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Paper 5 Summary

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Omar Ahmed Seifelnasr Ahmed
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9 views4 pages

Paper 5 Summary

Uploaded by

Omar Ahmed Seifelnasr Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Innovating Energy Management: A Dynamic Approach to

Smart Metering and Peak-Time Pricing in IoT-driven Grid


(2024)
Problem Definition: -
The paper discusses the limitations of traditional energy meters, which are
inefficient because they don't offer real-time monitoring or data storage. These
meters require manual inspections for billing and can't adjust charges based on
dynamic pricing or demand. This makes it difficult to optimize energy use and
manage peak load demands. As electricity consumption rises, especially during
peak hours, the stress on electrical grids increases, leading to overloads, power
outages, and higher costs for energy providers. Traditional meters aren't able to
handle these surges or motivate consumers to adjust their energy usage.

Case study: (Egypt)


Egypt experiences frequent electricity shortages, especially during summer peak
hours when energy demand is high. The government has responded by
implementing scheduled power cuts in various regions, leading to disruptions in
daily life. The energy grid faces significant stress during peak hours, particularly in
residential and industrial sectors, which account for 68% of total electricity
consumption. The heavy demand during peak times worsens the electricity crisis,
leading to operational inefficiencies and higher costs for energy providers. The
study suggests implementing IoT-based smart energy meters to monitor real-time
energy consumption and introduce dynamic, flexible pricing. This system would
notify consumers in advance about the price changes during peak hours,
encouraging them to shift their usage to off-peak times or reduce non-essential
energy consumption during high-demand periods. In the industrial sector, factory
owners would benefit from adjusting their operations to consume electricity
during lower-priced, off-peak hours, which would lower operational costs and
reduce the load on the grid.
Functional Overview: -
The proposed prototype aims to apply some key functions:
1) Real-Time Monitoring of Energy Consumption: The smart meter allows users
to monitor their real-time energy consumption through a mobile application or
display interface.
2) Dynamic Pricing and Peak-Time Alerts: The prototype includes a dynamic
pricing model, where energy prices vary based on the time of day. Consumers
receive notifications about upcoming peak times when electricity costs will
rise, allowing them to adjust their consumption accordingly.
3) Remote Control and Management: Consumers can remotely control the
power supply to specific devices or their entire home through the mobile
application. For example, users can turn off high-energy-consuming appliances
during peak hours to avoid higher electricity costs.

Key Components: -
1) ESP32 Microcontroller: The ESP32 is a low-cost, low-power microcontroller
unit that integrates Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionalities. It acts as the central
processing unit of the smart meter, handling communication between sensors,
the mobile app, and the cloud server.
2) Sensors:
• Current Sensor (SCT-013): The SCT-013 is a non-invasive current sensor
used to measure AC current flowing through a wire without a direct
electrical connection. This sensor provides real-time current readings,
allowing the system to calculate the total power consumed.
• Voltage Sensor (ZMPT101B): The ZMPT101B is a voltage sensor that
scales down the main AC voltage to a level that can be safely measured
by the microcontroller.
3) LCD Display: A 3.5-inch LCD display is used to show real-time data directly on
the smart meter, such as voltage, current, power consumption (kWh), and total
cost of electricity usage.
4) Relay Module: The relay module is used to control the flow of electricity,
allowing users to remotely turn on or off specific appliances or the entire
system. This function is controlled via the mobile app.
Workflow: -
The system begins with sensors collecting real-time data on voltage and current,
which is then processed by the ESP32 microcontroller. The system calculates
energy consumption and associated costs, considering dynamic pricing during
peak hours. This information is displayed on the LCD screen and sent to the cloud
for remote monitoring via a mobile application. Users can track their energy
usage, receive alerts about upcoming peak pricing, and adjust their consumption
accordingly through the app.

System Architecture Diagram: -

Fig.1 Block diagram of IoT energy meter


Testing and Validation: -
The process started by calibrating individual sensors for voltage and current, and
testing against standard measurement tools to ensure precision. After integrating
the sensors into the full system, it was tested with different electrical loads to
evaluate performance under varying conditions, ensuring accurate data display.
The mobile app and internet connectivity were also tested for real-time data
accuracy, remote control functionality, and timely delivery of peak-hour alerts.
Overall, the system met all specifications, performed reliably, and passed security
checks, confirming that it is ready for further development and potential field
testing.

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