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What Is A Computer Bus-1

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34 views2 pages

What Is A Computer Bus-1

Uploaded by

Bikash Bardhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is a Computer Bus?

A bus is a set of physical connections (cables, circuits, etc.) that can be


shared by multiple hardware components to communicate with one
another. Memory and input/ output devices are connected to the Central
Processing Unit through a group of lines called a bus. These lines are
designed to transfer data between different components.

Types of Computer Bus

1. Address Bus

2. Data Bus

3. Control Bus

1. Address Bus

 A collection of wires used to identify particular location in main


memory is called Address Bus. Or in other words, the information
used to describe the memory locations travels along the address
bus.

 The address bus transports memory addresses which the processor


wants to access in order to read or write data..

 The address bus is unidirectional.

 The size of address bus determines how many unique memory


locations can be addressed.

 Example:

o A system with 4-bit address bus can address 2^4 = 16 Bytes


of memory.

o A system with 16-bit address bus can address 2^16 = 64 KB


of memory

o A system with 20-bit address bus can address 2^20 = 1 MB of


memory.

2. Data Bus

 A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part


of a computer to another is called Data Bus.

 Data Bus can be thought of as a highway on which data travels


within a computer.

 The main objective of data bus is transfer of the data between


microprocessor to input/ output devices or memory.
 The data bus transfers instructions coming from or going to the
processor.

 The data bus is bidirectional because the data can flow in either
direction from CPU to memory(or input/output device) or from
memory to the CPU.

 The size (width) of bus determines how much data can be


transmitted at one time.

 Example:

o A 16-bit bus can transmit 16 bits of data at a time.

o 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits at a time.

Control Bus

 The connections that carry control information between the CPU and
other devices within the computer is called Control Bus.

 The main objective of control bus is all signals controller carried


from processor to other hardware device.

 The control bus transports orders and synchonisation signal coming


from the control unit and travelling to all other hardware
components

 The Control bus is bidirectional because the data can flow in either
direction from CPU to memory(or input/output device) or from
memory to the CPU.

 it also transmits response signals from the hardware.

 Example:

o This bus is used to indicate whether the CPU is reading from


memory or writing to memory.

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