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Fibonacci

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30 views3 pages

Fibonacci

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Piron Live
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Fibonacci numbers

The Fibonacci sequence is named after Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa,


known as Fibonacci:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number

The Fibonacci numbers fn = f(n) are the numbers characterized by the fact that
every number after the first two is the sum of the two preceding ones. They are defined
with the next recurrent relation:
0, if n = 0

f (n) = 1, if n = 1
 f (n − 1) + f (n − 2)

So f0 = 0, f1 = 1, fn = fn-1 + fn-2.
The Fibonacci sequence has the form
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, …

Example. Fill integer array fib with Fibonacci numbers (fib[i] = fi):
#include <stdio.h>

int i, n, fib[47];

int main(void)
{
scanf("%d",&n);

fib[0] = 0; fib[1] = 1;
for(i = 2; i <= n; i++)
fib[i] = fib[i-1] + fib[i-2];

printf("%d\n",fib[n]);
return 0;
}

i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...

fib[i] 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 ...

The biggest Fibonacci number that fits into int type is


f46 = 1836311903
The biggest Fibonacci number that fits into long long type is
f92 = 7540113804746346429
If you want to find Fibonacci number fn for n > 92, use BigInteger type.
Example. Find f(n) – the n-th Fibonacci number with recursion:
#include <stdio.h>

int n;

int fib(int n)
{
if (n == 0) return 0;
if (n == 1) return 1;
return fib(n-1) + fib(n - 2);
}

int main(void)
{
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",fib(n));
return 0;
}

f(5)
f(4) + f(3)

f(3) + f(2) f(2) + f(1)

f(2) + f(1) f(1) + f(0) f(1) + f(0)

f(1) + f(0)

Example. Find f(n) – the n-th Fibonacci number with recursion + memoization:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int n, fib[46];

int f(int n)
{
// base case
if (n == 0) return 0;
if (n == 1) return 1;

// if the value fib[n] is ALREADY found, just return it


if (fib[n] != -1) return fib[n];

// if the value fib[n] is not found, calculate and memoize it


return fib[n] = f(n-1) + f(n - 2);
}
int main(void)
{
scanf("%d",&n);

// fib[i] = -1 means that this value is not calculated yet


memset(fib,-1,sizeof(fib));

printf("%d\n",f(n));
return 0;
}

f(5)
f(4) + f(3)
mem
f(3) + f(2)
mem
f(2) + f(1)

f(1) + f(0)

E-OLYMP 4730. Fibonacci Fibonacci numbers is a sequence of numbers F(n),


given by the formula:
F(0) = 1, F(1) = 1, F(n) = F(n – 1) + F(n – 2)
Given value of n (n ≤ 45). Find the n-th Fibonacci number.
► Implement a recursive function with memoization.

E-OLYMP 8295. Fibonacci string generation Generate the n-th Fibonacci string
that is defined with the next recurrent formula:
• f(0) = "a";
• f(1) = "b";
• f(n) = f(n – 1) + f(n – 2), where "+" operation means concatenation
For example, f(3) = f(2) + f(1) = (f(1) + f(0)) + f(1) = "b" + "a" + "b" = "bab".
► Implement a recursive function that generates the n-th Fibonacci string.

string f(int n)
{
if (n == 0) return "a";
if (n == 1) return "b";
return f(n-1) + f(n-2);
}

Read input value of n and print the n-th Fibonacci string.


cin >> n;
cout << f(n) << endl;

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