Grammar and Vocabulary Structures A C1 Student Should Know

Grammar and vocabulary structures a C1 student should know:
1. Language of… Agreeing / Disagreeing (Not for Linguaskill) For an explanation see Pdf in Speaking
Asking for opinions (Not for Linguaskill) Language for Agreeing/disagreeing”
Giving opinions
2. Conditionals Zero; First; Second; Third; Mixed For an explanation see Pdf in Grammar
Using Unless
3. Modals Present Modals– Could/should/would etc P See Past modals.jpg in Grammar
Past Modals: Could have / should have / would have Past modals
Past Modals (Video)

4. Question Tags e.g. That’s easy, isn’t it? “He does, does he!” Video
5. Indirect Questions e.g. Direct: Where is he from? For an explanation of rules see Pdf in Grammar
Indirect: “I’d love to know where he is from”
Indirect questions (Video)
6. Reported speech e.g. Direct Speech I’ll do it tomorrow, he said Video
Reported speech...He told me that he would do it the

day after.
7. Participle clauses e.g. Looking into the mirror, he saw an angry man. For an explanation see Pdf in Grammar
Having banished his demons, he was now ready to face
the world Participle clauses
8. Passive voice Especially infinitives e.g. “This is to be expected” “Such Passive Voice
changes have to be made”
9. Causatives Have/Get (Something done by someone or For examples see Pdfs in Grammar
Someone doing something) Causatives

(Get/Have)
We will have your money refunded. (Let/Make)
We will have the shop refund your money.
We will get the shop to refund your money.
Let/Make
We will let all under-18s in free.
The government should make companies pay more

tax.
10. Intensifying adverbs e.g. utterly; bitterly; deeply For examples see Pdf in Writing
This book was utterly offensive. Common collocations of intensifying adverbs
Cirque de Soleil was an utterly amazing spectacle. The

author was bitterly critical of the government’s
actions.
We live in a deeply divided society.

11. Negative Inversions Under no circumstances; “Not only…but” / Little did For examples see inversion.pdf in Grammar
they know etc.
Negative inversions
Under no circumstances should we tolerate

discrimination.
Not only is it important to consider the cost of a
project, but we must also bear in mind its
environmental impact.
12. Cleft sentences To emphasise particular information (usually when Explanation) (It cleft)
Writing)
Explanation) (Wh’ Cleft)
Normal: The government should provide housing for
all Cleft exercises
It cleft: It is the government that/who should provide
housing for all
What matters is that children are protected.
All you have to do is practice.
13. Wishes and Hypotheses I wish I could get everyone to go to the dentist every 6 Explanation – Wishes and hypotheses
months
I wish the government in Spain would ban bullfighting.
If only people took care of their dental hygiene.

14. Idioms Sports Docs in Writing on Sports and Body Idioms
e.g. Movistar and Vodafone are heavyweights in the

communications industry.
General idioms “The exam was a piece of cake, [It was

easy]” ;
Cutting the consumption of sugar while at the same

time doing exercise is killing two birds with the one
stone
[Achieving two goals at once]
15. Phrasal Verbs Transitive: i.e. has an object e.g. Turn the TV offI For an explanation see Pdf in Speaking
Intransitive: i.e. doesn’t need an object Cooking

This will never catch on Education
Medicine
Separable
Comprehensive List
.i.e. we can split the verb from the preposition(s) We
carried out a survey OR we carried a survey out
Inseparable: .i.e. we can’t split the verb from the

preposition(s)
Think about it! [We can’t say “Think it about”]
16. Connectors e.g However/In addition/That said See Connectors in English.pdf in Writing
NB: Focus on a few connectors. Learn how to use them
correctly and in context!)
17. Writing devices This is specifically for Writing, these are some literary NB: You only need to know one or two, you do not need to
techniques that C1 examiners love seeing, such as know many or all of them!”
Substitution and Ellipsis
Substitution
Ellipsis
...but If you wish to see a long list of literary mechanisms visit…
General list

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Grammar and vocabulary structures a C1 student should know:

Asking for opinions (Not for Linguaskill) Language for Agreeing/disagreeing”

Past Modals (Video)

Reported speech...He told me that he would do it the

Someone doing something) Causatives

We will have your money refunded. (Let/Make)

We will have the shop refund your money.

We will get the shop to refund your money.

We will let all under-18s in free.

The government should make companies pay more

This book was utterly offensive. Common collocations of intensifying adverbs

Cirque de Soleil was an utterly amazing spectacle. The

We live in a deeply divided society.

Under no circumstances should we tolerate

What matters is that children are protected.

All you have to do is practice.

I wish the government in Spain would ban bullfighting.

If only people took care of their dental hygiene.

e.g. Movistar and Vodafone are heavyweights in the

General idioms “The exam was a piece of cake, [It was

Cutting the consumption of sugar while at the same

Intransitive: i.e. doesn’t need an object Cooking

Inseparable: .i.e. we can’t split the verb from the

...but If you wish to see a long list of literary mechanisms visit…

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