General Physics II

ORIO, JAYCEE JADE MARRHE D. 12 STEM 3

Instructions: Provide concise answers and include illustrative examples for the
following questions:
1. What is magnetism?

Ans: Magnetism is the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel to
each other, magnetism is also caused by the motion of electric charges. And this
is produced due to the arrangement of every substance made up of tiny units of
atoms, which has electrons and particles that carry electric charges.

2. How are magnets classified based on their magnetic properties?

Ans: Magnets are classified into three; ferromagnetic, diamagnetic, and

paramagnetic.

3. What is the difference between ferromagnetism, paramagnetism,

and diamagnetism?

Ans: Ferromagnetic materials such as; nickel, iron, cobalt, etc. Its
materials simply pull themselves towards magnets and exhibit a strong
attraction towards magnets. Meanwhile, diamagnetic are those that
repel magnets. They don’t attract to magnets, rather they exhibit
opposite behavior. And its because diamagnetic materials have a weak
or strong repelling behavior, some may pull away from magnets, and
examples of materials are carbon and plastic. Whereas paramagnetic
exhibit a weak attraction towards magnet, they still pull themselves
towards the magnet. Example of paramagnetic material is an aluminum.
Aluminum objects will pull themselves towards magnets, but requires
special instrument due to their weak attraction to magnet. In
comparison with the ferromagnetic when it comes to attraction, both
attracts to the poles however their main differences Is that the
ferromagnetic materials pull themselves towards north and south pole,
while the paramagnetic materials pull themselves with only one of
these poles.

4. How do magnets attract or repel other magnets?

Ans: Every magnet has a north and south pole, and placing two unlike pole
together causes them to attract. For instance, if you place the north pole of one
magnet near a south pole of another magnet, they attract to one another.
Meanwhile, if you place two like poles (north to north poles or south to south
poles) of two magnets near each other they will repel each other. However, if you
cut a magnet in half, it’ll still remain its magnetic properties.

5. What is the Earth's magnetic field, and how is it generated?

 Ans: Studies of the earth’s magnetic field reveals that its core is made of hot,
dense molten iron, nickel and possibly metals that slowly circulate the solid inner
core, and huge electrics currents are flowing through the circulation molten metal
that produce the earth’s magnetic field. Thus, it is believed to be generated by
this mechanism.

6. How can you demagnetize a magnet?

Ans: There are ways to demagnetize a magnet such as heating magnet to a

very high temperature, dropping the magnet frequently or hammering the magnet
repeatedly. Or bringing the magnet in contact with the like poles of other
magnets repeatedly.

7. What is the Curie temperature, and how does it relate to magnetism?

Ans: Curie temperature is the temperature at which certain materials lose their
persistent magnetic characteristics. The Currie temperature has been titled to a
French scientist named Perrie Curie who demonstrated throughout the 1895 how
magnetism was lost at a crucial temperature. It is believed to be related to
magnetism because around Curie temperature, a ferromagnetic material
transforms into a paramagnetic substance. The temperature where such magnetic
materials lose their ferromagnetic characteristics. That is because magnetic
dipole is coordinated at lower temperature, however curie temperature produces
random thermal movements which results to produce dipole misalignment.

8. How are electromagnets different from permanent magnets?

Ans: Electromagnetics are distinguished from permanent magnets by their

ability to generate magnetic fields when electric current flows through them. In
contrast, permanent magnets are as the same as permanently magnetized.
Permanent magnets generate weaker magnetic force as compared to
electromagnets. The polarity of an electromagnet can be reversed, whereas
permanent magnets cannot reverse. To firmly understand the difference between
the two, permanent magnets are magnets used in refrigerators, speakers, and
magnetic compasses, these are some familiar things we see anywhere that are
permanent magnets. Whereas, electromagnets such as electric fan, induction
cooker, magnetic locks, or electric doorbell, simply in a larger scale, that in can
also be use in medical field such as MRI scan.

9. What factors affect the strength of an electromagnet?

Ans: Factors that affects the strength of an electromagnet; (1) the number of
loops, electromagnets are formation of solenoids; coil of wire is wrapped around
a metal core made of iron. The coil is made of wire loops, the more loops added,
the stronger the magnetic field. (2) the metal core, an electromagnetic can get
weaker or stronger, according to the metal inside the coil. If the metal inside the
coil is iron it increases the electromagnetic strength. While, if the metal inside the
coil is steel the weaker magnetic field are created. (3) Battery current, the change
in the amount of current flowing can change the magnetic field created around it.
Thr stronger the current, the more magnetic field around it, and vice versa. (4)
the wire size and type used can also affect the electromagnet. Using larger size
wire can increase magnetic field, while using smaller wire sized decreases the
current and affects the strength of electromagnet.

10.How does electricity create magnetic fields?

Ans: A magnetic field describes a volume of space where there is change in

energy. A magnetic field is produced whenever an electrical charge is in motion.
The spinning and orbiting of the nucleus of an atom produces a magnetic field as
does electrical current flowing through a wire. For instance, simply place a
magnetic compass next to a wire in a circuit. When a current passed through the
wire, the compass will deflect, indicating the presence of an magnetic field
circling the wire.

11.What is electromagnetic induction?

Ans: Electromagnetic induction phenomena such as a coil and magnet. When

a magnet is brough towards a coil, a relative motion is generated between the two
due to magnetic flux. This leads to an electromotive force which results in an
electric current in the coil.

12.How does a generator produce electricity?

Ans: Generators do not create electricity instead it uses the mechanical energy
supplied to it to force the movement of electric charges present in the wire of its
windings through an external electric circuit. This flow of electrons constitutes
the output electric current supplied by the generator. For example, in a turbine
generator, a moving fluid water, steam, combustion gases, or air—pushes a series
of blades mounted on a rotor shaft. The force of the fluid on the blades spins
(rotates) the rotor shaft of a generator. The generator, in turn, converts the
mechanical (kinetic) energy of the rotor to electrical energy.

13.What is the difference between alternating current (AC) and direct

current (DC)?
Ans: In direct current, the voltage is always constant, and the electricity
flows in a certain direction. In contrast, in alternating current, the voltage
periodically changes from positive to negative and from negative to positive,
and the direction of the current also periodically changes accordingly.
Example, Alternating Current is capable of powering electric Motors used on
washing machines, refrigerators, and so on. While, the Direct Current is
preferably used in cellphones—flat-screen TVs, and so on.

14.What is magnetic flux?

Ans: Magnetic flux is defined as the number of magnetic lines of force
passing through a surface normally, that is perpendicular to the surface. It is the
number of magnetic field lines passing through a surface (such as a loop of wire),
for instance suppose a small magnetometer probe is moved around (without

indicates a constant reading of. The magnetic flux through the area is then (5 ⋅ 10
rotating) inside a 0.5 m 2 ‍ area near a large sheet of magnetic material and

− 3 T) ⋅ (0.5 m 2) = 0.0025 Wb ‍

15.What is the role of magnetic materials in transformers?

Ans: The strength of the magnetic field is directly proportional to the amount
of current flowing through the primary coil. This means that the voltage induced
in the secondary coil can be increased or decreased by changing the current in the
primary coil. This is the principle behind step-up and step-down transformers.
The magnetic field also plays a role in the efficiency of a transformer. The iron
core is used to concentrate the magnetic field, reducing the amount of energy lost
as heat. The core is made of a material with a high magnetic permeability, such
as iron, which allows it to easily magnetize and demagnetize in response to the
changing current in the primary coil.

16.How do magnetic fields affect charged particles in motion?

Ans: When a charged particle moves relative to a magnetic field, it will
experience a force, unless it is traveling parallel to the field. The sign of the
charge, the direction of the magnetic field and the direction the particle is
traveling will all affect the direction of the force experienced by the particle.
Magnetic force can cause a charged particle to move in a circular or spiral path.
Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles in outer space, some of which
approach the Earth. They can be forced into spiral paths by the Earth's magnetic
field. Protons in giant accelerators are kept in a circular path by magnetic force.

17.What are magnetic domains, and how do they contribute to the magnetization
of materials?
Ans: The strongest contribution to the total magnetic energy comes from
the exchange interaction, which measures the energy required to turn two
neighboring spins into an antiparallel configuration. If this energy is positive,
the total exchange energy is minimized by a uniform spin configuration. For
instance, ferromagnetic materials, like iron and nickel, groups of atoms band
together in areas called domains. The magnetic strength and orientation, also
called the magnetic moments, of the individual atoms in such a domain are
aligned with one another and all point in the same direction.

18.Can you explain the Hall effect and its applications?

Ans: Hall effect sensors may be used in various sensors such as rotating speed
sensors (bicycle wheels, gear-teeth, automotive speedometers, electronic
ignition systems), fluid flow sensors, current sensors, and pressure sensors.

19.How do MRI machines utilize magnets and magnetic fields in medical

imaging?
Ans: The strong magnetic field created by the MRI scanner causes the
atoms in your body to align in the same direction. Radio waves are
then sent from the MRI machine and move these atoms out of the
original position. As the radio waves are turned off, the atoms return to
 their original position and send back radio signals

20.What are some practical applications of magnets and electromagnetism in

everyday life?
Ans: There are many more applications of permanent magnets in
everyday life. Permanent magnets are used in headphones, induction
cookers, MRI machines, particle accelerators, transformers, electric
generators, and even door locks. In the home, by far the most common use
of electromagnets is in electric motors. Think of all of those bits of
electrical equipment with some kind of electric motor: vacuum cleaners,
refrigerators, washing machines, tumble driers, food blenders, fan ovens,
microwaves, dish-washers, and hair driers.