is trying to mark the tube wells having arsenic painting with red
colour. [DB: 2019]
iii. Eating/ Taking adulterated food, people get sick. [RB: 2019]

Modifier with Adjective

Rule-01: Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective/ Pre-modify the adjective

Note: …. + adverb + adjective + ….

Previous Years' Questions:

i. His songs are melodious. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018; SB: 2017]
ii. It is very dangerous for human health. [DB: 2019]
iii. Television programs are very/ greatly entertaining. [DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]

Rule-02: Post-modify the adjective with an infinitive

Note: …. + adjective + to + মূল Verb + ….

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Previous Years' Questions:
i. Now, we are able to raise/ to explore/ to extract natural gas from underground.
[DinB: 2019]
ii. It is essential for us to lead/ to maintain a healthy life. [CumB: 2017]

To avoid Risk:

Rule-01: Use a prepositional phrase

Note: …. + noun + preposition + extension + …

Previous Year’s Question:

The books cater to the need and interests of the students and teachers. [SB: 2019]

Rule-02: Post-modify the adjective

Note: …. + adjective + enough

Previous Year’s Question:

Soon it was high enough for the crow to drink. [RB: 2016]

Practice
1. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Cricket is an (a) ________ (pre-modify the noun) game. It is not a game of (b) ________
(use possessive to pre- modify the noun) country. A (c) ________ (use a noun adjective
to pre-modify the noun) match is played between two teams. (d) ________ (use a
distributive pronoun to per-modify the noun) team consists of eleven players. A
cricket field must be (e) ________ (post modify the noun). It requires two wooden bats,
a ball & two sets of stamps. (f) ________ (use a numeral adjective to pre-modify the
noun) umpires conduct the game. Sometimes, a third umpire is required (g) ________
(use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) an acute confusion. (h) ________ (use a
participle to pre-modify the noun) the opportunity, the batter hits the ball away at a
good distance and runs to the opposite wicket. If (i) ________ (use an indefinite pronoun
to pre-modify the noun) batter in out, next batter comes in his place. Both teams try
(j) ________ (use an adverbial phrase to post modify) to out all batters of the opposite.
[Dhaka Board-2023]

Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a international b our

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 SL Answer SL Answer

c cricket d Each

e well-maintained f two

g to resolve h Having

i a j hard enough

2. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Arsenic is a (a) ________ (pre-modify the noun) substance. It is (b) ________ (use an
intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dangerous for human health. (c) ________ (use a
demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) substance is found in the water of the tube
well. There are (d) ________ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) villages in (e)
________ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. Most of our (f) ________ (use a
noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) people drink tube well water. As a result,
many of them are suffering from arsenic problem. This problem is (g) ________ (pre-
modify the verb) found in North Bengal. We should take proper measures (h) ________
(post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). Government is trying to mark the
tube wells having arsenic (i) ________ (use a participle to post-modify the verb) red
colour. People should be refrained from drinking water of (j) ________ (use
demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) tube wells. Otherwise, they will suffer from
arsenicosis. [Dhaka Board-2019]

Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a harmful/ poisonous b very

c This d many/ some

e our f village

g widely/ usually/ nowadays/ h to purify the drinking water/ to

generally get rid of this problem/ to be
safe/ to remain safe

i painting with j those/ these

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3. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
We know that (a) ________ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) species are
important for maintaining (b) ________ (pre-modify the noun) balance. If one is lost, the
whole natural environment changes (c) ________ (post-modify the verb). In order to
protect the environment from being spoilt, we should protect (d) ________ (use
possessive to pre-modify the noun) wild life. (e) ________ (use determiner to pre-
modify the noun phrase) good news is that many countries are taking action (f)
________ (use infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). George Lay cock, (g) ________
(use appositive to post modify the noun) writes, "Mankind must develop a concern for
wild creatures and determine that (h) ________ (use demonstrative to pre-modify the
noun) wild species will not perish (i) ________ (use prepositional phrase as post
modifier). We have to save wild animals (j) ________ (use relative clause as post-
modifier). [Chittagong Board: 2023]

Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a several b ecological

c dramatically d their

e The f to preserve the biodiversity

g a renowned environment h the

i from the earth j that are in danger of extinction

4. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
People around were just watching as the (a) ________ (pre-modify the noun) boy
started (b) ________ (post- modify the verb) into the (c) ________ (pre-modify the noun)
canal. Then the traffic constable came. (d) ________ (pre-modify the noun with a present
participle) no time, he jumped into the canal. The (e) ________ (pre-modify the noun
with an adjective) constable did not think of his (f) ________ (pre-modify the noun) life.
He was (g) ________ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) kind that he risked
his life. People (h) ________ (post-modify the noun) by the canal praised him (i) ________
(post-modify the verb with an adverb). This type of person is a model (j) ________ (post-
modify the noun). [Rajshahi Board-2023]

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 Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a young b drowning

c deep d Wasting

e police f own

g so h standing/ sitting

i enormously/ greatly/ cheerfully/ j for the society/ of dedication and

a lot sacrifice

5. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Amerigo, (a) ________ (use noun in apposition) lives alone. His parents now live
separate and none of them wants (b) ________ (use infinitive to post modify to verb) his
responsibility. (c) ________ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) mother told him to
go away because she is married to another man. (d) ________ (use determiner to pre-
modify the noun) streets are now his home. He wanted (e) ________ (use adjective to
pre-modify the noun) money from his father to buy a (f) ________ (use noun adjective to
pre-modify the noun) ticket. But his father did not answer. He earns his living by
working hard. (g) ________ (use adverbial to pre-modify the verb) he finds work. Some
of (h) ________ (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) works are very risky for
him. Once he sold ice-cream (i) ________ (use prepositional phrase to post modify the
verb). But he got (j) ________ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) money in return
from the owner of the ice-cream shop. [Cumilla Board-2023]

Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a a street child b to take

c His d The

e some f bus

g Sometimes h the

i in the street j no

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6. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Language plays a (a) ________ (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) important
role in our life. We use language form the time we wake up (b) ________ (post-modify
the verb) till we go to bed at night. We use language not only in our (c) ________ (pre-
modify the noun) hours, but also in our dreams. We use language (d) ________ (post-
modify he verb with an infinitive) what we feel and to say what we like or dislike. We
also use language (e) ________ (post modify the verb with an infinitive) information.
Language is (f) ________ (pre-modify the adjective) present in our life. It is an (g)
________ (pre-modify the noun) part of our life. As an (h) ________ (pre-modify the noun)
nation we also have a language. But we had to struggle (i) ________ (use adverb to post-
modify the verb) to establish the right to our language. Many (j) ________ (modify the
noun with an adjective) sons of our country sacrificed their lives for our mother-
tongue. [Jessore Board-2023]

Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a very b in the morning

c conscious/ active d to express

e to share/ to gather f always

g integral/ inevitable h independent

i a lot/ hard/ enormomusly j brave/ courage

7. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bangla literature. He was a (a) ________ (pre-
modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b) ________ (post modify the verb) in almost all
branches of Bangla literature. Nazrul, (c) ________ (post modify the noun with
appositive), won the attention of everybody in his early childhood. He wrote
ceaselessly until the death of (d) ________ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun)
poetic flair. He composed (e) ________ (pre-modify the noun) songs (f) ________ (post
modify the noun with an adjective clause). His literary works have enriched (g) ________
(pre-modify the noun with noun adjective) literature. His poems and songs played a
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great role (h) ________ (post modify the verb with an infinitive phrase) in our war of
liberation. He (i) ________ (pre-modify the verb) sang the song of quality in his poetry.
He is (j) ________ (pre-modify the noun with determiner) pride, no doubt. [Barishal
Board-2023]

Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a revolutionary/ rebel b relentlessly/ tirelessly

c an orphan child/ the national d his

poet of Bangladesh

e many f which are loved

g Bengali/ Bangla h to encourage

i always j our

8. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Drug addiction among the young generation has become a (a) ________ (pre modify the
noun) concern. Drug is mainly used as medicine (b) ________ (use an infinitive to post
modify the verb) diseases and an excess of taking drug for no disease is called drug
addiction. It has grasped the young generation (c) ________ (post modify the verb).
They take drugs to forget (d) ________ (use possessive to pre modify the noun) sadness.
(e) ________ (pre modify the noun) people take drugs (f) ________ (use adverb to post
modify). Drug addiction causes (g) ________ (pre modify the noun) harm to human
body. (h) ________ (use a participle) them aware, we can remove this curse from our
society. All concerned should take initiatives (i) ________ (use an infinitive to post
modify the verb) it. The criminals should be punished with an (j) ________ (use a noun
adjective) hand. [Sylhet Board-2023]

Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a major b to cure

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 SL Answer SL Answer

c heavily d their

e Young f widely/ recklessly

g severe h Making

i to prevent j iron

9. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
An (a) _________ (pre-modify the noun) student is he, who has (b) _________ (use a
quantifier to pre-modify the noun) good qualities. He studies (c) _________ (post modify
the verb). He knows that the (d) _________ (pre- modify the noun) duty of a student is to
study. So, he never neglects (e) _________ (use a possessive) duty. He even makes the
proper use of (f) _________ (use a determiner to pre-modify the noun) moment. Sabuj,
(g) _________ (post modify the noun with an appositive) of our class is an example of a
good student. Sabuj is (h) _________ (pre-modify the adjective) helpful to us. I try (i)
_________ (modify the verb with an infinitive) a boy like Sabuj. I want to be one of the (j)
_________ (pre-modify the noun) stars in the class. [Dinajpur Board-2023]

Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a ideal b many

c regularly d main

e his f every

g a student h very

i to be j brightest

10. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
The purpose of education is to bring about (a) _________ (use an adjective to pre-modify
the noun) changes in (b) _________ (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun)
behaviour. It also brings changes in our lives and society (c) _________ (use a relative
clause to post-modify the noun). If it fails to do so, it can't be called education.
Education is not only receiving certificates and getting grades. It is (d) _________ (use an
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intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) more than that, we can apply our (e) _________
(use a part participle to pre-modify the noun) knowledge in our engagement with the
world that lies (f) _________ (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). We can do that in
(g) _________ (use an adjective to pre- modify the noun) ways. One way is civic
engagement which is (h) _________ (use an adverb to pre- modify the verb
'appreciated') appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to
make difference in civic life (i) _________ (use a prepositional phrase to post-modify the
noun 'life'). A person (j) _________ (use a past participle to post modify the noun)
civically is concerned about civic issues like injustice, discrimination and other forms of
social ills. [Mymensingh Board-2023]

Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a positive/ effective b our

c in which we live/ where we live d much/ far

e acquired f around

g many/ different h greatly

i of a person j behaved

10. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the shelly of Bengali literature. He was a (a) _________ (pre-
modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b) _________ (post-modify the verb) in every branch
of Bengali literature. Nazrul, (c) _________ (use an appositive), won the attention of
everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d) _________
(use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e) _________ (use an
infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). His songs are (f) _________ (use an intensifier
to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali literature (g) _________
(use an adverb to post-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched (h) _________
(use a noun adjective) literature. He was (i) _________ (use an article) secular poet. He
sang the song of equality (j) _________ (use an adverbial phrase).
[Rajshahi, Cumilla, Chattogram, Barishal Board-2018; Sylhet Board-2017]

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Answers

SL Answer SL Answer

a great/ famous b almost

c our national poet/ the rebel poet d his

e to inspire the people/ nation f very

g greatly h Bengali

i a j throughout his life

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