Environmental Product Declaration

Large Distribution Transformer 10 MVA (ONAN)

CERTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
S-P-00055
http://www.environdec.com

ABB
ABB T&D S.p.A.
Unità operativa Trasformatori di Distribuzione
Monselice (Padova) - ITALY

09/09/03 Emiss. 0 Rev. 4

Presentation

Manufacturer
ABB T&D S.p.A. Unità operativa Trasformatori di Distribuzione
35043 Monselice (Padova), Italy
Phone: +39-0429-787300
Fax: +39-0429-75078
Contact person EPD: Diego Ferrarese, Monica Alaggio.

ABB T&D S.p.A. Unità operativa Trasformatori di Distribuzione belongs to BA PTDT (Business Area
Power Technologies Distribution Transformers).
BA PTDT is first in distribution transformer worldwide.
We have 33 factories located around the word in 25 countries.
We produce 400000 units per year and there are 5500 employees.
The BAU (Business Area Unit) of Monselice is the focused factory for Large Distribution liquid-filled
Transformers (LDT).

Environmental management
The implementing process of Environmental System according to international standard UNI EN ISO
14001:96 started two years ago.
ABB T&D S.p.A. Unità operativa Trasformatori di Distribuzione received the certificate in October
2002.

Product description
For the design and manufacture of LDT it is used the common ABB concepts contained in Common
Technology design system.
A Large Distribution Transformer (5 ÷ 25 MVA and ≤ 72,5 kV) is built of standardized, service-proven
components and modules, ensuring flexible, reliable and tailor-made transformer designs.
ABB has developed a completely new concept based on the best knowledge and experience of our
facilities worldwide.
LDT design is based on the core type technology. It has a circular shaped core limb surrounded by
concentrically arranged, cylinder-shaped windings.
This transformer concept gives the most efficient use of the active material, while allowing short,
competitive assembly times in the factory. Our core type technology with cylindrical windings has an
excellent capability to withstand short- circuits even under the most demanding fault conditions.
The high voltage windings are normally built as ordinary interleaved or shielded disc windings, while
the low voltage windings typically are of foil or layer design.
The tapped portion of the winding is normally arranged as a separate physical winding shell.
This design allows a balanced ampere-turn distribution, avoiding excessive short-circuit forces and
additional losses.

EPD Transformer characteristics

The characteristics of transformer chosen for EPD are:
Power 9600 (kVA)
Voltage 20 ± 8 x 1,25 / 6,3 (kV)
Frequency 50 (Hz)
Vector group YNd11
Type of cooling ONAN

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Scope of declaration

Data and calculations are according to PSR 2000:6 (Product Specific Requirements for “Liquid- or
gas-filled and dry type transformers within the range of < 1000 MVA” version 1.1 dated 2001-02-21)
and MSR 1999:2 (Environmental Product Declaration, EPD – an application of ISO TR14025,
published 2000-03-27 by the Swedish Environmental Management Council). (www.environdec.com).
This EPD is also valid for similar transformers, provided that the range of variations within each
impact category does not exceed ± 5%.

Functional unit
The functional unit, as specified in the PSR 2000:6, is defined as 1kVA of the system apparent power.

System boundaries
The Life Cycle Assessment covers all environmental aspects for extraction and production of raw
materials, manufacturing of main parts, assembly of the transformer, transportation and use of the
product and dismantling after end of life.
It includes consumption of material and energy resources as well as emissions and waste generation.
Calculations are based upon an estimated lifetime of 30 years and average load assumed as 50%.
Italian energy mix has been used for calculating energy consumption during manufacturing and
European mix for calculating energy losses during use (ANPA LCA version 2 database).

Manufacturing phase Use phase

Total weight of excluded materials doesn’t Energy losses have been calculated according
exceed 1% of total transformer weight. to PSR 2000:6 and are equal to 9,143,798
kWh.
No energy consumed by auxiliary equipment
Materials [kg/trafo] [kg/kVA] % has been taken into account.
Aluminum 65 0.0070 0.2
Construction steel 9066 0.94 33.0
Copper 3526 0.37 12.8 End of life
Electrical steel 6820 0.71 24.8 End of life phase has been limited to a list of
Insulation materials 337 0.035 1.2 generated wastes.
Paint 0.00 0.020 0.7
The transformer consists of large metals parts
(copper, steel) relatively easy to dismantle and
Porcelain 53 0.0055 0.2
recycle. Remaining components (except for
Silver 0.06 0.000006 0.0
transformer oil) should be landfill. More
Transformer oil 6780 0.71 24.7
information on waste disposal is reported in the
Wood 366 0.040 1.4
“Usage and Maintenance Handbook” of
Other 85.5 0.0090 0.3
transformer.
Total 27279 2.84 99.4
Weighted 27432 2.86 100.0 Waste [kg/trafo][kg/kVA]
Cut-off 0.6 Total waste (incl. Hazardous) 27432 2.86
Hazardous waste 6780 0.71
Recycled waste 19415 2.02
Packaging of product is not included in the
Landfill waste 1237 0.13
system.

Allocation unit
The factor for allocation of common environmental aspects during manufacturing is calculated as the
ratio of apparent power (functional unit) to the sum of apparent power (MVA) of all products produced
annually in the relevant part of the production unit.

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 Environmental performance

Resource use
Main resources associated to the various Use of renewable resources
phases of the life cycle are as below: Resource Unit Manufacturing Use phase
Hydro energy MJ/kVA 2.88 675
Water kg/kVA 7.95 21780
Use of non renewable resources Wood kg/kVA 0.20 0.91
Resource Manufacturing Use phase
Name Category [kg/kVA] [kg/kVA]
Aluminum Material res. 0.0031 0
Energy net consumption and losses
The net energy consumption and losses in the
Barytes Material res. 0.0026 0.15
two phases are the following:
Bauxite Material res. 0.027 0.051
Chromium Material res. 0.0001 0.010
Energy Manufacturing Use phase
Clay Material res. 0.0003 0.22
[kWh/ [kWh/ [kWh/ [kWh/
Copper Material res. 0.23 0.010 Resource trafo] kVA] trafo] kVA]
Crude oil Energy res. 1.39 27.8 Electrical energy 105200 11.0 9144000 952
Gravel Material res. 0.004 6.32 Heat energy 19100 1.99 0 0
Hard coal Energy res. 1.87 120.0
Iron Material res. 1.37 1.27
Lead Material res. 0.0010 0 Wastes
Lignite Energy res. 0.041 154.0 Wastes produced in the different phases of the
Limestone Material res. 0.053 2.84 life cycle are according to the table below:
Manganese Material res. 0.0035 0
Natural gas Energy res. 0.46 17.4 Manufacturing Use phase
Waste
[kg/kVA] [kg/kVA]
Nickel Material res. 0.00005 0.0068
Hazardous waste 0.02 0.007
Sand Material res. 0.21 0.69
Regular waste
Silver Material res. 0.000006 0 66.3 65.1
(incl. waste water)
Uranium Energy res. 0.00003 0.010

Potential Environmental Impact

Potential environmental impacts tied to the various phases of the life cycle are the following:

Manufacturing
Equivalent unit per Manufacturing Use
Impact category +
kVA phase
Use phase
Global warming (GWP) kg CO2 (100 years) 6.71 503.0 510.0
+
Acidification (AP) mol H 5.25 111.0 116.0
Ozone depletion (ODP) kg CFC-11 (20 years) 0.000001 0.000001
Photochemical oxidant formation (POCP) kg C2H4 0.003 0.10 0.103
Eutrophication (NP) kg O2 0.20 5.46 5.66

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Additional qualifying factors

Sound power level declared. ABB will check consistency of this

The audible sound is originated mainly in the EPD with your product if required.
core because of the magnetostriction property
of electrical steel. Third part certification
This EPD has been reviewed and found to
Achievable if requested Typical
comply with the Product Specific Requirement,
dB(A) dB(A)
50 55
PSR 2000:6 for “Liquid- or gas-filled and dry
type transformers within the range of <1000
Surface coating MVA”, version 1.1-dated 2001-02-21, with the
The tank is coated with two components Swedish Environmental Council (requirements
solvent-based paint. The radiator paint is water for environmental product declarations dated
based. 27 March 2000).

Life cycle results Time of Validity

It is observed that the environmental impact This EPD, reviewed by Det Norsket Veritas
during the use phase is the most important according to MSR 1999:2 and PSR 2000:6, is
one. valid up to September 2006 because no
significant variations will aspect in this period.
Impact category Use phase in % of total
GWP 98.7 References
AP 95.5 - LCA report
POCP 96.3 - PSR for Transformers (PSR 2000:6)
NP 96.5 - Requirements for Environmental Product
ODP 0 Declarations, EPD (MSR 1999:2) – an
In manufacturing phase copper production for application of ISO TR 14025, published
windings is the most significant source of 2000-03-27 by the Swedish Environmental
pollution. Only on photochemical oxidant Management Council.
formation (POCP) and Ozone depletion The above-mentioned documents are available
potential (ODP) transformer oil has a major upon request.
contribution.
Being the transformer commissioned with Accredited Certification Body
specific requirements by the Client, Det Norsket Veritas Certification AB
P.O. Box 30234 Warfvinges väg 19, SE
considerable differences may arise from the
104 25 Stockholm Sweden
usage phase performance evaluation herein Tel.: + 46 8 587 940 00 fax: + 46 8 651 70 43
_
GLOSSARY
Life cycle assessment, LCA: It provides a framework, an approach and methods for identifying and evaluating environmental burdens associated with the
life cycles of materials and services, from cradle to grave. The LCA method consists of four steps: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact
assessment and interpretation.
Acidification, AP. Chemical alternation of the environment, resulting in hydrogen ions being produced more rapidly than they are dispersed or
neutralized. Occurs mainly through fall of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from combustion processes. Acidification affects crops, forests, water life and
buildings.
Eutrophication, NP. Nitrification causes oxygen in lakes and waters to be consumed by growth and decomposition of plants and algae and, finally, to the
death of organisms living close to the bottom of the sea.
Global warming potential, GWP. Estimated greenhouse effect in 100 years perspective. The greenhouse effect means that the average temperature in the
atmosphere to such an extent that the average temperature on earth increases over time, affecting growth of crops and living conditions. GWP is based on
the degree to which a mass unit of a specific substance can absorb infrared radiation relative to CO2. In this way all emissions can be converted into an
equivalent quantity of CO2 that would cause an equal greenhouse effect.
Ozone depletion potential, ODP. Risk for depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. Depletion of ozone layer allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach
earth and cause damage to humans and crops. ODP is defined as the ratio between ozone (O3) breakdown in the equilibrium state due to annual emissions
of substance and ozone breakdown due to an equal quantity of CFC-11.
Photochemical ozone creation, POCP. A photochemical oxidant formation result from reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic
compounds (VOC’s) on exposure to UV light and it is mainly associated with summer smog. Photochemical oxidants are toxic to humans and affect
growth of crops, trees and other green plants. Ethylene (C2H4) is used as a reference substance for POCP, i.e. POCP is measured in kg of C2H4 equivalent.

ABB T&D S.p.A. Unità operativa Trasformatori di Distribuzione

Via Piave, 8 - 35043 Monselice (Padova), ITALY
tel. +39-0429-787300 ; fax +39-0429-75078
www.abb.com

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