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GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-1

ORGANIC REACTIONS BASICS
 Bond Cleavage
 Attacking Reagents
 Reaction Intermediate

ELECTRONIC EFFECTS
 INDUCTIVE EFFECT
 RESONANCE
 MESOMERIC EFFECT
 HYPER-CONJUGATION

ORGANIC REACTIONS BASICS

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ORGANIC REACTIONS BASICS

ORGANIC REACTIONS BASICS

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ORGANIC REACTIONS BASICS

.. .. .. ..

ORGANIC REACTIONS BASICS

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ORGANIC REACTIONS BASICS

ORGANIC REACTIONS BASICS

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ORGANIC REACTIONS BASICS

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT

RESONANCE
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RESONANCE

RESONANCE
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RESONANCE

RESONANCE
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RESONANCE

RESONANCE
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RESONANCE

-
- -

- -

RESONANCE
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RESONANCE

RESONANCE
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RESONANCE

Benzaldehyde

RESONANCE

-
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RESONANCE

RESONANCE
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT

-
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

Aromatic Compound Anti-Aromatic Compound Non-Aromatic

Compound
 Cyclic Resonance  Cyclic Resonance Molecule which is neither
(Complete) (complete) aromatic nor anti
 Planar sp2 planar sp2 aromatic known as a non-
aromatic.
 Huckel Rule (4n + 2) pi  4n pi e–
e– where n = 1, 2, 3 ........
where n = 0, 1, 2......... Ex : 4pe–, 8pe–, 12pe–
Ex : 2pe , 6pe , 10pe
– – – ..............
...........

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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MESOMERIC EFFECT

MESOMERIC EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT
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TAUTOMERISM
Tautomers are two structural isomers (having
different functional groups) which exist in
dynamic equilibrium with each other.
The isomers change into each other by shifting
of H-atom from one position to another position
and simultaneously the position of 𝜋 bond also
changes.
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TAUTOMERISM

TAUTOMERISM
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TAUTOMERISM

TAUTOMERISM
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TAUTOMERISM

TAUTOMERISM

In case of monocarbonyl compounds, the compound

mainly exists in Keto form (99%). The enol form is
insignificant (less than 1%)

As stability of alkene increases (due to increase in

hyper-conjugation or resonance)
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TAUTOMERISM
% enol content (alkene content) increases.
The beta-dicarbonyl (or 1, 3-dicarbonyl) compounds
have significant enol contents due to resonance
stabilization of enol form

TAUTOMERISM
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TAUTOMERISM

TAUTOMERISM