Resolução do Exame de Fundamentos de Máquina Eléctricas

2014-09-09

I-a)
ensaio em vazio (BT)

2
𝑉2𝑛 2402
𝑅𝑝(𝐵𝑇) = = = 384Ω
𝑃0 150
𝑃0 150
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑0 = = 240 × 5,41 = 0,12; 𝜑 = 83,37º
𝑉2𝑛 𝐼0(𝐵𝑇)

𝑉2𝑛 240
𝑋𝑚(𝐵𝑇) = = = 44,66Ω
𝐼0(𝐵𝑇) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑0 5,41 × 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (83,37)

ensaio em curto-circuito (BT)

𝑃𝑐𝑐 850
𝑅𝑒𝑞(𝐵𝑇) = 2 = 1252 = 0,0544Ω
𝐼2𝑛
𝑉𝑐𝑐 11
𝑍𝑒𝑞(𝐵𝑇) = = = 0,088Ω
𝐼2𝑛 125

𝑋𝑒𝑞(𝐵𝑇) = √𝑍𝑒𝑞(𝐵𝑇) 2 − 𝑅𝑒𝑞(𝐵𝑇) 2 = √0,0882 − 0,05442 = 0,0692Ω

b)
𝑃𝑓𝑒(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠) = 𝑃0 = 150𝑊

c)
𝑃𝑐𝑢(𝑐.𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠) = 𝑃𝑐𝑐 = 850𝑊

𝜂(𝑐.𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠) ⇒ 𝑃𝑐𝑐 = 850 𝑊

𝑃𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑠 = 𝑃0 + 𝑃𝑐𝑐 = 150 + 850 = 1000𝑊

d)
𝑃𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 × 𝑆𝑛 = 0,85 × 30000 = 25500𝑊
 𝑃𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙 25500
𝜂= = = 96,2%
𝑃𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙 + 𝑝𝑐𝑢 + 𝑝𝑓𝑒 25500 + 850 + 150

II a) Ramo (“série”)

985
𝑃0(𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑒) 328,33
𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 2
= 32 = = 0,53Ω
𝐼 25 625
110
𝑉𝑐𝑐 63,51
𝑍𝑒𝑞 = = √3 = = 2,54Ω
𝐼𝑛 25 625

2 − 𝑅 2 = √2,542 − 0,532 = 2,49Ω

𝑋𝑒𝑞 = √𝑍𝑒𝑞 𝑒𝑞

𝐼𝑟 𝑉𝑒 230,94
= = = 90,91𝐴
𝑚 𝑍𝑒𝑞 2,54
𝐼̅𝑟 𝐼𝑟 𝑋𝑒𝑞 2,49
= ∠ − 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 90,91∠ − 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 90,91∠ − 78,07𝐴
𝑚 𝑚 𝑅𝑒𝑞 0,53
Ramo (“paralelo”)
𝑃0 500
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑0 = = = 0,13
√3 × 𝑉𝑛 × 𝐼𝑜 √3 × 400 × 5,5
𝜑0 = 82,46º
𝐼̅𝑟
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑟 = + 𝐼̅0 = 90,91∠ − 78,07𝐴 + 5,5∠ − 82,46 = 96,39∠ − 78,32𝐴
𝑚
b)

𝑅𝑟′ 𝑅𝑒𝑞 − 𝑅𝑒 0,53 − 0,33

𝑆𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = = 7,79%
√𝑅𝑒2 + (𝑋𝑒 + 𝑋𝑟′ )2 √0,332 + 2,492 √0,332 + 2,492

2𝜋𝑓 2𝜋50
𝑁𝑒 = = = 104,72𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 = 1000𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑃𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑠 3

𝑁𝑟 = 𝑁𝑒 (1 − 𝑠) = 1000(1 − 0,0779) = 922,09𝑟𝑝𝑚

c)
1 1
𝑅𝐿 = 𝑅𝑟′ ( − 1) = (0,53 − 0,33) ( − 1) = 2,25Ω
𝑠 0,08

III
a)

i [A] 0,00 0,25 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 1,75 1,86 2,00
E [V] 25,00 80,00 131,00 182,00 233,00 284,0 310 320,2 321,13 322,31

E0 [V]
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
0,0
0,000,250,500,751,001,251,501,752,002,25

a)
𝑃𝑛 4000
𝐼𝑛 == = 13,33𝐴
𝑈𝑛 300
𝐸 = 𝑈𝑛 + 𝑟𝑖 × 𝐼𝑛 + ∆𝐸 = 300 + 1,22 × 13,33 + 30% × 13,33 = 320,27𝑉
𝑈𝑑 300
𝐼𝑑 = = = 1,88𝐴
𝑟𝑑 160
1,88 − 1,75
𝐸0(1,8;1500) = 320,20 + (322,31 − 320,20) × = 321,26 𝑉
2 − 1,75

𝐸0(1,8;1500) 1500
=
𝐸0(1,8;𝑁) 𝑁
321,26 1500
=
320,27 𝑁
320,27
𝑁(320) = 1500 = 1495,39 𝑟𝑝𝑚
321,26

b)
2
𝑈𝑒𝑥 3002
𝑃𝑒𝑥 = 𝑈𝑒𝑥 × 𝐼𝑑 = = = 562,5𝑊
𝑟𝑑 160

𝑃𝑖 = 𝑟𝑖 × 𝐼𝑛2 = 1,2 × 13,332 = 213,33𝑊

𝑃∆𝐸 = 𝑈∆𝐸 × 𝐼𝑛 = (30% × 13,33) × 13,33 = 53,33𝑊

𝑃𝑢 = 𝑈 × 𝐼𝑛 = 300 × 13,33 = 4000𝑊

𝑃𝑢 4000
𝜂= = = 83%
𝑃𝑢 + 𝑃𝑒𝑥 + 𝑃𝑖 + 𝑃∆𝐸 4000 + 562,5 + 213,33 + 53,33